使用Node.js手撸一个建静态Web服务器，内部CV指南

1. 文章里有全部代码，也可以积分下载
2. 操作步骤如上图
3. 文章结束

话说这个键盘真漂亮~~

文章目录

使用Node.js手撸一个建静态Web服务器

一、动静态服务器的概念

1.1 静态Web服务器概念

我们通常称静态Web服务器为静态网站，其主要特征就是服务器上的所有内容都是现成的，不需要后端做额外的处理。当我们向静态服务器发送网页请求时，服务器只需要根据我们的请求路径（URL），返回对应的

html

文件就行了。

静态网站是指全部由HTML（标准通用标记语言的子集）代码格式页面组成的网站，所有的内容包含在网页文件中。网页上也可以出现各种视觉动态效果，如GIF动画、FLASH动画、滚动字幕等，而网站主要是静态化的页面和代码组成，一般文件名均以htm、html、shtml等为后缀。—— 百度百科

与静态网站对应的是我们最常见的动态Web服务器，此类服务器最大的特征就是所有资源通常不是以

html

形式存储的，而是需要后端查询数据，组成网页之后再返回给用户，每个用户看到的内容可能是都不相同的。例如，在

Java

搭建的Web服务器中，我们可以使用

JSP

拼接网页，形成特定于用户的页面。

（1）动态网页以数据库技术为基础，可以大大降低网站维护的工作量；

（2）采用动态网页技术的网站可以实现更多的功能，如用户注册、用户登录、在线调查、用户管理、订单管理等等；

（3）动态网页实际上并不是独立存在于服务器上的网页文件，只有当用户请求时服务器才返回一个完整的网页；

（4）动态网页中的“？”搜索引擎一般不可能从一个网站的数据库中访问全部网页，或者出于技术方面的考虑，搜索蜘蛛不去抓取网址中“？”后面的内容，因此采用动态网页的网站在进行搜索引擎推广时需要做一定的技术处理才能适应搜索引擎的要求。

（5）静态网站因为没有和数据库连接，所以要有动态网站的效果就必须制作大量的网页，其中许多网页只能是虚假网页，根本实现不了动态网站的功能。

—— 百度百科

1.2 静态Web服务器的优点

由于静态服务器不需要后端数据库，所以结构非常简单，非常适合例如文档管理、博客等场景。就以写博客本身而言，我认为静态网站有以下特点：

1. 需要的服务器配置低，最基础的服务器就可以满足大部分人的性能需求；
2. 响应速度快，内容都是现成的html，直接访问即可获得结果；
3. 一个html对应一个url，内容稳定，容易被搜索引擎检索；
4. 制作简单，只需要在服务器搭建完成后，将文件防止指定位置即可；

以上有点都是针对静态博客系统而言的，如果使用纯静态服务器制作一个大型的其他类型网站可能代价比较大。

1.3 快速搭建的途径

如果个人希望快速搭建一个静态服务器，可以使用基于

Node.js

的

http-server

包，可以在一分钟内完成服务器的搭建，步骤如下：

1. 下载http-server包，记得全局安装

npm i http-server -g

1. 进入服务器文件夹，启动服务器

http-server -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9999

这样服务器就启动了，根目录就是启动服务器命令执行的目录。

访问

localhost:9999

就可以看到所有的文件了，下面是我的文件内容：

如果我们点击文件名，就会得到对应的文件，例如我们点击

*.html

，就可以得到网页：

这看起来就像是个

FTP

服务器，难道我们就止步于此了吗？

非也，一个合格的程序员都是要手撸才会快乐！！

二、 手撸指南

2.1 框架搭建

我们使用基础的

Node.js

内置模块即可完成搭建，所以不需要安装额外的工具包。

主要的工作是创建一个服务器目录，结构如下：

web_server/                    //根目录
    |- static/
    ||- css/
    |||- style.css    //样式
    ||- js/
    |||- common.js    //js
    ||- index.js            //主页
    |- app.js                 //服务器文件
    |- mime.json            //扩展名配置

2.2 Ctrl+C/V

1. app.js

const http =require('http');const fs =require('fs')const url =require('url')const path =require('path')

FileMimes =JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./mime.json').toString())

http.createServer(function(req, res){//1.获取地址let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname
    pathname = pathname =='/'?'/index.html': pathname
    let extname = path.extname(pathname)//2.fs读取文件if(pathname !='/favicon.ico'){
        fs.readFile('./static'+ pathname,async(err, data)=>{if(err){
                res.writeHead(404,{'Content-Type':'text/html;charset="utf-8"'})
                res.end(err.message)return}if(!err){// 3. 针对不同的文件返回不同的内容头let mime = FileMimes[extname]
                res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type': mime +';charset="utf-8"'})
                res.end(data)}})}}).listen(8081);

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

1. mime.json

{".323":"text/h323",".3gp":"video/3gpp",".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin",".aam":"application/x-authoware-map",".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg",".acx":"application/internet-property-stream",".ai":"application/postscript",".aif":"audio/x-aiff",".aifc":"audio/x-aiff",".aiff":"audio/x-aiff",".als":"audio/X-Alpha5",".amc":"application/x-mpeg",...//实在太长，就不贴这里了，文末有完整代码}

2.3 启动服务器

node ./app.js

启动效果如下：

PS E:\Code\Node\demos\03-static_web_server>node .\app.js   
Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/

访问

localhost:8081

即可得到

index.html

页面。

2.4 部署服务器（简单过程）

也可以部署到远端的服务器
1. 买服务器

当前流行的服务器提供商包括

• 腾讯云
• 阿里云
• 华为云

不过现在CSDN也来凑热闹了：CSDN云，CSDN好像是基于腾讯云的，价格上都差不多。

2. 买域名（非必须，可以使用IP直接访问）
3. 网站备案
4. 部署
静态网站的部署也非常简单，由于很少出错，而且需要经常启停上传新的博客文件，所以直接复制文件到服务器，然后使用

node ./app.js

就可以了。

代码下载

三、总结

基于

Node.js

的静态服务器搭建非常简单，我们可以使用

http-server

包，也可以基于

Node

手写代码。

手写代码最核心的内容是

mime.json

文件，也就是对于不同的文件类型，赋予

response

不同的返回头。

文章结束

下面是

mime.json

代码（老长了）：

{".323":"text/h323",".3gp":"video/3gpp",".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin",".aam":"application/x-authoware-map",".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg",".acx":"application/internet-property-stream",".ai":"application/postscript",".aif":"audio/x-aiff",".aifc":"audio/x-aiff",".aiff":"audio/x-aiff",".als":"audio/X-Alpha5",".amc":"application/x-mpeg",".ani":"application/octet-stream",".apk":"application/vnd.android.package-archive",".asc":"text/plain",".asd":"application/astound",".asf":"video/x-ms-asf",".asn":"application/astound",".asp":"application/x-asap",".asr":"video/x-ms-asf",".asx":"video/x-ms-asf",".au":"audio/basic",".avb":"application/octet-stream",".avi":"video/x-msvideo",".awb":"audio/amr-wb",".axs":"application/olescript",".bas":"text/plain",".bcpio":"application/x-bcpio",".bin ":"application/octet-stream",".bld":"application/bld",".bld2":"application/bld2",".bmp":"image/bmp",".bpk":"application/octet-stream",".bz2":"application/x-bzip2",".c":"text/plain",".cal":"image/x-cals",".cat":"application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat",".ccn":"application/x-cnc",".cco":"application/x-cocoa",".cdf":"application/x-cdf",".cer":"application/x-x509-ca-cert",".cgi":"magnus-internal/cgi",".chat":"application/x-chat",".class":"application/octet-stream",".clp":"application/x-msclip",".cmx":"image/x-cmx",".co":"application/x-cult3d-object",".cod":"image/cis-cod",".conf":"text/plain",".cpio":"application/x-cpio",".cpp":"text/plain",".cpt":"application/mac-compactpro",".crd":"application/x-mscardfile",".crl":"application/pkix-crl",".crt":"application/x-x509-ca-cert",".csh":"application/x-csh",".csm":"chemical/x-csml",".csml":"chemical/x-csml",".css":"text/css",".cur":"application/octet-stream",".dcm":"x-lml/x-evm",".dcr":"application/x-director",".dcx":"image/x-dcx",".der":"application/x-x509-ca-cert",".dhtml":"text/html",".dir":"application/x-director",".dll":"application/x-msdownload",".dmg":"application/octet-stream",".dms":"application/octet-stream",".doc":"application/msword",".docx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",".dot":"application/msword",".dvi":"application/x-dvi",".dwf":"drawing/x-dwf",".dwg":"application/x-autocad",".dxf":"application/x-autocad",".dxr":"application/x-director",".ebk":"application/x-expandedbook",".emb":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide",".embl":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide",".eps":"application/postscript",".epub":"application/epub+zip",".eri":"image/x-eri",".es":"audio/echospeech",".esl":"audio/echospeech",".etc":"application/x-earthtime",".etx":"text/x-setext",".evm":"x-lml/x-evm",".evy":"application/envoy",".exe":"application/octet-stream",".fh4":"image/x-freehand",".fh5":"image/x-freehand",".fhc":"image/x-freehand",".fif":"application/fractals",".flr":"x-world/x-vrml",".flv":"flv-application/octet-stream",".fm":"application/x-maker",".fpx":"image/x-fpx",".fvi":"video/isivideo",".gau":"chemical/x-gaussian-input",".gca":"application/x-gca-compressed",".gdb":"x-lml/x-gdb",".gif":"image/gif",".gps":"application/x-gps",".gtar":"application/x-gtar",".gz":"application/x-gzip",".h":"text/plain",".hdf":"application/x-hdf",".hdm":"text/x-hdml",".hdml":"text/x-hdml",".hlp":"application/winhlp",".hqx":"application/mac-binhex40",".hta":"application/hta",".htc":"text/x-component",".htm":"text/html",".html":"text/html",".hts":"text/html",".htt":"text/webviewhtml",".ice":"x-conference/x-cooltalk",".ico":"image/x-icon",".ief":"image/ief",".ifm":"image/gif",".ifs":"image/ifs",".iii":"application/x-iphone",".imy":"audio/melody",".ins":"application/x-internet-signup",".ips":"application/x-ipscript",".ipx":"application/x-ipix",".isp":"application/x-internet-signup",".it":"audio/x-mod",".itz":"audio/x-mod",".ivr":"i-world/i-vrml",".j2k":"image/j2k",".jad":"text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor",".jam":"application/x-jam",".jar":"application/java-archive",".java":"text/plain",".jfif":"image/pipeg",".jnlp":"application/x-java-jnlp-file",".jpe":"image/jpeg",".jpeg":"image/jpeg",".jpg":"image/jpeg",".jpz":"image/jpeg",".js":"application/x-javascript",".jwc":"application/jwc",".kjx":"application/x-kjx",".lak":"x-lml/x-lak",".latex":"application/x-latex",".lcc":"application/fastman",".lcl":"application/x-digitalloca",".lcr":"application/x-digitalloca",".lgh":"application/lgh",".lha":"application/octet-stream",".lml":"x-lml/x-lml",".lmlpack":"x-lml/x-lmlpack",".log":"text/plain",".lsf":"video/x-la-asf",".lsx":"video/x-la-asf",".lzh":"application/octet-stream",".m13":"application/x-msmediaview",".m14":"application/x-msmediaview",".m15":"audio/x-mod",".m3u":"audio/x-mpegurl",".m3url":"audio/x-mpegurl",".m4a":"audio/mp4a-latm",".m4b":"audio/mp4a-latm",".m4p":"audio/mp4a-latm",".m4u":"video/vnd.mpegurl",".m4v":"video/x-m4v",".ma1":"audio/ma1",".ma2":"audio/ma2",".ma3":"audio/ma3",".ma5":"audio/ma5",".man":"application/x-troff-man",".map":"magnus-internal/imagemap",".mbd":"application/mbedlet",".mct":"application/x-mascot",".mdb":"application/x-msaccess",".mdz":"audio/x-mod",".me":"application/x-troff-me",".mel":"text/x-vmel",".mht":"message/rfc822",".mhtml":"message/rfc822",".mi":"application/x-mif",".mid":"audio/mid",".midi":"audio/midi",".mif":"application/x-mif",".mil":"image/x-cals",".mio":"audio/x-mio",".mmf":"application/x-skt-lbs",".mng":"video/x-mng",".mny":"application/x-msmoney",".moc":"application/x-mocha",".mocha":"application/x-mocha",".mod":"audio/x-mod",".mof":"application/x-yumekara",".mol":"chemical/x-mdl-molfile",".mop":"chemical/x-mopac-input",".mov":"video/quicktime",".movie":"video/x-sgi-movie",".mp2":"video/mpeg",".mp3":"audio/mpeg",".mp4":"video/mp4",".mpa":"video/mpeg",".mpc":"application/vnd.mpohun.certificate",".mpe":"video/mpeg",".mpeg":"video/mpeg",".mpg":"video/mpeg",".mpg4":"video/mp4",".mpga":"audio/mpeg",".mpn":"application/vnd.mophun.application",".mpp":"application/vnd.ms-project",".mps":"application/x-mapserver",".mpv2":"video/mpeg",".mrl":"text/x-mrml",".mrm":"application/x-mrm",".ms":"application/x-troff-ms",".msg":"application/vnd.ms-outlook",".mts":"application/metastream",".mtx":"application/metastream",".mtz":"application/metastream",".mvb":"application/x-msmediaview",".mzv":"application/metastream",".nar":"application/zip",".nbmp":"image/nbmp",".nc":"application/x-netcdf",".ndb":"x-lml/x-ndb",".ndwn":"application/ndwn",".nif":"application/x-nif",".nmz":"application/x-scream",".nokia-op-logo":"image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color",".npx":"application/x-netfpx",".nsnd":"audio/nsnd",".nva":"application/x-neva1",".nws":"message/rfc822",".oda":"application/oda",".ogg":"audio/ogg",".oom":"application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin",".p10":"application/pkcs10",".p12":"application/x-pkcs12",".p7b":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates",".p7c":"application/x-pkcs7-mime",".p7m":"application/x-pkcs7-mime",".p7r":"application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp",".p7s":"application/x-pkcs7-signature",".pac":"audio/x-pac",".pae":"audio/x-epac",".pan":"application/x-pan",".pbm":"image/x-portable-bitmap",".pcx":"image/x-pcx",".pda":"image/x-pda",".pdb":"chemical/x-pdb",".pdf":"application/pdf",".pfr":"application/font-tdpfr",".pfx":"application/x-pkcs12",".pgm":"image/x-portable-graymap",".pict":"image/x-pict",".pko":"application/ynd.ms-pkipko",".pm":"application/x-perl",".pma":"application/x-perfmon",".pmc":"application/x-perfmon",".pmd":"application/x-pmd",".pml":"application/x-perfmon",".pmr":"application/x-perfmon",".pmw":"application/x-perfmon",".png":"image/png",".pnm":"image/x-portable-anymap",".pnz":"image/png",".pot,":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",".ppm":"image/x-portable-pixmap",".pps":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",".ppt":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",".pptx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation",".pqf":"application/x-cprplayer",".pqi":"application/cprplayer",".prc":"application/x-prc",".prf":"application/pics-rules",".prop":"text/plain",".proxy":"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",".ps":"application/postscript",".ptlk":"application/listenup",".pub":"application/x-mspublisher",".pvx":"video/x-pv-pvx",".qcp":"audio/vnd.qcelp",".qt":"video/quicktime",".qti":"image/x-quicktime",".qtif":"image/x-quicktime",".r3t":"text/vnd.rn-realtext3d",".ra":"audio/x-pn-realaudio",".ram":"audio/x-pn-realaudio",".rar":"application/octet-stream",".ras":"image/x-cmu-raster",".rc":"text/plain",".rdf":"application/rdf+xml",".rf":"image/vnd.rn-realflash",".rgb":"image/x-rgb",".rlf":"application/x-richlink",".rm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio",".rmf":"audio/x-rmf",".rmi":"audio/mid",".rmm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio",".rmvb":"audio/x-pn-realaudio",".rnx":"application/vnd.rn-realplayer",".roff":"application/x-troff",".rp":"image/vnd.rn-realpix",".rpm":"audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin",".rt":"text/vnd.rn-realtext",".rte":"x-lml/x-gps",".rtf":"application/rtf",".rtg":"application/metastream",".rtx":"text/richtext",".rv":"video/vnd.rn-realvideo",".rwc":"application/x-rogerwilco",".s3m":"audio/x-mod",".s3z":"audio/x-mod",".sca":"application/x-supercard",".scd":"application/x-msschedule",".sct":"text/scriptlet",".sdf":"application/e-score",".sea":"application/x-stuffit",".setpay":"application/set-payment-initiation",".setreg":"application/set-registration-initiation",".sgm":"text/x-sgml",".sgml":"text/x-sgml",".sh":"application/x-sh",".shar":"application/x-shar",".shtml":"magnus-internal/parsed-html",".shw":"application/presentations",".si6":"image/si6",".si7":"image/vnd.stiwap.sis",".si9":"image/vnd.lgtwap.sis",".sis":"application/vnd.symbian.install",".sit":"application/x-stuffit",".skd":"application/x-Koan",".skm":"application/x-Koan",".skp":"application/x-Koan",".skt":"application/x-Koan",".slc":"application/x-salsa",".smd":"audio/x-smd",".smi":"application/smil",".smil":"application/smil",".smp":"application/studiom",".smz":"audio/x-smd",".snd":"audio/basic",".spc":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates",".spl":"application/futuresplash",".spr":"application/x-sprite",".sprite":"application/x-sprite",".sdp":"application/sdp",".spt":"application/x-spt",".src":"application/x-wais-source",".sst":"application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore",".stk":"application/hyperstudio",".stl":"application/vnd.ms-pkistl",".stm":"text/html",".svg":"image/svg+xml",".sv4cpio":"application/x-sv4cpio",".sv4crc":"application/x-sv4crc",".svf":"image/vnd",".svg":"image/svg+xml",".svh":"image/svh",".svr":"x-world/x-svr",".swf":"application/x-shockwave-flash",".swfl":"application/x-shockwave-flash",".t":"application/x-troff",".tad":"application/octet-stream",".talk":"text/x-speech",".tar":"application/x-tar",".taz":"application/x-tar",".tbp":"application/x-timbuktu",".tbt":"application/x-timbuktu",".tcl":"application/x-tcl",".tex":"application/x-tex",".texi":"application/x-texinfo",".texinfo":"application/x-texinfo",".tgz":"application/x-compressed",".thm":"application/vnd.eri.thm",".tif":"image/tiff",".tiff":"image/tiff",".tki":"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