Python Selenium 获取动态网页指定元素的超链接

Python Selenium 获取动态网页指定元素的超链接

前言

• 本文是个人使用Python Selenium 获取动态网页指定元素的超链接的电子笔记，由于水平有限，难免出现错漏，敬请批评改正。
• 更多精彩内容，可点击进入Python日常小操作专栏或我的个人主页查看

前提条件

• 熟悉Python
• 熟悉Requests
• 熟悉XPath
• 熟悉Selenium

相关介绍

• Python是一种跨平台的计算机程序设计语言。是一个高层次的结合了解释性、编译性、互动性和面向对象的脚本语言。最初被设计用于编写自动化脚本(shell)，随着版本的不断更新和语言新功能的添加，越多被用于独立的、大型项目的开发。
• Requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库。
• Lxml是XML和HTML的解析器，其主要功能是解析和提取XML和HTML中的数据；lxml和正则一样，也是用C语言实现的，是一款高性能的python HTML、XML解析器，也可以利用XPath语法，来定位特定的元素及节点信息。
• XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言， XSLT 中的主要元素，XQuery 和 XPointer 均构建于 XPath 表达式之上。
• Selenium 是一个用于Web应用程序测试的工具。Selenium测试直接运行在浏览器中，就像真正的用户在操作一样。支持的浏览器包括IE（7, 8, 9, 10, 11），Mozilla Firefox，Safari，Google Chrome，Opera，Edge等。这个工具的主要功能包括：测试与浏览器的兼容性——测试应用程序看是否能够很好得工作在不同浏览器和操作系统之上。测试系统功能——创建回归测试检验软件功能和用户需求。支持自动录制动作和自动生成.Net、Java、Perl等不同语言的测试脚本。

实验环境

• Python 3.x （面向对象的高级语言）
• Requests（Python第三方库）pip3 install requests
• Lxml（python第三方库）pip3 install lxml
• Selenium 4.1.0（Python第三方库） pip3 install selenium==4.1.0

获取动态网页指定元素的超链接

目标网址

https://www.zhipin.com/

代码实现

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()# # # 增加无界面选项# # chrome_options.headless = True# # 增加无界面选项# chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')# # 如果不加这个选项，有时定位会出现问题# chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')# driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches',['enable-logging'])# 打开谷歌驱动
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)# 打开火狐驱动, 下载的是哪个驱动就用所对应的驱动名打开，这里我使用的是谷歌# driver = webdriver.Firefox()# 输入需要搜索的网址，这里直接输入boos的首页网址，也可以根据自己的需要来输入对应的网址，修改括号中的网址即可
driver.get("https://www.zhipin.com/web/geek/job?query=AI算法工程师")# implicitly_wait(): 隐式等待# 当使用了隐士等待执行测试的时候，如果# WebDriver没有在# DOM中找到元素，将继续等待，超出设定时间后则抛出找不到元素的异常# 换句话说，当查找元素或元素并没有立即出现的时候，隐式等待将等待一段时间再查找# DOM，默认的时间是0# 一旦设置了隐式等待，则它存在整个# WebDriver# 对象实例的声明周期中，隐式的等到会让一个正常响应的应用的测试变慢，# 它将会在寻找每个元素的时候都进行等待，这样会增加整个测试执行的时间。
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
all_links =[]# 超链接
links=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[2]/ul/li/div[1]/a')for i in links:
    all_links.append(i.get_attribute('href'))print('all_links:\n':all_links)# 关闭浏览器
driver.quit()

all_links:
['https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/51130f7cf022920c1nZ72tm4F1BS.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.1&securityId=Wrf6Ju0q891dB-v1-KH4S3MEZ6XB5SqDB_1Fp7sEOGhhdMQpoPnFeQBPYifubMCJ1iOa-PXgN5UiRSKqV-XZZwnL_uoZQiluwP8Kq8exEJgIsfQsKPZu&sessionId=',
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/7634a64b01109ed51XF52tu5FFpU.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.2&securityId=oDlK2lguTb4eX-M1yrqXbbh5TH1j7RS3eqy-ArQEneYjgbFolwR2PPyGbbRBloLpBJHbT3AnRsU8emKTjqSEpENaaxCGAQ70oGfyDQDrEG21vV4BTw~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/cc2370d01d570b5f0XZ80967ElQ~.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.3&securityId=MZnPCmBEEgEuJ-Y1qbNCS-1p9d4JkX3sVCSWLjjds10wKf95TOWnoYxqMzKlHZ1CLO-1TnUjabnGixzyNUceSvr6FyPPuSUxX2tTv8O7EsEjv3O_&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/4c9e6e7ede9dd95a1XF62d26EVRT.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.4&securityId=JGkGN673lbp85-W149dR6DaRzOf5wcDIewGU3c52-EIyZ8s5EsHNaqNdc5PjHnXc5WWwJECjAikjAuzRvN2kZSt80dPGnOkLO_o8fgsuGNoIZerW5JM~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/e5501e5949ed4c0c1nZz2tm8ElZT.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.5&securityId=Tg1bEND7CL5dr-N1ocgrg1AjE8Hiy_0W3jeqblLj_cJ91dZ9K_fUN_vlKCHW-eJGHZeCaoxTy6MRUk_30GfKekqof1l1NBuk3CgAF0BRMis7FWdqgw~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/b083288fd86f60341Xd40968GVBT.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.6&securityId=lOb153Refp1jY-j124U-9vdL8OVpfDoeJsYd3qAaszGlUga35frIuFzQFr28GXkSNHHS6Xerv1HtjEEIpIVOsnfkoyN7JoCowgtIP9y0c3cIJ5fBBA~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/f1935b91115865b71Xd73Nm7E1BZ.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.7&securityId=no9awCmwc9ENF-c1Yhm-ooEXLFmUPEmSrVVBHb486rL6sF8nQR-gg3fJ8CoXn3r-M_NYvZMyguu7E2-Vtr5OB1SYuzTOUp7td8eMhHhnEsWAmDV81A~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/c17bb1992367d5391nFy39y5E1JT.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.8&securityId=8yDZPiRjHPNeV-X19P8eh-81r_7dUDzXpv32APys-CFyvc2RtJVu1UU2Y1z176G0HvM9eZYLwIz1HX_vHFBwiAOhjhKDFuCDGWB4u740_jYg0cRxS6I~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/1426b6ff57d2db7e1XB92N6-GFNW.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.9&securityId=oEnznOvwjDI3W-W1VWvfVyHw2kFqcyE_tbWHZquef1mvOsZImuE6oxLU-PUuLGpJOXfseJ15796BYtm2cE84vG9xuXZ3j-nyx3wnIKSH0SY9pnBThkY~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/8d14dd627bd80af81n173tq9FFpY.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.10&securityId=3qGNKBq74pbCs-813w9Exyl9z3fvSQQy4ZVTZWHGFH0s-O8xvQZf596-b7Gsegf5RxmTPeE1IwwoIEIMh49VBbo1dV-kugJRV9rU7rCgA9w0FBgBuA~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/6538d1ae0f1e07ea0X1_29i8EVQ~.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.11&securityId=xLw96mBuLIPX4-u1m5FsIID-G0-2uMwuBMeowYgXwohjjkIK3_8OCZC_awlG2qik8ZgOBKOjK9fporTq8CdFYYNO_neuNyoeC43RY7vJ17ji4A9z&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/c7d67e5791040d2f1XB63dy4FVdW.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.12&securityId=hVNq6XqfJIYpB-J1nN5KVNIgzSVefGZVXFRrfnQZmV1jyUgd2NEHzEElOdnZPfic1dHx1jWV9ohIllZeJm0sYQl-Ci3IkiEVuxXzSR2XdKztHeqoSw~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/11307d89f7002a641XF42N24F1FY.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.13&securityId=1mIvbYuaUlVf7-s192IXpv2ovP66NRGNzB5SVdWJ6DD2pZMEc_F8pKC34iSljZJQs6cGodVIVG5jUzk9IriSLocMO4CxvO-SyoaWyatEPtPaWTQi77w~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/648e24692691756b1XF63N-5GFpU.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.14&securityId=-VF0MDVs3u35I-I1Yok_LwTiYiSpXsxsxkPoUjrvDXcjGqc65CyWlmTKeqTiUUnvfdBBZbtoKj8YkMfLMInGc3ca028svXTuUlI9qMJ70Z2E5TMG&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/876263a9f6ff67821nF62Nu9EVJQ.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.15&securityId=ID_TMnru4dmH3-Q1sMsOu_tAOyyr28xA4atYMSOLih2MSZglfPmbJnDey9fGoX3H7Ajhq2gfFDsIRePStIL-YBf3ejuyhWHxJwnK2YnV5th0touNuQ~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/93fa6b26874889b11XB_2t-6FltR.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.16&securityId=vSB0onzr-1bRT-E1D6QlWdJlVlZb-3_lJiW_WYNJ1chOIs_WVlOa2hIS8r9IRQZMOWP7xN_aaxl7ZgFmend2TFjHvtK5jmJ9VRi-Z_1tM8qWQ9s7ia5v&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/3b16bfb732d48f0e1XR509--EFJQ.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.17&securityId=QS2k4km47ReZ7-b1crpZw5BA_3fVtifvRorS5gSWW-QzbNuyhdoI3CALKpRwby045LY8smmC12g5ZfN5tA9vRVVPzraQmh6OCwY3HoaUEBvvWvmIOpw~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/620ab2873e7b6d611n1_0920F1BS.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.18&securityId=eg8rJyP34wrgf-v1TShFLmFg-l7q-7NP7XxbyBtBjes9CFZkpChq4NhRS1uibKk-9yd95m5kC7mjFVwVtbswVD1YAMRMVKgZliiyrZ7uM3a3s1sM9e4~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/7507d3c13c19d0ea1nJ709i0EVNU.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.19&securityId=FkIOur07GILxV-j1srQmAMPHo9e2QL5kVyqeugujI25YkJUz_JhtwSYZ_QBN_9CczLaxTa88snUAH2uMmBHT7mLWm_Bejs-rI_68maLixkgKGyGoFQ~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/3eb26c73fdfea05e1Xdy09m1EFNW.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.20&securityId=mrMOyVV1-rLpZ-L11YRlCh6iLQ51-EybD8SyZKxieRBiaXX_AcyH--tF0jVgR8Pt7ZKY3ONVihWHc-G68A_s1yE3ys5W3-ZfsIwfBHtD4E1USZZEX6A~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/214537274f3b8def1XV90t-_FldZ.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.21&securityId=yDUKAWzTIUMON-E1ANnN9oKEXVrJVaXj-B_Gqx7nvEQ_nBfL5wAIWVCRPywfJOnxkbk3S1vLwpud1RcttKJrrKsSkG6flVJvR-GWSW_ZBpH8U_CDww~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/2a728edb6c98854e3nV93tm7ElU~.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.22&securityId=7lACZthfL5-2k-A1XD9zd3G4LpMdfUIhSgdcon9UDOKcD3VSa3_UIUlNEeEVqS31c81XB929W-EltX.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.23&securityId=ydly6xajXCxz2-Z13QPs7clJQhwEk2brx0pFH94T-twmDmSIBKM3dLo-z4crjdbWC18wxj4xrQZ2ZdLoZwfLWZfOqC_CRtMKKlCVVq4GCX0VUnFZZC4~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/4b34a687816d4b6a1XZ529S0FlZZ.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.24&securityId=XPdhBlAs2a7Wr-_1Crcu_FVbIl9kUjigiapTYQTbBERz-QVKPmeTf7TT_YPia0y8RDv5crn5EJJOHXtOizRW_p_Pbnvxyppb2hYzcs7b-yTD60BqJQ~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/e0f13a2d5afb919e1XZ43dm6FlFX.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.25&securityId=JHpoTGIllDTWz-41j8IDGteCA5sRXCCXdZQdU3_MeAJOio-rv0HMsrAvqxOlghX6M7Z62CrH7v-Rv7BJJqfu4UcHF4I1JZrN6QdfR3tR5WP14b4J5Q~~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/7d3d524dbd64b92f1XB-3N61EFNR.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.26&securityId=I67CL5DLTqhbT-E12sAj57OTTRY1oX0E3xFqs_l0miBCoeKsxOWPt_j1YJGe0e0KgEwFdVZKYe4TbikUec4RV_1_JcmVwWwD1qK6qWFN87kXduBDPOs~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/75a1767b3779781e1n142d-0F1JS.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.27&securityId=jW7SHWIWK67xH-G1_UkokmVqoZqvWqfP3RRCqK1hrnHZeTR_LbgRFGnJmHKnOEoqKYUvNEzvK6Z3g-2_OvGGJgGCmLzJUxgXvfLm8o10H8w0DBnNxsmL&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/74084650d3ef7c7f1XR72tu7EFNX.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.28&securityId=gaYBuF_s7iF5x-s1XWg07odOcl11GrbSNEyXlRWLenHjAvYT__lPujMYtkUsso3tDjQ2OyaMRRUYFosM4TmP2mSRrlYrRRzTZ1TK41d6OTTTdvZ7-lM~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/c10b1224f7fb3a6e1XB_3dW8FFpU.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.29&securityId=4GxZox2AmPZg--W1TK4akbtADgYHAm6UcC44faW4HMZiJgqUNYQmd_HytPJ2ZMzCEjs68nJ0tPaz6khdpCGY5NAdxFnYfgIFHT4LI-ELFc-HP1_RZ34~&sessionId=', 
'https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/19ce985daea5046c1Xd50t68E1VU.html?lid=2u4NYccXIT6.search.30&securityId=LpJtJoDlZq1tc-k1yPTHpOkWYneArdICQ14ktVUWO8FaW-xqcwBHAtnNB38iamjFBCLE3l6zDGBPET338fnepvzyaXHlczk2XTn4C-wwi3n9FbwVAQ~~&sessionId=']

更多精彩内容，可点击进入Python日常小操作专栏或我的个人主页查看