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SpringCloud GateWay与Nacos使用

网关就相当于一个内网与外网的出入口,起着 安全、验证的功能,如果没有网关,那么如果需要实现验证的功能,除非

SpringCloud GateWay 作为微服务的网关,起着如下作用

① 作为所有API接口服务请求的接入点

② 作为所有后端业务服务的聚合点,所有业务服务都可以在这里被调用

③ 实现安全、验证、路由、过滤、流控等策略,进行一些必要的中介处理

④ 统一管理: 提供配置管理工具,对所有API服务的调用生命周期和相应的中介策略进行统一的管理

(当然 由于多了一次中间转发,所以 QPS 就会下降)

下面就总结一下 SpringCloud GateWay 与 Nacos 的整合与使用

一、基础项目搭建

① 启动nacos 服务,这里是以单击的形式启动(nacos 下载地址可以自己百度)

其默认端口为8848 账户名为nacos 密码为nacos

② 创建项目

   父项目 (定义SpringCloud 版本 以及 SpringBoot 版本 以及公共 依赖)

   gateway-service (  子项目,实现Nacos 服务发现以及 权限过滤)

  user-service  (子项目,实现Nacos 服务注册以及充当服务提供者的功能)

其结构图如下

父项目 pom.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>test_cloud_gateway</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>test_cloud_gateway</description>

    <modules>
        <module>gateway-service</module>
        <module>user-service</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>8</java.version>
        <spring.boot.version>2.4.2</spring.boot.version>
        <alibaba.cloud.version>2021.1</alibaba.cloud.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>2020.0.1</spring.cloud.version>
        <jackson.verson>2.8.9</jackson.verson>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Nacos 配置管理 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Nacos 服务发现 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 使用log4j2 作为项目日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <exclusions> <!-- 去掉springboot自带的日志 -->
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>

        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- apache.commons begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- SpringCloud 框架 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
            <version>1.18.20</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.1</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- spring cloud 依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${alibaba.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

( 吐槽一下: SpringCloud 以及 SpringCloug Alibaba 的组件的版本之间有点坑,稍不注意就有可能导致 类缺少或者其他的问题)

GateWay-service 服务

pom.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>test_cloud_gateway</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>gateway-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>gateway-service</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.4</version>  <!-- 版本号是必须要加的 -->
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml 文件

spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848  # 注册中心地址
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
        locator:
          enabled: true # gateway 可以从nacos 中发现微服务
  application:
    name: gateway-service

server:
  port: 9091

(因为在bootstrap.yml文件中声明了配置中心以及文件的后缀格式,这时候项目启动就会自动获取nacos 上的gate-way-service.yaml 文件作为其启动配置项)

User-service 服务

pom.xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>test_cloud_gateway</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>user-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>user-service</name>
    <description>user-service</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
            <exclusions> <!-- 去掉springboot自带的日志 -->
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>

        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8099
dubbo:
  application:
    name: ${spring.application.name}
    qos-enable: false
  registry:
    address: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848
    use-as-metadata-center: false
    use-as-config-center: false
    parameters:
      register-mode: instance

请求类:

package com.example.userservice.controller;

import com.example.userservice.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author zhangyang
 * @version 1.0
 * @Date 2023/4/9 15:44
 * @Description
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    private static Map<Integer, User> userMap;

    static {
        userMap = new HashMap<>();
        userMap.put(1, new User(1, "张三"));
        userMap.put(2, new User(2, "李四"));
        userMap.put(3, new User(3, "王五"));
    }

    @RequestMapping("/findById/{id}")
    public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        // 为了测试方便,用此方式模拟用户查询
        return userMap.get(id);
    }
}
package com.example.userservice.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @author zhangyang
 * @version 1.0
 * @Date 2023/4/9 15:46
 * @Description
 */
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
public class User {

    private Integer id;

    private String name;
}

③ 启动项目

当我们启动项目后,就会在nacos 上看到注册的gateway-service 服务、user-service 服务

二、Springcloud Gateway 配置说明

Gateway 本质上就是相当于 将请求封装成一个对象,然后去匹配设置的路由信息,

然后去通过filter 处理,然后调用微服务。

1、路由服务

spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848  # 注册中心地址
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
        locator:
          enabled: true # gateway 可以从nacos 中发现微服务
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: user-service-route # 路由的id,要保证其唯一性
          uri: lb://user-service # lb 表示 从nacos 中按照名称获取微服务,并遵循负载均衡策略, user-service 即微服务注册名
          predicates:
            - Path=/user-api/**  # 使用断言
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1 # 使用过滤器

  application:
    name: gateway-service

server:
  port: 9091
    其中

id: 路由标识符,用于区分其他route

uri: 路由指向目的地uri,即客户端请求最终转发到微服务

predicate: 断言,用于条件判断,只有断言都返回真,才会真正的执行路由

filter : 过滤器由于修改请求和响应信息

重新服务后,在地址栏上访问

就会通过gateway 服务查询查询到对应的user-service 服务

全局过滤器

全局过滤器作用域所有路由,无需配置,通过全局过滤器可以实现对权限的统一校验,安全性验证等功能

package com.example.demo.filter;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author zhangyang
 * @version 1.0
 * @Date 2023/4/10 10:53
 * @Description
 */
@Component
@Slf4j
public class TokenGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

    @SneakyThrows
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        String token = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("token");
        if (token == null || token.length() == 0 || !token.equals("123456")) {
            log.error("鉴权失败");
            ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse = exchange.getResponse();

            serverHttpResponse.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.OK);
            serverHttpResponse.getHeaders().add("Content-type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");

            // 鉴权失败,返回的数据结构
            Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());
            map.put("message", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase());

            DataBuffer buffer = serverHttpResponse.bufferFactory().wrap(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsBytes(map));
            return serverHttpResponse.writeWith(Flux.just(buffer));
        }
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

这里是通过 网关的GlobalFilter 拦截请求头上的的token 字符串,然后用于获取token 如果不符合条件则直接异常信息

转发规则

假设: uri 都设定为 http://localhost:9023****

规则实例说明Path- Path=/gate/,/rule/ 当请求的路径为gate、rule开头的时,转发到http:9023服务器上before- Before=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]在某个时间之前的请求才会被转发到http://localhost:9023服务器上After- After=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]在某个时间之后请求才会被转发Beteween- Between=2017-01-20T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver],2017-01-21T17:42:47.789-07:00[America/Denver]在某个时间段之间的才会被转发Cookie- Cookie=chocolate, ch.p名为chocolate的表单或者满足正则ch.p的表单才会被匹配到进行请求转发Method- Method=GET只有GET方法才会匹配转发请求,还可以限定POST、PUT等请求方式

过滤器规则(Filter)

过滤器规则实例说明PrefixPath- PrefixPath=/app在请求路径前加上appRewritePath- RewritePath=/test, /app/test访问localhost:9092/test,请求会转发到localhost:8001/app/testSetPathSetPath=/app/{path}通过模板设置路径,转发的规则时会在路径前增加app,{path} 表示原请求路径

路由失败处理

当请求路由地址不匹配或者断言为false 的时候,GateWay 会默认返回Whitelabel ErrorPage 错误页面,这种错误提示不符合我们的业务需求。

我们可以自定义返回一个较为友好的错误提示,需要创建一个类继承DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler 类,重写其方法

public class MyErrorWebExceptionHandler extends DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler {
 
    public MyErrorWebExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes,
                                      ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
                                      ErrorProperties errorProperties,
                                      ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        super(errorAttributes, resourceProperties, errorProperties, applicationContext);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected RouterFunction<ServerResponse> getRoutingFunction(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
        return RouterFunctions.route(RequestPredicates.all(), this::renderErrorResponse);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected Mono<ServerResponse> renderErrorResponse(ServerRequest request) {
        boolean includeStackTrace = isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL);
        Map<String, Object> errorMap = getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace);
        int status = Integer.valueOf(errorMap.get("status").toString());
        Map<String, Object> response = this.response(status, errorMap.get("error").toString(), errorMap);
        return ServerResponse.status(status).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(BodyInserters.fromValue(response));
    }
 
    // 我们希望返回的数据结构
    public static Map<String, Object> response(int status, String errorMessage, Map<String, Object> errorMap) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code", status);
        map.put("message", errorMessage);
        map.put("data", errorMap);
        return map;
    }
}

配置Bean 实例

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {
 
    private final ServerProperties serverProperties;
 
    private final ApplicationContext applicationContext;
 
    private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
 
    private final List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
 
    private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;
 
    public GatewayConfiguration(ServerProperties serverProperties,
                                ApplicationContext applicationContext,
                                ResourceProperties resourceProperties,
                                ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,
                                ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) {
        this.serverProperties = serverProperties;
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
        this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);
        this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;
    }
 
 
    @Bean("myErrorWebExceptionHandler")
    @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    public ErrorWebExceptionHandler myErrorWebExceptionHandler(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
 
        MyErrorWebExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = new MyErrorWebExceptionHandler(
                errorAttributes,
                this.resourceProperties,
                this.serverProperties.getError(),
                this.applicationContext);
 
        exceptionHandler.setViewResolvers(this.viewResolvers);
        exceptionHandler.setMessageWriters(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getWriters());
        exceptionHandler.setMessageReaders(this.serverCodecConfigurer.getReaders());
        return exceptionHandler;
    }
}

重启Gateway项目后,访问一个不符合条件的断言

跨域访问

修改配置文件

spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848  # 注册中心地址
        username: nacos
        password: nacos
        locator:
          enabled: true # gateway 可以从nacos 中发现微服务
    gateway:
      globalcors:
        cors-configurations:
          '[/**]':
            allowedOrigins: "*"
            allowedMethods: "*"
            alloedHeaders: "*"
      routes:
        - id: user-service-route # 路由的id,要保证其唯一性
          uri: lb://user-service # lb 表示 从nacos 中按照名称获取微服务,并遵循负载均衡策略, user-service 即微服务注册名
          predicates:
            - Path=/user-api/**  # 使用断言
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1 # 使用过滤器

  application:
    name: gateway-service

server:
  port: 9091

整合Setinel 进行限流

添加对应的依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
    
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sentinel-spring-cloud-gateway-adapter</artifactId>
</dependency>
复制代码

修改对应的配置文件,连接Sentinel 控制台:

spring:
  cloud:
    sentinel:
      transport:
        port: 8719
        dashboard: localhost:8081

配置对应的SentinelFilter 实例

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {
 
    @Bean
    @Order(-1)
    public GlobalFilter sentinelGatewayFilter() {
        return new SentinelGatewayFilter();
    }
}

然后重启网关,登录Sentinel 控制台查看


本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38345598/article/details/130041703
版权归原作者 我自是年少韶华倾负 所有, 如有侵权,请联系我们删除。

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