Ubuntu进行换源

各种源大全 在此地

// 此源均只适用Ubuntu 18.04 版本，其他版本需要修改 bionic 为对应的Ubuntu版本
#阿里云源地址
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
#华为源地址
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
 
#中科大源地址
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 
#163源地址
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
#清华源地址
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

1. 原始源进行备份。 打开终端，输入以下命令以备份原有的配置文件（可选）：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup 

1. 编辑源文件配置文件：

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

1. 在文件中找到相应的镜像源地址，注释掉原有的地址，并添加新的地址。 例如，要将默认的镜像源修改为清华大学的镜像源，可以将原有的地址注释掉（在前面加上#），并添加以下内容：

// 接着进入清华镜像源网站：    https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/// 清华# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
#debhttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse/ 上海交大源
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse#debhttps://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse#deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

1. 保存文件并退出编辑器。
2. 更新软件包列表：

sudo apt-get update

• 实操中的问题与解决方案：

• 1、换源时的问题：

因为ROS安装采用的鱼香的快捷安装方法。

// 在换源过程中，通过修改该list内容来实现换源。/etc/apt/sources.list
// 修改好后保存退出，然后执行update
sudo apt-get update
// 可一直在此过程报错，403 E: 仓库 “http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu bionic InRelease”
E: 仓库 “https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros2/ubuntu bionic Release” 没有 Release 文件_无法解析域名“mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn”

解决方法：

// 将如下路径下的文件进行处理/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-fish.list
// 在此路径下执行：【也就是相当于将 ros-fish.list 删除】
hzx@vm:/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo mv ros-fish.list ros-fish.list.bak
// 之后在/etc/apt/sources.list 文件内各种换源，然后进行 update 可以成功。
sudo apt-get update  

• 2 sudo apt-get install ***package 无法定位软件包

在源码安装某包时，在catkin_ws/src 下执行 catkin_make时，会有出现如下报错：

很明显，就是缺少“moveit_visual_tools”包的依赖，安装即可以，
可以通过如下安装缺失的依赖包

// 常规操作
sudo apt-get install ros-melodic-moveit-visual-tools 
// 但出现如下问题：

这就说明在这个源下没有这个依赖包，需要换源。但此操作不同于【 经验 1、换源时的问题】，需要作如下修改：参考：ROS中无法定位软件包问题

// 进入到该路径下，创建/打开这个list文件，/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list
// 将如下填入文件内。【使用中科大的源，也可以尝试其他源】
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ bionic main

// 再次进行安装，发现有了这个依赖包
sudo apt-get install ros-melodic-moveit-visual-tools 

最终，在catkin_ws/src 下执行 catkin_make时，不会出现报错。