MATLAB | 一行代码实现截断坐标轴

说是一行代码截断，实际上是你们可以用一行代码简单调用工具函数进行截断，但这个工具函数实际上有接近两百行hiahiahia，制作不易求个赞。

0 封面效果

注：以下绘图是做出添加次刻度线，轴线加粗等一系列修饰后的效果，故与后文不同，若想达到下图效果，请查看第五部分内容。

1 单轴截断

使用方法非常简单，以下举个例子,需要注意的是截断范围一定被包括在轴范围内：

x=0:.05:60;
y=4.*cos(x)./(x+2);plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2)
box on
grid on

truncAxis('X',[15,45])

若想减小空白区域请在截断前定义axes位置：

x=0:.05:60;
y=4.*cos(x)./(x+2);plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2)
box on
grid on

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);truncAxis('X',[15,45])

开关

box

框及

grid

网格会有不同绘制效果：

截断y轴：

truncAxis('Y',[0,0.5])

另，利用一些

特性

可以从左到右，从下到上多次截断轴，但不推荐：

truncAxis('X',[15,45])truncAxis('X',[50,55])

2 双轴截断

要截断需要同时截断，以下给出一个例子：

X=linspace(0,2*pi,100);Y=exp(0.3*X).*sin(3*X);scatter(X,Y,'LineWidth',1);

box off
grid off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);truncAxis('X',[3,4],'Y',[0,1])

3 其他示例

再截断个柱状图(截断处的实线是柱状图自带的0基线删不掉)：

y=[12091105143.5131150179203226249281.5,800,820,800];bar(y)
box off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);truncAxis('Y',[300,700])

4 添加图例

就照常使用

legend

函数即可，图例默认生成在右上角：

X=linspace(0,2*pi,100);Y=exp(0.3*X).*sin(3*X);scatter(X,Y,'LineWidth',1);

box off
grid off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);truncAxis('X',[3,4],'Y',[0,1])

legend

y=[12091105143.5131150179203226249281.5,800,820,800];bar(y)
box off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);truncAxis('Y',[300,700])

legend

5 与prettyAxes联动

y=[12091105143.5131150179203226249281.5,800,820,800];bar(y)
box off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);prettyAxes().gbase()truncAxis('Y',[300,700])

legend

prettyAxes：
函数获取(点击图片跳转链接)：

工具函数完整代码

function truncAxis(varargin)% 获取参数
ifisa(varargin{1},'matlab.graphics.axis.Axes')
    ax=varargin{1};varargin(1)=[];else
    ax=gca;
end
hold(ax,'on');%box(ax,'off')ax.XAxisLocation='bottom';ax.YAxisLocation='left';

axisPos=ax.Position;
axisXLim=ax.XLim;
axisYLim=ax.YLim;

axisXScale=diff(axisXLim);
axisYScale=diff(axisYLim);

truncRatio=1/20;Xtrunc=[];Ytrunc=[];for i=1:length(varargin)-1switchtruecasestrcmpi('X',varargin{i}),Xtrunc=varargin{i+1};casestrcmpi('Y',varargin{i}),Ytrunc=varargin{i+1};
    end
end

switchtruecaseisempty(Xtrunc)% 复制坐标区域
        ax2=copyAxes(ax);% 修改轴基础属性
        ax2.XTickLabels=[];ax2.XColor='none';% 修改坐标区域范围
        ax.YLim=[axisYLim(1),Ytrunc(1)];ax2.YLim=[Ytrunc(2),axisYLim(2)];% 坐标区域重定位
        ax.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(Ytrunc(1)-axisYLim(1));ax2.Position(2)=axisPos(2)+ax.Position(4)+axisPos(4)*truncRatio;ax2.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(axisYLim(2)-Ytrunc(2));% 链接轴范围变动
        linkaxes([ax,ax2],'x')% 添加线和标识符
        ifstrcmp(ax.Box,'on')ax.Box='off';ax2.Box='off';annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax.Position(2),ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);elseannotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        end
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])caseisempty(Ytrunc)% 复制坐标区域
        ax2=copyAxes(ax);% 修改轴基础属性
        ax2.YTickLabels=[];ax2.YColor='none';% 修改坐标区域范围
        ax.XLim=[axisXLim(1),Xtrunc(1)];ax2.XLim=[Xtrunc(2),axisXLim(2)];% 坐标区域重定位
        ax.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(Xtrunc(1)-axisXLim(1));ax2.Position(1)=axisPos(1)+ax.Position(3)+axisPos(3)*truncRatio;ax2.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(axisXLim(2)-Xtrunc(2));% 链接轴范围变动
        linkaxes([ax,ax2],'y')% 添加线和标识符
        ifstrcmp(ax.Box,'on')ax.Box='off';ax2.Box='off';annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax2.Position(1),ax2.Position(1)+ax2.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax2.Position(1)+ax2.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);elseannotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax2.Position(1)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        end
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax2.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax2.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])case(~isempty(Ytrunc))&(~isempty(Ytrunc))% 复制坐标区域
        ax2=copyAxes(ax);
        ax3=copyAxes(ax);
        ax4=copyAxes(ax);% 修改轴基础属性
        ax2.XTickLabels=[];ax2.XColor='none';ax3.XTickLabels=[];ax3.XColor='none';ax3.YTickLabels=[];ax3.YColor='none';ax4.YTickLabels=[];ax4.YColor='none';% 修改坐标区域范围
        ax.YLim=[axisYLim(1),Ytrunc(1)];ax.XLim=[axisXLim(1),Xtrunc(1)];ax2.XLim=[axisXLim(1),Xtrunc(1)];ax2.YLim=[Ytrunc(2),axisYLim(2)];ax3.XLim=[Xtrunc(2),axisXLim(2)];ax3.YLim=[Ytrunc(2),axisYLim(2)];ax4.XLim=[Xtrunc(2),axisXLim(2)];ax4.YLim=[axisYLim(1),Ytrunc(1)];% 坐标区域重定位
        ax.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(Xtrunc(1)-axisXLim(1));ax.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(Ytrunc(1)-axisYLim(1));ax2.Position(2)=axisPos(2)+ax.Position(4)+axisPos(4)*truncRatio;ax2.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(Xtrunc(1)-axisXLim(1));ax2.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(axisYLim(2)-Ytrunc(2));ax3.Position(1)=axisPos(1)+ax.Position(3)+axisPos(3)*truncRatio;ax3.Position(2)=axisPos(2)+ax.Position(4)+axisPos(4)*truncRatio;ax3.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(axisXLim(2)-Xtrunc(2));ax3.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(axisYLim(2)-Ytrunc(2));ax4.Position(1)=axisPos(1)+ax.Position(3)+axisPos(3)*truncRatio;ax4.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(axisXLim(2)-Xtrunc(2));ax4.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(Ytrunc(1)-axisYLim(1));% 链接轴范围变动
        linkaxes([ax3,ax2],'y')linkaxes([ax4,ax3],'x')linkaxes([ax,ax2],'x')linkaxes([ax,ax4],'y')% 添加线和标识符
        ifstrcmp(ax.Box,'on')ax.Box='off';ax2.Box='off';ax3.Box='off';ax4.Box='off';annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax3.Position(1),ax3.Position(1)+ax3.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)),[ax3.Position(2),ax3.Position(2)+ax3.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)),[ax4.Position(2),ax4.Position(2)+ax4.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);elseannotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax3.Position(1)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax.Position(2),ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax3.Position(1)),[ax.Position(2),ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax4.Position(1),ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);annotation('line',[ax4.Position(1),ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        end
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax4.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])createSlash([ax4.Position(1)-.2,ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])% 修改当前坐标区域，方便legend添加
        set(gcf,'currentAxes',ax3)
end
% 复制原坐标区域全部可复制属性
    function newAX=copyAxes(ax)
        axStruct=get(ax);
        fNames=fieldnames(axStruct);
        newAX=axes('Parent',ax.Parent);

        coeList={'CurrentPoint','XAxis','YAxis','ZAxis','BeingDeleted',...
            'TightInset','NextSeriesIndex','Children','Type','Legend'};for n=1:length(coeList)
            coePos=strcmp(fNames,coeList{n});fNames(coePos)=[];
        end
        
        for n=1:length(fNames)
            newAX.(fNames{n})=ax.(fNames{n});
        end

        copyobj(ax.Children,newAX)
    end
% 添加截断标识符函数
    function createSlash(pos)
        anno=annotation('textbox');anno.String='/';anno.LineStyle='none';anno.FontSize=15;anno.Position=pos;anno.FitBoxToText='on';anno.VerticalAlignment='middle';anno.HorizontalAlignment='center';
    end
end