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07 openEuler GNOME 桌面环境的安装和使用

07 openEuler GNOME 桌面环境的安装和使用

文章目录

本文介绍常用的
openEuler GNOME桌面环境的安装和使用方法,它提供美观易用、安全可靠的图形化操作界面,给用户带来更好的体验。

7.1 GNOME简介

GNOME是运行在类Unix操作系统中最常用桌面环境。是一个功能完善、操作简单,界面友好,集使用和开发为一身的桌面环境,是GNU计划的正式桌面。

从用户的角度看,GNOME是一个集成桌面环境和应用程序的套件。从开发者的角度看,它是一个应用程序开发框架(由数目众多的实用函数库组成)。即使用户不运行GNOME桌面环境,用GNOME编写的应用程序也可以正常运行。

GNOME既包含文件管理器,应用商店,文本编辑器等基础软件,也包含系统采样分析,系统日志,软件工程IDE,web浏览器,简洁虚拟机监视器,开发者文档浏览器等高级应用和工具。

7.2 GNOME安装方法

安装时,建议新建一个管理员用户。

前提:下载openEuler ISO镜像并安装系统,更新软件源(需要配置Everything源,以及EPOL源,下面命令是在最小化安装系统的情况下安装GNOME)

7.2.1 更新软件源

# dnf update -y

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf update -y
OS                                               43 kB/s |3.8 kB     00:00    
everything                                       44 kB/s |3.8 kB     00:00    
EPOL                                             34 kB/s |3.0 kB     00:00    
debuginfo                                        45 kB/s |3.8 kB     00:00    
source42 kB/s |3.8 kB     00:00    
update                                           42 kB/s |3.5 kB     00:00    
update                                           16 MB/s |28 MB     00:01    
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                               Arch   Version              Repo    Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
 NetworkManager                        x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203  update 2.2 M
 NetworkManager-config-server          noarch 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203  update  12 k
 NetworkManager-libnm                  x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203  update 1.6 M
 acl                                   x86_64 2.3.1-2.oe2203       update  51 k
 atk                                   x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203      update 262 k
 atk-devel                             x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203      update 196 k
 augeas                                x86_64 1.13.0-3.oe2203      update 376 k
 authselect                            x86_64 1.2.4-6.oe2203       update 189 k
 bash                                  x86_64 5.1.8-6.oe2203       update 1.2 M
 bc                                    x86_64 1.07.1-11.oe2203     update  89 k
 bind-libs                             x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 1.2 M
 bind-license                          noarch 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update  18 k
 bind-utils                            x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 178 k
 bluez-libs                            x86_64 5.54-15.oe2203       update  56 k
...
  selinux-policy-35.5-13.oe2203.noarch                                          
  selinux-policy-targeted-35.5-13.oe2203.noarch                                 
  sqlite-3.37.2-3.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  sssd-2.6.1-4.oe2203.x86_64                                                    
  sudo-1.9.8p2-4.oe2203.x86_64                                                  
  systemd-249-42.oe2203.x86_64                                                  
  systemd-container-249-42.oe2203.x86_64                                        
  systemd-help-249-42.oe2203.noarch                                             
  systemd-libs-249-42.oe2203.x86_64                                             
  systemd-udev-249-42.oe2203.x86_64                                             
  tcl-1:8.6.10-4.oe2203.x86_64                                                  
  tcpdump-14:4.99.1-4.oe2203.x86_64                                             
  time-1.9-8.oe2203.x86_64                                                      
  tzdata-2022a-7.oe2203.noarch                                                  
  unbound-libs-1.13.2-6.oe2203.x86_64                                           
  unzip-6.0-50.oe2203.x86_64                                                    
  vim-common-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                              
  vim-enhanced-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                            
  vim-filesystem-2:9.0-1.oe2203.noarch                                          
  vim-minimal-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                             
  wayland-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64                                               
  wayland-devel-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64                                         
  words-3.0-33.oe2203.noarch                                                    
  xz-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64                                                      
  xz-devel-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64                                                
  xz-libs-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  yajl-2.1.0-18.oe2203.x86_64                                                   
  yum-4.10.0-7.oe2203.noarch                                                    
  zlib-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64                                                  
  zlib-devel-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64                                            
Installed:
  duktape-2.6.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  elfutils-extra-0.185-13.oe2203.x86_64                                         
  grub2-tools-efi-1:2.06-15.oe2203.x86_64                                       
  kernel-5.10.0-60.68.0.93.oe2203.x86_64                                        

Complete![root@superman-21 ~]# 

7.2.2 安装字库

# dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts -y

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:39 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时05分15秒.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                              Arch   Version           Repository  Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 dejavu-fonts                         noarch 2.37-1.oe2203     OS         5.1 M
 gnu-free-mono-fonts                  noarch 20120503-21.oe2203
                                                               OS         428 k
 gnu-free-sans-fonts                  noarch 20120503-21.oe2203
                                                               OS         752 k
 gnu-free-serif-fonts                 noarch 20120503-21.oe2203
                                                               OS         1.5 M
 google-crosextra-carlito-fonts       noarch 1.103-1.0.20130920.oe2203
                                                               everything 817 k
 google-droid-kufi-fonts              noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS          70 k
 google-droid-sans-fonts              noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS         2.4 M
 google-droid-sans-mono-fonts         noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS          81 k
 google-droid-serif-fonts             noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS         517 k
 google-noto-cjk-fonts                noarch 20170602-9.oe2203 OS          10 k
 google-noto-emoji-fonts              noarch 20200916-3.oe2203 OS          10 M
 google-noto-kufi-arabic-fonts        noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything  70 k
 google-noto-music-fonts              noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything  51 k
 google-noto-naskh-arabic-fonts       noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 198 k
 google-noto-naskh-arabic-ui-fonts    noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 205 k
 google-noto-nastaliq-urdu-fonts      noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything 315 k
 google-noto-sans-adlam-fonts         noarch 20181223-1.oe2203 everything  41 k
...
  google-noto-serif-gurmukhi-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                  
  google-noto-serif-hebrew-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                       
  google-noto-serif-hebrew-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                    
  google-noto-serif-jp-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch                           
  google-noto-serif-kannada-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                      
  google-noto-serif-kannada-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                   
  google-noto-serif-khmer-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                        
  google-noto-serif-khmer-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                     
  google-noto-serif-kr-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch                           
  google-noto-serif-lao-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                          
  google-noto-serif-lao-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                       
  google-noto-serif-malayalam-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                    
  google-noto-serif-myanmar-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                      
  google-noto-serif-myanmar-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                   
  google-noto-serif-sc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch                           
  google-noto-serif-sinhala-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                      
  google-noto-serif-sinhala-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                   
  google-noto-serif-tamil-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                        
  google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                
  google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch             
  google-noto-serif-tamil-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                     
  google-noto-serif-tc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch                           
  google-noto-serif-telugu-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                       
  google-noto-serif-thai-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                         
  google-noto-serif-thai-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                      
  google-noto-serif-tibetan-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                      
  google-noto-serif-tibetan-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                   
  google-noto-serif-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch                           
  google-roboto-slab-fonts-1.100263-0.9.20150923git.oe2203.noarch               
  liberation-fonts-1:2.00.5-4.oe2203.noarch                                     

Complete![root@superman-21 ~]# 

7.2.3 安装Xorg

# dnf install xorg-* -y

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install xorg-* -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:38:02 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时05分15秒.
Package xorg-x11-proto-devel-2021.5-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                            Arch   Version             Repository  Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 xorg-x11-apps                      x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203       everything 238 k
 xorg-x11-apps-debuginfo            x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203       debuginfo  554 k
 xorg-x11-apps-debugsource          x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203       debuginfo  246 k
 xorg-x11-apps-help                 x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203       everything  65 k
 xorg-x11-drivers                   x86_64 7.7-28.oe2203       OS         7.8 k
 xorg-x11-drv-ati                   x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203     OS         156 k
 xorg-x11-drv-ati-debuginfo         x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203     debuginfo  749 k
 xorg-x11-drv-ati-debugsource       x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203     debuginfo  222 k
 xorg-x11-drv-ati-help              noarch 19.1.0-3.oe2203     everything 329 k
 xorg-x11-drv-dummy                 x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203      OS          15 k
 xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debuginfo       x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203      debuginfo   47 k
 xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debugsource     x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203      debuginfo   16 k
...                             
  xorg-x11-util-macros-1.19.3-1.oe2203.noarch                                   
  xorg-x11-utils-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64                                           
  xorg-x11-utils-debuginfo-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64                                 
  xorg-x11-utils-debugsource-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64                               
  xorg-x11-utils-help-7.5-31.oe2203.noarch                                      
  xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                          
  xorg-x11-xauth-debuginfo-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                
  xorg-x11-xauth-debugsource-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                              
  xorg-x11-xauth-help-1:1.1-1.oe2203.noarch                                     
  xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.2-1.oe2203.noarch                                       
  xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                          
  xorg-x11-xinit-debuginfo-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                
  xorg-x11-xinit-debugsource-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                              
  xorg-x11-xinit-help-1.4.1-1.oe2203.noarch                                     
  xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64                                       
  xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debuginfo-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64                             
  xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debugsource-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64                           
  xorg-x11-xkb-utils-devel-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64                                 
  xorg-x11-xkb-utils-help-7.7-30.oe2203.noarch                                  
  xorg-x11-xtrans-devel-1.4.0-1.oe2203.noarch                                   

Complete![root@superman-21 ~]# 

这可能会安装很多没用的包,可以使用下面的命令安装必要的xorg相关包

# dnf install xorg-x11-apps xorg-x11-drivers xorg-x11-drv-ati \
    xorg-x11-drv-dummy xorg-x11-drv-evdev xorg-x11-drv-fbdev xorg-x11-drv-intel \
    xorg-x11-drv-libinput xorg-x11-drv-nouveau xorg-x11-drv-qxl \
    xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy xorg-x11-drv-v4l xorg-x11-drv-vesa \
    xorg-x11-drv-vmware xorg-x11-drv-wacom xorg-x11-fonts xorg-x11-fonts-others \
    xorg-x11-font-utils xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils xorg-x11-server-Xephyr \
    xorg-x11-server-Xspice xorg-x11-util-macros xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth \
    xorg-x11-xbitmaps xorg-x11-xinit xorg-x11-xkb-utils -y

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install xorg-x11-apps xorg-x11-drivers xorg-x11-drv-ati \> xorg-x11-drv-dummy xorg-x11-drv-evdev xorg-x11-drv-fbdev xorg-x11-drv-intel \> xorg-x11-drv-libinput xorg-x11-drv-nouveau xorg-x11-drv-qxl \> xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy xorg-x11-drv-v4l xorg-x11-drv-vesa \> xorg-x11-drv-vmware xorg-x11-drv-wacom xorg-x11-fonts xorg-x11-fonts-others \> xorg-x11-font-utils xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils xorg-x11-server-Xephyr \> xorg-x11-server-Xspice xorg-x11-util-macros xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth \> xorg-x11-xbitmaps xorg-x11-xinit xorg-x11-xkb-utils -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:04 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时45分35秒.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                        Arch    Version               Repository   Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 xorg-x11-apps                  x86_64  7.7-23.oe2203         everything  238 k
 xorg-x11-drivers               x86_64  7.7-28.oe2203         OS          7.8 k
 xorg-x11-drv-ati               x86_64  19.1.0-3.oe2203       OS          156 k
 xorg-x11-drv-dummy             x86_64  0.3.8-1.oe2203        OS           15 k
 xorg-x11-drv-evdev             x86_64  2.10.6-4.oe2203       OS          113 k
 xorg-x11-drv-fbdev             x86_64  0.5.0-5.oe2203        OS           28 k
 xorg-x11-drv-intel             x86_64  2.99.917-45.oe2203    OS          662 k
 xorg-x11-drv-libinput          x86_64  1.2.0-1.oe2203        OS           70 k
 xorg-x11-drv-nouveau           x86_64  1:1.0.17-1.oe2203     OS          285 k
 xorg-x11-drv-qxl               x86_64  0.1.5-14.oe2203       OS           86 k
 xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy  x86_64  1.9.1-3.oe2203        EPOL         67 k
 xorg-x11-drv-v4l               x86_64  0.3.0-1.oe2203        OS           17 k
 xorg-x11-drv-vesa              x86_64  2.5.0-1.oe2203        OS           20 k
 xorg-x11-drv-vmware            x86_64  13.3.0-2.oe2203       OS           77 k
 xorg-x11-drv-wacom             x86_64  0.40.0-1.oe2203       OS           91 k
 xorg-x11-font-utils            x86_64  1:7.5-43.oe2203       OS           85 k
 xorg-x11-fonts                 noarch  7.5-24.oe2203         OS           15 M
 xorg-x11-fonts-others          noarch  7.5-24.oe2203         OS          7.4 M
 xorg-x11-server                x86_64  1.20.11-12.oe2203     update      1.4 M
 xorg-x11-server-Xephyr         x86_64  1.20.11-12.oe2203     update      966 k
 xorg-x11-server-Xspice         x86_64  0.1.5-14.oe2203       everything  100 k
 xorg-x11-server-utils          x86_64  7.7-29.oe2203         OS          130 k
 xorg-x11-util-macros           noarch  1.19.3-1.oe2203       everything   53 k
 xorg-x11-utils                 x86_64  7.5-31.oe2203         OS          100 k
 xorg-x11-xauth                 x86_64  1:1.1-1.oe2203        OS           27 k
 xorg-x11-xbitmaps              noarch  1.1.2-1.oe2203        everything   43 k
 xorg-x11-xinit                 x86_64  1.4.1-1.oe2203        OS           50 k
 xorg-x11-xkb-utils             x86_64  7.7-30.oe2203         update      162 k
Installing dependencies:
 alsa-lib                       x86_64  1.2.5.1-1.oe2203      OS          454 k
 autoconf                       noarch  2.71-2.oe2203         OS          663 k
 automake                       noarch  1.16.5-3.oe2203       OS          460 k
 cdparanoia-libs                x86_64  10.2-31.oe2203        OS           49 k
 graphene                       x86_64  1.10.6-1.oe2203       OS           59 k
 gstreamer1                     x86_64  1.19.3-1.oe2203       OS          1.3 M
 gstreamer1-plugins-base        x86_64  1.18.4-3.oe2203       OS          2.0 M
 iso-codes                      noarch  4.7.0-1.oe2203        OS          3.7 M
 libICE                         x86_64  1.0.10-4.oe2203       update       53 k
 libSM                          x86_64  1.2.3-4.oe2203        update       23 k
 libXScrnSaver                  x86_64  1.2.3-4.oe2203        OS           14 k
 libXaw                         x86_64  1.0.14-1.oe2203       OS          160 k
 libXdmcp                       x86_64  1.1.3-4.oe2203        update       19 k
 libXfont2                      x86_64  2.0.5-1.oe2203        OS          144 k
 libXmu                         x86_64  1.1.3-1.oe2203        OS           54 k
 libXpm                         x86_64  3.5.13-1.oe2203       OS           41 k
 libXt                          x86_64  1.2.1-1.oe2203        OS          168 k
 libXv                          x86_64  1.0.11-11.oe2203      OS           17 k
 libXvMC                        x86_64  1.0.12-1.oe2203       OS           21 k
 libXxf86dga                    x86_64  1.1.5-1.oe2203        OS           18 k
 libXxf86vm                     x86_64  1.1.4-13.oe2203       OS           16 k
 libdmx                         x86_64  1.1.4-6.oe2203        OS           15 k
 libevdev                       x86_64  1.11.0-2.oe2203       OS           38 k
 libfontenc                     x86_64  1.1.4-2.oe2203        OS           19 k
 libglvnd                       x86_64  1:1.3.4-2.oe2203      OS           64 k
 libglvnd-egl                   x86_64  1:1.3.4-2.oe2203      OS           39 k
 libglvnd-glx                   x86_64  1:1.3.4-2.oe2203      OS          112 k
 libgudev                       x86_64  237-1.oe2203          OS           32 k
 libinput                       x86_64  1.19.2-2.oe2203       update      187 k
 libogg                         x86_64  2:1.3.5-1.oe2203      OS           31 k
 libtheora                      x86_64  1:1.1.1-25.oe2203     OS          157 k
 libtool                        x86_64  2.4.6-34.oe2203       OS          584 k
 libunwind                      x86_64  2:1.5.0-2.oe2203      update       54 k
 libvisual                      x86_64  1:0.4.0-27.oe2203     OS          149 k
 libvorbis                      x86_64  1:1.3.7-2.oe2203      OS          182 k
 libwacom                       x86_64  1.12-1.oe2203         OS           44 k
 libwacom-data                  noarch  1.12-1.oe2203         OS           99 k
 libxkbfile                     x86_64  1.1.0-4.oe2203        update       84 k
 libxshmfence                   x86_64  1.3-7.oe2203          update       12 k
 llvm-libs                      x86_64  12.0.1-2.oe2203       OS           23 M
 mcpp                           x86_64  2.7.2-28.oe2203       OS           77 k
 mesa-libEGL                    x86_64  21.3.1-1.oe2203       OS          104 k
 mesa-libGL                     x86_64  21.3.1-1.oe2203       OS          139 k
 mesa-libgbm                    x86_64  21.3.1-1.oe2203       OS           32 k
 mesa-libglapi                  x86_64  21.3.1-1.oe2203       OS           31 k
 mesa-libxatracker              x86_64  21.3.1-1.oe2203       OS          1.9 M
 mtdev                          x86_64  1.1.6-2.oe2203        OS           19 k
 opus                           x86_64  1.3.1-3.oe2203        update      205 k
 orc                            x86_64  0.4.32-1.oe2203       OS          161 k
 sgml-common                    noarch  0.6.3-51.oe2203       OS           53 k
 spice-server                   x86_64  0.14.3-3.oe2203       everything  364 k
 xcb-util                       x86_64  0.4.0-13.oe2203       OS           16 k
 xcb-util-image                 x86_64  0.4.0-12.oe2203       OS           17 k
 xcb-util-keysyms               x86_64  0.4.0-10.oe2203       OS           13 k
 xcb-util-renderutil            x86_64  0.3.9-13.oe2203       OS           16 k
 xcb-util-wm                    x86_64  0.4.1-15.oe2203       OS           28 k
 xorg-x11-server-common         x86_64  1.20.11-12.oe2203     update       26 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  85 Packages

Total download size: 64 M
Installed size: 186 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/85): alsa-lib-1.2.5.1-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm    1.4 MB/s |454 kB     00:00    
(2/85): automake-1.16.5-3.oe2203.noarch.rpm     1.4 MB/s |460 kB     00:00    
(3/85): cdparanoia-libs-10.2-31.oe2203.x86_64.r 854 kB/s |49 kB     00:00    
(4/85): graphene-1.10.6-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm     1.0 MB/s |59 kB     00:00    
(5/85): autoconf-2.71-2.oe2203.noarch.rpm       1.3 MB/s |663 kB     00:00    
(6/85): gstreamer1-1.19.3-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm   7.1 MB/s |1.3 MB     00:00    
(7/85): libXScrnSaver-1.2.3-4.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 299 kB/s |14 kB     00:00    
(8/85): libXaw-1.0.14-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm       3.0 MB/s |160 kB     00:00    
(9/85): libXfont2-2.0.5-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm     3.0 MB/s |144 kB     00:00    
(10/85): libXmu-1.1.3-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm       1.2 MB/s |54 kB     00:00    
(11/85): gstreamer1-plugins-base-1.18.4-3.oe220 4.7 MB/s |2.0 MB     00:00    
(12/85): libXpm-3.5.13-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm      848 kB/s |41 kB     00:00    
(13/85): libXt-1.2.1-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm        3.5 MB/s |168 kB     00:00    
(14/85): libXv-1.0.11-11.oe2203.x86_64.rpm      351 kB/s |17 kB     00:00    
(15/85): libXvMC-1.0.12-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm     427 kB/s |21 kB     00:00    
(16/85): libXxf86dga-1.1.5-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm  390 kB/s |18 kB     00:00    
(17/85): libdmx-1.1.4-6.oe2203.x86_64.rpm       356 kB/s |15 kB     00:00    
(18/85): libXxf86vm-1.1.4-13.oe2203.x86_64.rpm  353 kB/s |16 kB     00:00    
...
  xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1:1.0.17-1.oe2203.x86_64                                 
  xorg-x11-drv-qxl-0.1.5-14.oe2203.x86_64                                       
  xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy-1.9.1-3.oe2203.x86_64                           
  xorg-x11-drv-v4l-0.3.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                        
  xorg-x11-drv-vesa-2.5.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                       
  xorg-x11-drv-vmware-13.3.0-2.oe2203.x86_64                                    
  xorg-x11-drv-wacom-0.40.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                     
  xorg-x11-font-utils-1:7.5-43.oe2203.x86_64                                    
  xorg-x11-fonts-7.5-24.oe2203.noarch                                           
  xorg-x11-fonts-others-7.5-24.oe2203.noarch                                    
  xorg-x11-server-1.20.11-12.oe2203.x86_64                                      
  xorg-x11-server-Xephyr-1.20.11-12.oe2203.x86_64                               
  xorg-x11-server-Xspice-0.1.5-14.oe2203.x86_64                                 
  xorg-x11-server-common-1.20.11-12.oe2203.x86_64                               
  xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-29.oe2203.x86_64                                    
  xorg-x11-util-macros-1.19.3-1.oe2203.noarch                                   
  xorg-x11-utils-7.5-31.oe2203.x86_64                                           
  xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                          
  xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.2-1.oe2203.noarch                                       
  xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                          
  xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64                                       

Complete![root@superman-21 ~]# 

7.2.4 安装GNOME及组件

# dnf install adwaita-icon-theme atk atkmm at-spi2-atk at-spi2-core baobab \
    abattis-cantarell-fonts cheese clutter clutter-gst3 clutter-gtk cogl dconf \
    dconf-editor devhelp eog epiphany evince evolution-data-server file-roller folks \
    gcab gcr gdk-pixbuf2 gdm gedit geocode-glib gfbgraph gjs glib2 glibmm24 \
    glib-networking gmime30 gnome-autoar gnome-backgrounds gnome-bluetooth \
    gnome-builder gnome-calculator gnome-calendar gnome-characters \
    gnome-clocks gnome-color-manager gnome-contacts gnome-control-center \
    gnome-desktop3 gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-getting-started-docs \
    gnome-initial-setup gnome-keyring gnome-logs gnome-menus gnome-music \
    gnome-online-accounts gnome-online-miners gnome-photos gnome-remote-desktop \
    gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell \
    gnome-shell-extensions gnome-software gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal \
    gnome-tour gnome-user-docs gnome-user-share gnome-video-effects \
    gnome-weather gobject-introspection gom grilo grilo-plugins \
    gsettings-desktop-schemas gsound gspell gssdp gtk3 gtk4 gtk-doc gtkmm30 \
    gtksourceview4 gtk-vnc2 gupnp gupnp-av gupnp-dlna gvfs json-glib libchamplain \
    libdazzle libgdata libgee libgnomekbd libgsf libgtop2 libgweather libgxps libhandy \
    libmediaart libnma libnotify libpeas librsvg2 libsecret libsigc++20 libsoup \
    mm-common mutter nautilus orca pango pangomm libphodav python3-pyatspi \
    python3-gobject rest rygel simple-scan sushi sysprof tepl totem totem-pl-parser \
    tracker3 tracker3-miners vala vte291 yelp yelp-tools \
    yelp-xsl zenity-y

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# dnf install adwaita-icon-theme atk atkmm at-spi2-atk at-spi2-core baobab \> abattis-cantarell-fonts cheese clutter clutter-gst3 clutter-gtk cogl dconf \> dconf-editor devhelp eog epiphany evince evolution-data-server file-roller folks \> gcab gcr gdk-pixbuf2 gdm gedit geocode-glib gfbgraph gjs glib2 glibmm24 \> glib-networking gmime30 gnome-autoar gnome-backgrounds gnome-bluetooth \> gnome-builder gnome-calculator gnome-calendar gnome-characters \> gnome-clocks gnome-color-manager gnome-contacts gnome-control-center \> gnome-desktop3 gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-getting-started-docs \> gnome-initial-setup gnome-keyring gnome-logs gnome-menus gnome-music \> gnome-online-accounts gnome-online-miners gnome-photos gnome-remote-desktop \> gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell \> gnome-shell-extensions gnome-software gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal \> gnome-tour gnome-user-docs gnome-user-share gnome-video-effects \> gnome-weather gobject-introspection gom grilo grilo-plugins \> gsettings-desktop-schemas gsound gspell gssdp gtk3 gtk4 gtk-doc gtkmm30 \> gtksourceview4 gtk-vnc2 gupnp gupnp-av gupnp-dlna gvfs json-glib libchamplain \> libdazzle libgdata libgee libgnomekbd libgsf libgtop2 libgweather libgxps libhandy \> libmediaart libnma libnotify libpeas librsvg2 libsecret libsigc++20 libsoup \> mm-common mutter nautilus orca pango pangomm libphodav python3-pyatspi \> python3-gobject rest rygel simple-scan sushi sysprof tepl totem totem-pl-parser \> tracker3 tracker3-miners vala vte291 yelp yelp-tools \> yelp-xsl zenity-y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:07 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 15时45分35秒.
Package adwaita-icon-theme-41.0-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package atk-2.36.0-2.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package at-spi2-atk-2.38.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package at-spi2-core-2.42.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package abattis-cantarell-fonts-0.301-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package dconf-0.40.0-3.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gcr-3.41.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gdk-pixbuf2-2.42.6-4.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package glib2-2.68.1-11.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gobject-introspection-1.70.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gtk3-3.24.30-5.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package libsecret-0.20.4-1.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package pango-1.49.3-3.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Package python3-gobject-3.42.0-2.oe2203.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                     Arch   Version                    Repository  Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 atkmm                       x86_64 2.28.1-1.oe2203            everything  83 k
 baobab                      x86_64 3.38.0-1.oe2203            EPOL       372 k
 cheese                      x86_64 2:3.38.0-1.oe2203          everything  88 k
 clutter                     x86_64 1.26.4-1.oe2203            OS         1.0 M
 clutter-gst3                x86_64 3.0.27-1.oe2203            OS          79 k
 clutter-gtk                 x86_64 1.8.4-6.oe2203             OS          44 k
 cogl                        x86_64 1.22.8-1.oe2203            OS         450 k
 dconf-editor                x86_64 3.38.3-1.oe2203            OS         643 k
 devhelp                     x86_64 1:3.38.1-5.oe2203          everything 310 k
 eog                         x86_64 3.38.3-3.oe2203            OS         3.3 M
 epiphany                    x86_64 1:40.6-1.oe2203            update     2.2 M
 evince                      x86_64 3.38.2-1.oe2203            OS         2.5 M
 evolution-data-server       x86_64 3.38.4-2.oe2203            OS         2.1 M
 file-roller                 x86_64 3.38.1-1.oe2203            OS         864 k
 folks                       x86_64 1:0.15.2-2.oe2203          everything 548 k
 gcab                        x86_64 1.4-2.oe2203               everything  79 k
 gdm                         x86_64 1:3.38.2.1-5.oe2203        OS         816 k
 gedit                       x86_64 1:3.38.2-3.oe2203          EPOL       2.5 M
 geocode-glib                x86_64 3.26.2-3.oe2203            OS          63 k
 gfbgraph                    x86_64 0.2.4-2.oe2203             everything  38 k
 gjs                         x86_64 1.71.1-1.oe2203            OS         463 k
 glib-networking             x86_64 2.68.1-2.oe2203            OS         159 k
...
  urw-base35-standard-symbols-ps-fonts-20200910-1.oe2203.noarch                 
  urw-base35-z003-fonts-20200910-1.oe2203.noarch                                
  usbmuxd-1.1.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  util-linux-devel-2.37.2-5.oe2203.x86_64                                       
  vala-0.50.8-4.oe2203.x86_64                                                   
  vala-devel-0.50.8-4.oe2203.x86_64                                             
  vdo-6.2.0.298-13.oe2203.x86_64                                                
  vid.stab-1.1.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                                
  vino-3.22.0-12.oe2203.x86_64                                                  
  vo-amrwbenc-0.1.3-1.oe2203.x86_64                                             
  volume_key-0.3.12-3.oe2203.x86_64                                             
  vte291-0.62.3-1.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  vulkan-loader-1.1.92.0-2.oe2203.x86_64                                        
  wavpack-5.3.0-2.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  wavpack-help-5.3.0-2.oe2203.noarch                                            
  wayland-devel-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64                                         
  wayland-protocols-devel-1.24-2.oe2203.noarch                                  
  webkit2gtk3-2.32.1-3.oe2203.x86_64                                            
  webkit2gtk3-jsc-2.32.1-3.oe2203.x86_64                                        
  woff2-1.0.2-6.oe2203.x86_64                                                   
  wpa_supplicant-1:2.6-30.oe2203.x86_64                                         
  wpebackend-fdo-1.6.1-1.oe2203.x86_64                                          
  x264-libs-0.157-13.20190717git34c06d1_bootstrap.oe2203.x86_64                 
  x265-3.4-2.oe2203.x86_64                                                      
  xdg-dbus-proxy-0.1.2-1.oe2203.x86_64                                          
  xdg-desktop-portal-1.7.2-2.oe2203.x86_64                                      
  xdg-desktop-portal-gtk-1.8.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                  
  xdg-user-dirs-0.17-3.oe2203.x86_64                                            
  xorg-x11-proto-devel-2021.5-1.oe2203.noarch                                   
  xvidcore-1.3.7-1.oe2203.x86_64                                                
  xz-devel-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64                                                
  yelp-2:3.38.3-1.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  yelp-tools-3.38.0-1.oe2203.noarch                                             
  yelp-xsl-3.38.3-1.oe2203.noarch                                               
  zenity-3.41.0-1.oe2203.x86_64                                                 
  zimg-2.9.3-2.oe2203.x86_64                                                    
  zvbi-0.2.35-7.oe2203.x86_64                                                   
  zziplib-0.13.71-3.oe2203.x86_64                                               

Complete![root@superman-21 ~]# 

7.2.5 启动gdm显示管理器

# systemctl enable gdm

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl enable gdm[root@superman-21 ~]# 

7.2.6 设置系统默认以图形界面登录

# systemctl set-default graphical.target

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
[root@superman-21 ~]# 

7.2.7 重启生效

# reboot

示例命令如下:

[root@superman-21 ~]# reboot

7.3 GNOME图形界面

image-20221203155745289

image-20221203155938778

7.4 问题处理

  • 当gdm不能工作
  1. 如果默认安装了gdm,则停用gdm
# systemctl disable gdm
  1. 安装lightdm显示管理器替代
# dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk -y
  1. 设置默认桌面为GNOME,通过root权限用户设置
# echo 'user-session=gnome' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
  1. 启动lightdm显示管理器
# systemctl enable lightdm
  1. 设置系统默认以图形界面登录
# systemctl set-default graphical.target
  1. 重启验证
# reboot

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/shuchaoyang/article/details/128926295
版权归原作者 superman超哥 所有, 如有侵权,请联系我们删除。

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