🤵 Author :Horizon Max
✨ 编程技巧篇:各种操作小结
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💥 深度学习篇:简单入门 PyTorch
🏆 神经网络篇:经典网络模型
💻 算法篇:再忙也别忘了 LeetCode
[ 注意力机制 ] 经典网络模型3——ECA-Net 详解与复现
🚀 Efficient Channel Attention Module
Efficient Channel Attention Module 简称
ECA
,2020年 Qilong Wang等人提出的一种
高效通道注意力(ECA)模块
;
提出了一种 不降维的局部跨通道交互策略 ,有效避免了降维对于通道注意力学习效果的影响 ;
该模块只涉及少数几个 参数,但具有明显的 效果增益 ;
适当的
跨通道交互
可以在保持 性能 的同时
显著降低模型的复杂性
;
🔗 论文地址:ECA-Net: Efficient Channel Attention for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
🚀 ECA-Net 详解
🎨 背景知识
深度卷积神经网络(CNN)在计算机视觉领域得到了广泛的应用,在
图像分类
、
目标检测
和
语义分割
等方面取得了很大的进展 ;
从具有开创性的
AlexNet
提出以来,研究人员不断的探索提升 CNN 的性能 ;
近年来,
SENet
将信息通道注意力引入卷积块引起了人们的极大兴趣,显示出极大的性能改进潜力;
后来研究通过捕获更复杂的
通道依赖性
或 结合额外的
空间注意
来改进SE块 ;
但随着模型 精度 越高,复杂度 越高,计算量 也随之增大 ,计算成本 高昂 ;
研究表明,SENet采用的
降维操作
会对通道注意力的预测产生 负面影响,且获取依赖关系效率低且不必要 ;
基于此,提出了一种针对CNN的高效通道注意力(ECA)模块,避免了降维,有效地实现了
跨通道交互
;
Efficient Channel Attention module
特点:
(1)通过大小为 k 的快速一维卷积实现,其中核大小k表示
局部跨通道交互
的覆盖范围,即有多少领域参与了一个通道的注意预测 ;
(2)为了避免通过交叉验证手动调整 k,开发了一种
自适应方法
确定 k,其中跨通道交互的覆盖范围 (即核大小k) 与通道维度成比例 ;
🎨 论文贡献
(1)分析了SENet,并通过实证证明了
避免降维
和适当的
跨通道交互
对学习高效的通道注意力的重要性;
(2)开发了一种用于CNN的
极轻量级通道注意力模块
,该模块对模型复杂度的增加很小,但改进明显 ;
(3)在ImageNet-1K和MS COCO上的实验结果表明,ECANet 在获得极具竞争力的性能的同时,具有
较低的模型复杂度
;
🎨 ECA Module
注意力模块的开发
大致可以分为两个方向:
(1)增强特征聚合;
(2)通道与空间注意的结合 ;
左图:Residual Module 右图:ECA-Residual Module
🚩 ECA-Net 推理过程
对于不降维的聚合特征 y ∈ RC,可以学习通道注意 :
W 为 C x C 的参数矩阵 ;
Wvar2 是一个对角矩阵,包含C个参数 ;
Wvar3 是一个完整的矩阵,包含 C×C 的参数 ;
关键的区别在于:SE-var3考虑了跨通道交互,而SE-var2没有考虑,因此SE-V ar3的性能更好 ;
在
ECA-Net
中,探索了另一种获取 局部跨通道交互 的方法,以保证效率和有效性,使用一个
波段矩阵Wk
来学习通道注意力:
其中,
C1D
表示一维卷积 ;
总体来说:
ECA模块使用不降维的GAP聚合卷积特征后,首先自适应确定核大小k,然后进行一维卷积,再进行 Sigmoid 函数学习 channel attention ;
🚩 ECA-Net 应用对比
最后,分别使用 ResNet 、ResNet+SENet 、ResNet+CBAM 、 ResNet+ECANet 进行实验得到 模型参数量-准确率 结果 :
实验表明 ECANet 性能超越了 SENet 和 CBAM
🚀 ECA-Net 复现
这里实现的是
ECA-ResNet
系列网络 :
# Here is the code :import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torchinfo import summary
import math
classEfficientChannelAttention(nn.Module):# Efficient Channel Attention moduledef__init__(self, c, b=1, gamma=2):super(EfficientChannelAttention, self).__init__()
t =int(abs((math.log(c,2)+ b)/ gamma))
k = t if t %2else t +1
self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
self.conv1 = nn.Conv1d(1,1, kernel_size=k, padding=int(k/2), bias=False)
self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()defforward(self, x):
x = self.avg_pool(x)
x = self.conv1(x.squeeze(-1).transpose(-1,-2)).transpose(-1,-2).unsqueeze(-1)
out = self.sigmoid(x)return out
classBasicBlock(nn.Module):# 左侧的 residual block 结构(18-layer、34-layer)
expansion =1def__init__(self, in_planes, planes, stride=1):# 两层卷积 Conv2d + Shutcutssuper(BasicBlock, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, planes, kernel_size=3,
stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes, kernel_size=3,
stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
self.channel = EfficientChannelAttention(planes)# Efficient Channel Attention module
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential()if stride !=1or in_planes != self.expansion*planes:# Shutcuts用于构建 Conv Block 和 Identity Block
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_planes, self.expansion*planes,
kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(self.expansion*planes))defforward(self, x):
out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
out = self.bn2(self.conv2(out))
ECA_out = self.channel(out)
out = out * ECA_out
out += self.shortcut(x)
out = F.relu(out)return out
classBottleneck(nn.Module):# 右侧的 residual block 结构(50-layer、101-layer、152-layer)
expansion =4def__init__(self, in_planes, planes, stride=1):# 三层卷积 Conv2d + Shutcutssuper(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, planes, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(planes, planes, kernel_size=3,
stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(planes)
self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(planes, self.expansion*planes,
kernel_size=1, bias=False)
self.bn3 = nn.BatchNorm2d(self.expansion*planes)
self.channel = EfficientChannelAttention(self.expansion*planes)# Efficient Channel Attention module
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential()if stride !=1or in_planes != self.expansion*planes:# Shutcuts用于构建 Conv Block 和 Identity Block
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_planes, self.expansion*planes,
kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(self.expansion*planes))defforward(self, x):
out = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
out = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(out)))
out = self.bn3(self.conv3(out))
ECA_out = self.channel(out)
out = out * ECA_out
out += self.shortcut(x)
out = F.relu(out)return out
classECA_ResNet(nn.Module):def__init__(self, block, num_blocks, num_classes=1000):super(ECA_ResNet, self).__init__()
self.in_planes =64
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3,64, kernel_size=3,
stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)# conv1
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
self.layer1 = self._make_layer(block,64, num_blocks[0], stride=1)# conv2_x
self.layer2 = self._make_layer(block,128, num_blocks[1], stride=2)# conv3_x
self.layer3 = self._make_layer(block,256, num_blocks[2], stride=2)# conv4_x
self.layer4 = self._make_layer(block,512, num_blocks[3], stride=2)# conv5_x
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1,1))
self.linear = nn.Linear(512* block.expansion, num_classes)def_make_layer(self, block, planes, num_blocks, stride):
strides =[stride]+[1]*(num_blocks-1)
layers =[]for stride in strides:
layers.append(block(self.in_planes, planes, stride))
self.in_planes = planes * block.expansion
return nn.Sequential(*layers)defforward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.layer1(x)
x = self.layer2(x)
x = self.layer3(x)
x = self.layer4(x)
x = self.avgpool(x)
x = torch.flatten(x,1)
out = self.linear(x)return out
defECA_ResNet18():return ECA_ResNet(BasicBlock,[2,2,2,2])defECA_ResNet34():return ECA_ResNet(BasicBlock,[3,4,6,3])defECA_ResNet50():return ECA_ResNet(Bottleneck,[3,4,6,3])defECA_ResNet101():return ECA_ResNet(Bottleneck,[3,4,23,3])defECA_ResNet152():return ECA_ResNet(Bottleneck,[3,8,36,3])deftest():
net = ECA_ResNet50()
y = net(torch.randn(1,3,224,224))print(y.size())
summary(net,(1,3,224,224))if __name__ =='__main__':
test()
输出结果:
torch.Size([1,1000])====================================================================================================
Layer (type:depth-idx) Output Shape Param #====================================================================================================
ECA_ResNet ----
├─Conv2d:1-1[1,64,224,224]1,728
├─BatchNorm2d:1-2[1,64,224,224]128
├─Sequential:1-3[1,256,224,224]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-1[1,256,224,224]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-1[1,64,224,224]4,096
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-2[1,64,224,224]128
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-3[1,64,224,224]36,864
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-4[1,64,224,224]128
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-5[1,256,224,224]16,384
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-6[1,256,224,224]512
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-7[1,256,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-8[1,256,224,224]16,896
│ └─Bottleneck:2-2[1,256,224,224]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-9[1,64,224,224]16,384
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-10[1,64,224,224]128
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-11[1,64,224,224]36,864
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-12[1,64,224,224]128
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-13[1,256,224,224]16,384
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-14[1,256,224,224]512
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-15[1,256,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-16[1,256,224,224]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-3[1,256,224,224]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-17[1,64,224,224]16,384
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-18[1,64,224,224]128
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-19[1,64,224,224]36,864
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-20[1,64,224,224]128
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-21[1,256,224,224]16,384
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-22[1,256,224,224]512
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-23[1,256,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-24[1,256,224,224]--
├─Sequential:1-4[1,512,112,112]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-4[1,512,112,112]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-25[1,128,224,224]32,768
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-26[1,128,224,224]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-27[1,128,112,112]147,456
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-28[1,128,112,112]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-29[1,512,112,112]65,536
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-30[1,512,112,112]1,024
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-31[1,512,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-32[1,512,112,112]132,096
│ └─Bottleneck:2-5[1,512,112,112]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-33[1,128,112,112]65,536
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-34[1,128,112,112]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-35[1,128,112,112]147,456
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-36[1,128,112,112]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-37[1,512,112,112]65,536
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-38[1,512,112,112]1,024
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-39[1,512,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-40[1,512,112,112]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-6[1,512,112,112]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-41[1,128,112,112]65,536
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-42[1,128,112,112]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-43[1,128,112,112]147,456
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-44[1,128,112,112]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-45[1,512,112,112]65,536
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-46[1,512,112,112]1,024
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-47[1,512,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-48[1,512,112,112]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-7[1,512,112,112]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-49[1,128,112,112]65,536
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-50[1,128,112,112]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-51[1,128,112,112]147,456
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-52[1,128,112,112]256
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-53[1,512,112,112]65,536
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-54[1,512,112,112]1,024
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-55[1,512,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-56[1,512,112,112]--
├─Sequential:1-5[1,1024,56,56]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-8[1,1024,56,56]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-57[1,256,112,112]131,072
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-58[1,256,112,112]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-59[1,256,56,56]589,824
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-60[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-61[1,1024,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-62[1,1024,56,56]2,048
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-63[1,1024,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-64[1,1024,56,56]526,336
│ └─Bottleneck:2-9[1,1024,56,56]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-65[1,256,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-66[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-67[1,256,56,56]589,824
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-68[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-69[1,1024,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-70[1,1024,56,56]2,048
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-71[1,1024,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-72[1,1024,56,56]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-10[1,1024,56,56]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-73[1,256,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-74[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-75[1,256,56,56]589,824
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-76[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-77[1,1024,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-78[1,1024,56,56]2,048
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-79[1,1024,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-80[1,1024,56,56]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-11[1,1024,56,56]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-81[1,256,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-82[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-83[1,256,56,56]589,824
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-84[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-85[1,1024,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-86[1,1024,56,56]2,048
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-87[1,1024,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-88[1,1024,56,56]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-12[1,1024,56,56]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-89[1,256,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-90[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-91[1,256,56,56]589,824
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-92[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-93[1,1024,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-94[1,1024,56,56]2,048
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-95[1,1024,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-96[1,1024,56,56]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-13[1,1024,56,56]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-97[1,256,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-98[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-99[1,256,56,56]589,824
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-100[1,256,56,56]512
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-101[1,1024,56,56]262,144
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-102[1,1024,56,56]2,048
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-103[1,1024,1,1]5
│ │ └─Sequential:3-104[1,1024,56,56]--
├─Sequential:1-6[1,2048,28,28]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-14[1,2048,28,28]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-105[1,512,56,56]524,288
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-106[1,512,56,56]1,024
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-107[1,512,28,28]2,359,296
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-108[1,512,28,28]1,024
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-109[1,2048,28,28]1,048,576
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-110[1,2048,28,28]4,096
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-111[1,2048,1,1]7
│ │ └─Sequential:3-112[1,2048,28,28]2,101,248
│ └─Bottleneck:2-15[1,2048,28,28]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-113[1,512,28,28]1,048,576
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-114[1,512,28,28]1,024
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-115[1,512,28,28]2,359,296
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-116[1,512,28,28]1,024
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-117[1,2048,28,28]1,048,576
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-118[1,2048,28,28]4,096
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-119[1,2048,1,1]7
│ │ └─Sequential:3-120[1,2048,28,28]--
│ └─Bottleneck:2-16[1,2048,28,28]--
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-121[1,512,28,28]1,048,576
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-122[1,512,28,28]1,024
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-123[1,512,28,28]2,359,296
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-124[1,512,28,28]1,024
│ │ └─Conv2d:3-125[1,2048,28,28]1,048,576
│ │ └─BatchNorm2d:3-126[1,2048,28,28]4,096
│ │ └─EfficientChannelAttention:3-127[1,2048,1,1]7
│ │ └─Sequential:3-128[1,2048,28,28]--
├─AdaptiveAvgPool2d:1-7[1,2048,1,1]--
├─Linear:1-8[1,1000]2,049,000====================================================================================================
Total params:25,549,438
Trainable params:25,549,438
Non-trainable params:0
Total mult-adds (G):63.59====================================================================================================
Input size (MB):0.60
Forward/backward pass size (MB):2691.17
Params size (MB):102.20
Estimated Total Size (MB):2793.97====================================================================================================
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