Nginx-反向代理（配置教程）

反向代理的作用

1、解决网站服务器对外可见的问题、私密性、安全性

2、路由功能：根据用户请求的URI调度到对应功能的节点处理请求

3、负载均衡：将用户的请求，通过调度算法挑选一台合适的节点处理请求

4、动静分离：根据用户请求的URI进行区分，将动态资源调度到应用服务器处理，将静态资源调度到静态资源服务器处理

5、数据缓存：加速网站的访问速度，减轻web服务器的负担。如果用户请求的内容在缓存中，可以直接在代理服务器中获取，加速用户的访问速度
web-01192.168.200.120web-02192.168.200.121

web-01安装、配置

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo << OK
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
OK

[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install nginx

[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@nginx conf.d]# mv default.conf{,.bak}
[root@nginx conf.d]# vim proxy_web.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.test.org;
  location / {
    proxy_pass http://192.168.200.121:80;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
}

[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/^user/c user www;' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
[root@nginx ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable nginx
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start nginx

[root@nginx ~]# ps -ef | grep -v "grep" | grep nginx
root       2282      1  0 13:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
www        2283   2282  0 13:04 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

web-02安装、配置

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo << OK
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
OK

[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install nginx

[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@nginx conf.d]# mv default.conf{,.bak}

[root@nginx conf.d]# vim web01-test.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.test.org;
    root /code/web01;
  location / {
    index index.html;
  }
}

[root@nginx conf.d]# mkdir -p /code/web01
[root@nginx conf.d]# echo "test-web01" >> /code/web01/index.html
[root@nginx conf.d]# chown -R www.www /code/

[root@nginx conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

[root@nginx conf.d]# systemctl enable nginx.service
[root@nginx conf.d]# systemctl start nginx.service 

访问测试、查看web-02日志

[root@nginx conf.d]# tailf /var/log/nginx/access.log 
192.168.200.120 - - [19/Jun/2023:13:12:12 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 11 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/114.0" "192.168.200.10"

使用wireshark抓包查看详细过程