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使用canal监控mysql数据库实现elasticsearch索引实时更新

文章目录

业务场景

  • 使用elasticsearch作为全文搜索引擎,对标题、内容等,实现智能搜索、输入提示、拼音搜索等
  • elasticsearch索引与数据库数据不一致,导致搜索到不应被搜到的结果,或者搜不到已有数据
  • 索引相关业务,影响其他业务操作,如索引删除失败导致数据库删除失败
  • 为了减少对现有业务的侵入,基于数据库层面,对信息表进行监控,但需要索引的字段变动时,更新索引
  • 由于使用的是mysql数据库,故决定采用alibaba的canal中间件
  • 主要是监控信息基表base,监控这一张表的数据变动,mq消息消费时,重新从数据库查询数据更新或删除索引(数据无法直接使用,要数据清洗,需要关联查询拼接处理等)
  • 大致逻辑

数据库变动 -> 产生binlog -> canal监控读取binlog -> 发送mq -> 索引服务消费mq -> 查询数据库 -> 更新索引 -> 消息ack

安装

下载安装

数据库启用row binlog

  • 修改mysql数据库 my.cnf
  • 开启 Binlog 写入功能,配置 binlog-format 为 ROW 模式
log-bin=mysql-bin # 开启 binlog
binlog-format=ROW # 选择 ROW 模式
server_id=1 # 配置 replaction 不要和 canal 的 slaveId 重复
  • 建立canal授权账号
CREATE USER canal IDENTIFIED BY 'canal';  
GRANT SELECT, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'canal'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

使用

修改配置文件canal.properties

  • 主配置文件canal.properties
  • 配置你的连接canal.destinations = example,默认了个example
  • 启用rabbitMQ canal.serverMode = rabbitMQ
##################################################
#########             RabbitMQ         #############
# 提前建好 用户、vhost、exchange
##################################################
rabbitmq.host = 192.168.1.171:5672
rabbitmq.virtual.host = sql
rabbitmq.exchange = sqlBinLogExchange
rabbitmq.username = admin
rabbitmq.password = admin
rabbitmq.deliveryMode = Direct 

配置单个连接

  • canal/conf/
  • 修改instance.properties
  • 需要配置数据库连接canal.instance.master.address
  • 配置表过滤规则,canal.instance.filter.regex,注意.\\
  • 配置路由规则canal.mq.topic
  • 示例如下
#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0

# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false

# position info 写连接即可,其他省略,会自动获取
canal.instance.master.address=192.168.1.175:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=

# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=

# table meta tsdb info 
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal

#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=

# username/password  先前建好的数据库用户名密码
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==

# table regex 只监控部分表
canal.instance.filter.regex=.*\\.cms_base_content
# table black regex
canal.instance.filter.black.regex=mysql\\.slave_.*
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch

# mq config 这个是routerkey,要配置
canal.mq.topic=anhui_szf
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#canal.mq.dynamicTopicPartitionNum=test.*:4,mycanal:6
#################################################

配置多个连接

  • conf下新建文件夹,复制一份instance.properties
  • canal.destinations里添加上面的文件夹名称
  • 可以使用不同的canal.mq.topic,路由到不同队列

配置rabbitMQ

  • 登入你的rabbitMQ管理界面http://192.168.1.***:15672/
  • 确保用户存在,且有权限
  • 确保vhost存在,没使用默认的/,则创建在这里插入图片描述
  • 新建你的exchange在这里插入图片描述
  • 新建你的queue在这里插入图片描述
  • 根据前面配置的topic,作为routerkeyexchangequeue起来在这里插入图片描述

程序改动

canal源码

  • 修改CanalRabbitMQProducer.java
  • 实现只监控部分字段
  • 处理mq消息体,去除不需要的东西,减少数据传输
  • 主要修改了send(MQDestination canalDestination, String topicName, Message messageSub)
package com.alibaba.otter.canal.connector.rabbitmq.producer;
... ... 省略
@SPI("rabbitmq")
public class CanalRabbitMQProducer extends AbstractMQProducer implements CanalMQProducer {
... ... 省略
    // 需要监控的操作类型
    private static final String OPERATE_TYPE = "UPDATE,INSERT,DELETE";
    // 更新时,需要触发发送mq的字段
    private static final String[] KEY_FIELDS = new String[]{"COLUMN_ID","TITLE","REDIRECT_LINK","IMAGE_LINK",
            "IS_PUBLISH","PUBLISH_DATE","RECORD_STATUS","IS_TOP","AUTHOR","REMARKS","TO_FILEID","UPDATE_USER_ID"};
    // 数据处理时,需要保留的字段(需把标题等传值过去,已删除数据这些查不到了)
    private static final String[] HOLD_FIELDS = new String[]{"ID", "SITE_ID", "COLUMN_ID", "RECORD_STATUS", "TITLE"};

  ... ... 省略

    private void send(MQDestination canalDestination, String topicName, Message messageSub) {
        if (!mqProperties.isFlatMessage()) {
            byte[] message = CanalMessageSerializerUtil.serializer(messageSub, mqProperties.isFilterTransactionEntry());
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("send message:{} to destination:{}", message, canalDestination.getCanalDestination());
            }
            sendMessage(topicName, message);
        } else {
            // 并发构造
            MQMessageUtils.EntryRowData[] datas = MQMessageUtils.buildMessageData(messageSub, buildExecutor);
            // 串行分区
            List<FlatMessage> flatMessages = MQMessageUtils.messageConverter(datas, messageSub.getId());
            for (FlatMessage flatMessage : flatMessages) {
                if (!OPERATE_TYPE.contains(flatMessage.getType())) {
                    continue;
                }
                // 只有设置的关键字段更新,才会触发消息发送
                if ("UPDATE".equals(flatMessage.getType())) {
                    List<Map<String, String>> olds = flatMessage.getOld();
                    if (olds.size() > 0) {
                        Map<String, String> param = olds.get(0);
                        // 判断更新字段是否包含重要字段,不包含则跳过
                        boolean isSkip = true;
                        for (String keyField : KEY_FIELDS) {
                            if (param.containsKey(keyField) || param.containsKey(keyField.toLowerCase())) {
                                isSkip = false;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        if (isSkip) {
                            continue;
                        }

                    }
                }

                // 取出data里面的ID和RECORD_STATUS,只保留这个字段的值,其余的舍弃
                if (null != flatMessage.getData()) {
                    List<Map<String, String>> data = flatMessage.getData();
                    if (!data.isEmpty()) {
                        List<Map<String, String>> newData = new ArrayList<>();
                        for(Map<String, String> map : data) {
                            Map<String, String> newMap = new HashMap<>(8);
                            for (String field : HOLD_FIELDS) {
                                if (map.containsKey(field) || map.containsKey(field.toLowerCase())) {
                                    newMap.put(field, map.get(field));
                                }
                            }
                            newData.add(newMap);
                        }
                        flatMessage.setData(newData);
                    }
                }
                // 不需要的字段注释掉,较少网络传输消耗
                flatMessage.setMysqlType(null);
                flatMessage.setSqlType(null);
                flatMessage.setOld(null);
                flatMessage.setIsDdl(null);
                logger.info("====================================");
                logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(flatMessage));
                byte[] message = JSON.toJSONBytes(flatMessage, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue);
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("send message:{} to destination:{}", message, canalDestination.getCanalDestination());
                }
                sendMessage(topicName, message);
            }
        }

    }

    ... ... 省略
}

微服务消费mq

  • 根据前面的mq配置,建立rabbitMQ连接
  • 根据前面设置好的exchangequeue,消费mq即可
  • 更新或删除索引
  • ack确认
  • 索引更新失败的,根据情况,nack或者存入失败表
  • 由于使用的Springboot版本较低,无法使用批量消费接口,只好使用拉模式,主动消费了
  • 部分代码
packagecn.lonsun.core.middleware.rabbitmq;importcn.lonsun.core.util.SpringContextHolder;importcn.lonsun.es.internal.service.IIndexService;importcn.lonsun.es.internal.service.impl.IndexServiceImpl;importcn.lonsun.es.vo.MessageVO;importcom.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;importcom.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;importcom.rabbitmq.client.Channel;importcom.rabbitmq.client.GetResponse;importorg.slf4j.Logger;importorg.slf4j.LoggerFactory;importorg.springframework.amqp.core.Message;importorg.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;importjava.io.IOException;importjava.util.ArrayList;importjava.util.List;/**
 * @author yanyulin
 * @ClassName: MessageListenerBean
 * @Description: RabbitMQ消息接收者
 * @date 2022-3-14 15:25
 * @version: 1.0
 */@ComponentpublicclassMessageListenerBeanimplementsChannelAwareMessageListener{privatestaticLogger log =LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageListenerBean.class);@AutowiredprivateRedisTemplate redisTemplate;// 一次处理多少条消息,考虑es写入性能(文本较大时,单个索引可能很大),一次处理200条,模拟剩余多少条,使用2privatestaticfinalint BATCH_DEAL_COUNT =2;// mq里待消费线程缓存KEYpublicstaticfinalString WAIT_DEAL ="wait_deal";// 集合编码privateString code;@OverridepublicvoidonMessage(Message message,Channel channel)throwsIOException{Thread thread=Thread.currentThread();long maxDeliveryTag =0;String queuName = message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue();// 消费前,更新剩余待消费消息数量
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(code +"_"+ WAIT_DEAL, channel.messageCount(queuName)+1);System.out.println("==============>"+ code +"="+ redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(code +"_"+ WAIT_DEAL));List<MessageVO> messageVOList =newArrayList<>();List<GetResponse> responseList =newArrayList<>();while(responseList.size()< BATCH_DEAL_COUNT){// 需要设置false,手动ackGetResponse getResponse = channel.basicGet(queuName,false);if(getResponse ==null){byte[] body = message.getBody();String str =newString(body);
                log.info(code +" deliveryTag:{} message:{}  ThreadId is:{}  ConsumerTag:{}  Queue:{} channel:{}",maxDeliveryTag,str,thread.getId(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerTag(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),channel.getChannelNumber());// 开始消费MessageVO messageVO =JSONObject.parseObject(str,MessageVO.class);
                log.debug("监听数据库cms_base_content表变更记录消息,消息内容: {} ", JSON.toJSONString(messageVO));
                messageVOList.add(messageVO);break;}
            responseList.add(getResponse);
            maxDeliveryTag = getResponse.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag();}try{if(!responseList.isEmpty()){for(GetResponse response : responseList){byte[] body = response.getBody();String str =newString(body);
                    log.info(code +" deliveryTag:{} message:{}  ThreadId is:{}  ConsumerTag:{}  Queue:{} channel:{}",maxDeliveryTag,str,thread.getId(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerTag(),message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue(),channel.getChannelNumber());// 开始消费MessageVO messageVO =JSONObject.parseObject(str,MessageVO.class);
                    log.debug("监听数据库cms_base_content表变更记录消息,消息内容: {} ", JSON.toJSONString(messageVO));
                    messageVOList.add(messageVO);}}IIndexService indexService =SpringContextHolder.getBean(IndexServiceImpl.class);
            indexService.batchDealIndex(messageVOList, code);
            channel.basicAck(maxDeliveryTag,true);// Ack后,更新剩余待消费消息数量
            redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(code +"_"+ WAIT_DEAL, channel.messageCount(queuName));System.out.println("==============>"+ code +"="+ redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(code +"_"+ WAIT_DEAL));}catch(Throwable e){
            log.error("监听前台访问记录消息,deliveryTag: {} ",maxDeliveryTag,e);//成功收到消息try{
                channel.basicNack(maxDeliveryTag,true,true);}catch(IOException e1){
                log.error("ack 异常, 消息队列可能出现无法消费情况, 请及时处理",e1);}}}publicMessageListenerBean(){}publicMessageListenerBean(String code){this.code = code;}}
标签: java canal rabbitmq

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/u010882234/article/details/123801227
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