[Vim][常用操作整理]详细讲解

目录

0.说明

• 为何是全英文？- 本篇文章为本人的一次尝试，之所以用全英文介绍，也是为了和读者一起熟悉全英文文档- 虽说是全英文的文档，但是还是很浅显易懂的- 如果有读者需要一份中文版本，可以评论或者私聊，我会考虑再出一份中文版本的
• 内容方面： - 本文整理出的操作，都是基础语法之外的一些操作及一些常用组合- 同时，部分操作我只给出了一个例子，其他操作是同理的，相信学过Vim基础的小伙伴是可以自己发散开的- 没有Vim基础的小伙伴，也不用担心，我后面会出Vim的基础教程~

1.Cursor Movement

• H：Home，move to top of screen
• M：Middle，move to middle of screen
• L：Low，move to bottom of screen
• 0：jump to the start of the line
• }：jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)
• {：jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)

2.Insert Mode

• ea：insert (append) at the end of the word
• Ctrl + h：delete the character before the cursor during insert mode
• Ctrl + w：delete the word before the cursor during insert mode
• Ctrl + j：begin new line during insert mode
• Ctrl + t：indent(move right) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
• Ctrl + d：de-indent(move left) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
• Ctrl + n：insert(auto-complete) next match before the cursor during insert mode
• Ctrl + p：insert(auto-complete) previous match before the cursor during insert mode
• Ctrl + rx：insert the contents of register x
• Ctrl + ox：Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command x.

3.Editing

• r：Replace，replace a single character.
• R：Replace Mode，replace more than one character, until ESC is pressed.
• J：Join，join line below to the current one with one space in between.
• gJ：join line below to the current one without space in between.
• gwip：reflow paragraph.
• xp：Transpose，transpose two letters(delete and paste).
• u：undo.
• U：Undo Line，restore (undo) last change line.

4.Marking Text (Visual Mode)

• v：start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
• V：start linewise visual mode.
• o：move to other end of marked area.
• Ctrl + v：start visual block mode.
• O：move to other corner of block.
• aw：mark a word.
• ab：a block with ().
• aB：a block with {}.
• at：a block with <> tags.
• ib：inner block with ().
• iB：inner block with {}.
• it：inner block with <> tags.
• Tip：Instead of b or B one can also use ( or {, respectively.

5.Visual commands (In Visual mode)

• >：shift text right
• <：shift text left
• y：yank (copy) marked text
• d：delete marked text
• ~：switch case
• u：change marked text to lowercase
• U：change marked text to uppercase
• Tip：Mark first, then operate

6.Registers

• Registers are being stored in ~/.viminfo, and will be loaded again on next restart of vim.
• Special registers： - 0：last yank- "：unnamed register, last delete or yank- %： current file name- #： alternate file name- *：clipboard contents (X11 primary)- +：clipboard contents (X11 clipboard)- /：last search pattern- :：last command-line- .：last inserted text- -：last small (less than a line) delete- =：expression register- _：black hole register

7.Mark and Positions

• :marks：list of marks - ma：set current position for mark A- a```：jump to position of mark A- ```y`a```：yank text to position of mark A- 0：go to the position where Vim was previously exited- ````"：go to the position when last editing this file- .```：go to the position of last editing this file- ``` ` ：go to the position before the last last jump
• :ju[mps]：list of jumps - Ctrl + i：go to newer position in jump list - Jump forward- Ctrl + o：go to older position in jump list - Jump backwards
• :changes：list of changes - g：go to newer position in change list- g;：go to older position in change list
• Ctrl + ]：jump to the tag under cursor - This is a common command for viewing code definitions in Vim.- When the cursor is over an identifier, such as a function name or variable name, use Ctrl + ]to jump to the definition of that identifier
• Tip：To jump to a mark you can either use a backtick (```````) or an apostrophe ('). Using an apostrophe jumps to the beginning (first non-blank) of the line holding the mark.

8.Macros

• qa：record macro a
• q：stop recording macro
• @a：run macro a
• @@：rerun last run macro

9.Cut and paste

• p：put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
• P：put (paste) before cursor
• gp：put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
• gP：put (paste) the clipboard before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
• d$ or D：delete (cut) to the end of the line

10.Indent text

• >>：indent (move right) line one shiftwidth
• <<：de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth
• >%：indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace) line one shiftwidth
• >ib：indent inner block with ()
• >at：indent a block with <> tags
• 3==：re-indent 3 lines
• =%：re-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
• =iB：re-indent inner block with {}
• gg=G：re-indent entire buffer
• ]p：paste and adjust indent to current line

11.Exiting

• :wqa：write (save) and quit on all tab

12.Search and replace

• @pattern：‘very magic’ pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
• :noh[lsearch]：remove highlighting of search matches

13.Diff

• za：toggle fold under the cursor
• zo：open fold under the cursor
• zc：close fold under the cursor
• zr：reduce (open) all folds by one level
• zm：fold more (close) all folds by one level
• zi：toggle folding functionality
• ]c：jump to start of next change
• [c：jump to start of previous change
• Tip：The commands for folding (e.g. za) operate on one level. To operate on all levels, use uppercase letters (e.g. zA)