Django(一)简单的个人博客搭建实战

前言

本章主要讲述基于Django框架上，搭建一个比较简单的个人博客

ps：觉得页面太丑了的话大家可以自己优化，前端我这里没套框架直接用的原生css+html
我的审美止于此了 - -

github源码地址：https://github.com/Burden1/Mikasa_simple_blog

环境：

python 3.6
Pycharm
Django 2.0.13
mysql 5.7

一、Django框架介绍

1、创建Django项目

直接在pycharm里新建一个Django项目即可

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2、框架简要介绍

创建完后会自动生成Django的框架，那我们这part就简单介绍一下各个文件是干啥的

在这里插入图片描述

二、框架搭建

1、后台搭建

1.1）settings.py

在这里插入图片描述

"""
Django settings for MyDjango project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.13.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""import os
from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

SECRET_KEY ='django-insecure-^p87-rpgr!ujeb6+9&3n_5dj*(h9313n8801uss$vvwloqic_z'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG =True

ALLOWED_HOSTS =[]# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS =['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles',# 应用配置'MyBlog.apps.MyblogConfig',]

MIDDLEWARE =['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',]

ROOT_URLCONF ='MyDjango.urls'

TEMPLATES =[{'BACKEND':'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS':[os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],'APP_DIRS':True,'OPTIONS':{'context_processors':['django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},},]

WSGI_APPLICATION ='MyDjango.wsgi.application'# Database# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases# 1、改为你自己的数据库配置
DATABASES ={'default':{'ENGINE':'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME':'myblog','USER':'root','PASSWORD':'yy1998123','HOST':'127.0.0.1','PORT':'3306',}}# Password validation# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS =[{'NAME':'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},{'NAME':'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},{'NAME':'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},{'NAME':'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',},]# Internationalization# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE ='en-us'

TIME_ZONE ='UTC'

USE_I18N =True

USE_L10N =True

USE_TZ =True# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL ='/static/'# Default primary key field type# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD ='django.db.models.BigAutoField'

1.2）model.py

"""
    数据库表模型类
"""
from __future__ importunicode_literals
from django.db importmodelsclassCategory(models.Model):"""
    博客分类
    """
    name = models.CharField('名称', max_length=30)classMeta:
        verbose_name ="类别"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):return self.name

classTag(models.Model):"""
    博客标签
    """
    name = models.CharField('名称', max_length=16)classMeta:
        verbose_name ="标签"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):return self.name

classBlog(models.Model):"""
    博客
    """
    title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=32)
    author = models.CharField('作者', max_length=16)
    content = models.TextField('内容')
    pub = models.DateField('发布时间', auto_now_add=True)#on_delete解释：当子表中的某条数据删除后，关联的外键操作#on_delete = models.SET_NULL
    # 置空模式，删除时，外键字段被设置为空，前提就是blank=True, null=True,定义该字段时，允许为空。
    # 理解：删除关联数据（子表），与之关联的值设置默认值为null（父表中），这个前提需要父表中的字段可以为空。
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, verbose_name='分类', on_delete=None)  # 多对一（博客--类别）
    # 多对多关系，没有on_delete参数
    tag = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, verbose_name='标签')  # (多对多）

    classMeta:
        verbose_name ="博客"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):return self.title

classComment(models.Model):"""
    博客评论
    """
    blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog, verbose_name='博客', on_delete=None)  # (博客--评论:一对多)
    name = models.CharField('称呼', max_length=16)
    email = models.EmailField('邮箱')
    content = models.CharField('内容', max_length=240)
    pub = models.DateField('发布时间', auto_now_add=True)classMeta:
        verbose_name ="评论"
        verbose_name_plural ="评论"

    def __unicode__(self):return self.content

1.3）admin.py

"""
    #Register your models here.
    django自带的后台管理系统
    在这儿注册你的模型
"""
from django.contrib importadmin
from .models import*classCategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display =('name',)classTagAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display =('name',)classBlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display =('title','category','content','pub')classCommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display =('blog','name','content','pub')

admin.site.register(Category, CategoryAdmin)
admin.site.register(Tag, TagAdmin)
admin.site.register(Blog, BlogAdmin)
admin.site.register(Comment, CommentAdmin)

1.4）创建数据库及字段

# teminal输入命令
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

# 创建管理员用户
python manage.py createsuperuser

在这里插入图片描述

1.5）后台管理员模块展示

访问127.0.0.1:8000/admin即可查看后台管理系统

在这里插入图片描述

2、前台搭建

2.1）views.py

"""
    视图函数
    注意所有的视图函数需要在urls中进行配置
"""
from django.shortcuts importrender, render_to_response

from .models import*

from .forms importCommentForm
from django.http importHttp404

def get_blogs(request):
    # 获得所有的博客按发布时间降序排
    blogs = Blog.objects.all().order_by('-pub')
    # 传递context:blog参数到固定页面
    returnrender_to_response('blog_list.html',{'blogs': blogs})

def get_details(request, blog_id):
    # 检查异常
    try:
        blog = Blog.objects.get(id=blog_id)  # 获取固定的blog_id的对象；
    except Blog.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404

    if request.method =='GET':
        form =CommentForm()else:  # 请求方法为Post
        form =CommentForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():
            cleaned_data = form.cleaned_data
            cleaned_data['blog']= blog
            Comment.objects.create(**cleaned_data)
    ctx ={'blog': blog,'comments': blog.comment_set.all().order_by('-pub'),'form': form
    }  # 返回3个参数
    returnrender(request,'blog_details.html', ctx)

2.2）urls.py

"""
    配置文件路由
"""
from django.conf.urls importurl
from django.contrib importadmin
from django.urls importpath

from MyBlog.views importget_blogs, get_details

urlpatterns =[#path(..)是Django2.0的写法，url(...)是Django1.0的写法path('admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^blog/$', get_blogs),url(r'^detail/(\d+)/$', get_details, name='blog_get_detail'),]

2.3）forms.py

因为我们想要实现博客的评论功能，所以我们新增一个forms.py

在这里插入图片描述

"""
    博客的评论功能
"""
from django importformsclassCommentForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(label='昵称', max_length=16, error_messages={'required':'请填写您的昵称','max_length':'昵称太长,请重新修改!'})
    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required':'请填写您的邮箱','invalid':'邮箱格式不正确'})
    content = forms.CharField(label='内容', error_messages={'required':'请填写您的评论内容!','max_length':'评论内容太长咯'})

3、模板页面

在这里插入图片描述

3.1）blog_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Mikasa的博客</title><style type="text/css">
        body {
            color: #efd;
            background: #8d8a8a;
            padding:12px 5em;
            margin:7px;}

        h1 {
            margin-top:-10px;
            padding:2em;
            background: #4e583b;}

        h2 {
            color: #4e583b;
            border-top:1px dotted #fff;
            margin-top:2em;
            padding-top:15px;}
        a {
            text-decoration:none;}.blog {
            padding:20px 0px;}.blog .info span {
            padding-right:10px;}.blog .summary {
            padding-top:20px;}
         p {
            text-indent:2em
        }</style></head><body><div class="header"><h1 align="center">Mikasa的博客</h1></div><h3 style="margin-bottom: -50px;font-size: x-large;">博客列表
</h3><hr/>{%for blog in blogs %}<div align="center"class="blog"><div class="title"><a href="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %} "dec><h2 align="left">{{ blog.title }}</h2></a></div><div class="info" align="left"><span class="category" style="color: #eeccad;">{{ blog.category.name }}</span><span class="author" style="color: #2964af;">{{ blog.author }}</span><span class="pub" style="color: #90d56b">{{ blog.pub }}</span></div><div class="summary"><p align="left">{{ blog.content | truncatechars:100}}</p></div></div>{% endfor %}</body></html>

3.2）blog_details.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>{{ blog.title }}</title><style type="text/css">.blog {
            padding:20px 0px;}.blog .info span {
            padding-right:10px;}.blog .summary {
            padding-top:20px;}

        body {
            color: #efd;
            background: #8d8a8a;
            padding:12px 5em;
            margin:7px;}

        h1 {
            margin-top:-10px;
            padding:2em;
            background: #4e583b;
            color: #eeffdd;}

        h2 {
            color: #4e583b;{#border-top:1px dotted #fff;#} margin-top:2em;
            padding-top:15px;}

        a {
            text-decoration: none;}

        span {
            font-size:18px;
            line-height:2em;}

        p {
            text-indent:2em
        }</style></head><body><div class="header"><div class="title" align="center"><a href="#"><h1>{{ blog.title }}</h1></a></div></div><div class="content"><div class="blog"><div class="info" align="center"><span class="category" style="color: #eeccad;" border="10px">{{ blog.category.name }}</span><span class="author" style="color: #2964af;">{{ blog.author }}</span><span class="pub" style="color: #90d56b">{{ blog.pub }}</span></div><p class="summary">{{ blog.content }}</p><div class="comment"><div class="comment-diaplay" style="padding-top: 1cm;"><h3 >评论</h3>{%for comment in comments %}<div class="comment-field" style="padding-top: 10px; color: #49491a">{{ comment.name }}说：{{ comment.content }}</div>{% endfor %}</div><div class="comment-post" style="padding-top: 20px ;"><h3>提交评论</h3><form action="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %}" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{%for field in form %}<div class="input-field" style="padding-top: 10px;">{{ field.label }}：{{ field }}</div><div class="error" style="color: #ff0000;">{{ field.errors }}</div>{% endfor %}<button type="submit" style="margin-top:20px ">提交</button><button type="reset" style="margin-top:20px ">重置</button></form></div></div></div></div></body></html>

三、运行项目及展示

访问博客地址：http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/

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标签： django python 后端

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/Makasa/article/details/124982130
版权归原作者 M1kasal 所有，如有侵权，请联系我们删除。

Django(一)简单的个人博客搭建实战

前言

一、Django框架介绍

1、创建Django项目

2、框架简要介绍

二、框架搭建

1、后台搭建

1.1）settings.py

1.2）model.py

1.3）admin.py

1.4）创建数据库及字段

1.5）后台管理员模块展示

2、前台搭建

2.1）views.py

2.2）urls.py

2.3）forms.py

3、模板页面

3.1）blog_list.html

3.2）blog_details.html

三、运行项目及展示

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