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使用kubeadm基于ubuntu20.04部署K8S v1.29集群

前言:根据目前CKA考试要求配置一个基础的练习环境。

       **· Ubuntu20.04**

** · Kubernetes v1.29.0**

** · Containerd**

一、硬件配置环境

下表是按照官方文档Kubernetes集群节点最低配置要求 。电脑资源允许可以适当调高配置。
RoleNameNumCPUMEM DISKSYSTEMIPmastermaster12C2G20GUbuntu 20.04.6 LTS192.168.10.60workernode0112C2G20GUbuntu 20.04.6 LTS192.168.10.61workernode0212C2G20GUbuntu 20.04.6 LTS192.168.10.62
二、系统环境准备(此部分在集群所有节点操作)

1、系统基础设置

sudo systemctl status ufw                                    #查看防火墙状态
sudo systemctl stop ufw                                      #关闭防火墙
sudo systemctl disable ufw                                   #禁止防火墙开机启动

sudo swapoff -a                                              #关闭swap分区
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab                          #禁用swap分区

hostnamectl set-hostname master                              #设置master主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname node01                              #设置node01主机名 
hostnamectl set-hostname node02                              #设置node02主机名

sudo echo 192.168.10.60 master >> /etc/hosts                 #设置master的host解析
sudo echo 192.168.10.61 node01 >> /etc/hosts                 #设置node01的host解析
sudo echo 192.168.10.62 node02 >> /etc/hosts                 #设置node02的host解析

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai                  #配置时区

2、安装时间同步服务

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y chrony
sudo systemctl start chrony
sudo systemctl status chrony
sudo systemctl enable chrony
sudo chronyc sourcestats -v

3、 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量设置

#转发IPv4并让iptables看到桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter

#设置所需的sysctl参数,参数在重新启动后保持不变
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
EOF

#应用sysctl参数而不重新启动
sudo sysctl --system

#检查确认br_netfilter和overlay模块被加载:
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
lsmod | grep overlay

#检查sysctl是否成功应用:
sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables net.ipv4.ip_forward

4、安装容器运行时Containerd

# 添加Docker'官方GPG key:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# 添加repository到Apt源:
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update

#安装containerd
sudo apt-get install containerd.io
#锁定containerd.io 版本
sudo apt-mark hold containerd.io
#生成containerd配置文件
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

#修改/etc/containerd/config.toml
#配置systemd cgroup驱动为true
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
  ...
     [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
        SystemdCgroup = true

#使用阿里云沙箱(pause)镜像替换原有配置
# registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/kubesec/pause:3.9
    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
       sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"

sudo systemctl restart containerd
sudo systemctl enable containerd
sudo systemctl status containerd

5、安装 kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl

#更新 apt 包索引并安装使用 Kubernetes apt 仓库所需要的包:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg

#下载用于 Kubernetes 软件包仓库的公共签名密钥。
#如果 `/etc/apt/keyrings` 目录不存在,则应在 curl 命令之前创建它。
# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

#添加 Kubernetes apt 仓库。 
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

#更新 apt 包索引,安装 kubelet、kubeadm 和 kubectl,并锁定其版本:
sudo apt-get update
apt-cache madison kubeadm
apt-get install -y kubelet=1.29.0-1.1 kubeadm=1.29.0-1.1 kubectl=1.29.0-1.1
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

三、kubeadm创建集群

从 v1.22 开始,在使用 kubeadm 创建集群时,如果用户没有在 KubeletConfiguration 下设置 cgroupDriver 字段,kubeadm 默认使用 systemd

1、初始化控制节点(只在master节点执行)

kubeadm init --control-plane-endpoint="master"  \
--kubernetes-version=v1.29.0 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/12 \
--token-ttl=0 \
--cri-socket unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--upload-certs

2、根据输出结果执行以下命令(只在master节点执行)

#要使非 root 用户可以运行 kubectl,请运行以下命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#root 用户,则可以运行:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

3、安装Pod网络插件Flannel(只在master节点执行)

#添加raw.githubusercontent.com地址解析
echo "185.199.109.133 raw.githubusercontent.com" >> /etc/hosts

#下载flannel.yml文件并应用
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

4、安装集群资源监控服务kube-metrics-server(只在master节点执行)

wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/latest/download/components.yaml
#将image: registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4
#替换成阿里镜像源:registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.6.4
mv components.yaml kube-metrics-server.yaml
kubectl apply -f kube-metrics-server.yaml

5、节点加入集群(node01和node02节点执行)

#执行控制节点输入的加入命令并加上参数--cri-socket /run/containerd/containerd.sock
kubeadm join master:6443 --token 3f6ssd.cj9ktdltvhu8myex \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:aa4568ba9d4d77b8804f78b6f5441a2269b5363b5145efe30e5c7307ea2ec0cc \
        --cri-socket /run/containerd/containerd.sock

6、查看集群节点和Pod状态

candidate@node01:~$ kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master   Ready      control-plane   1h    v1.29.0
node01   Ready      worker          1h    v1.29.0
node02   Ready      worker          1h    v1.29.0

candidate@node01:~$ kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE      NAME                              READY  STATUS    RESTARTS  AGE
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-2kcht             1/1    Running   0         1h
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-gd9j4             1/1    Running   0         1h             
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-ngg46             1/1    Running   0         1h
kube-system    coredns-857d9ff4c9-bg6pn          1/1    Running   0         1h  
kube-system    coredns-857d9ff4c9-rpr7b          1/1    Running   0         1h  
kube-system    etcd-master                       1/1    Running   0         1h
kube-system    kube-apiserver-master             1/1    Running   0         1h
kube-system    kube-controller-manager-master    1/1    Running   0         1h
kube-system    kube-proxy-5kwqj                  1/1    Running   0         1h
kube-system    kube-proxy-7p48k                  1/1    Running   0         1h 
kube-system    kube-proxy-f4lgd                  1/1    Running   0         1h     
kube-system    kube-scheduler-master             1/1    Running   0         1h
kube-system    metrics-server-579956c978-wjftf   1/1    Running   0         1h 
标签: ubuntu kubernetes linux

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/tiger0310119/article/details/138356244
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