1小时学会通过Java Swing Design设计java图形化

环境与工具：

系统环境：win10

开发工具：Eclipse IDE for Java Developers - 2020-09

数据库：MySQL5.6

学习目标：

一般大一结束的时候需要做一个类似一下内容的javaswing项目，故而咱们的学习目标如下：

其中设计到的控件：文本框、输入框、按钮、表格，数据库是JDBC绑定数据集<List>类型就行。

1、项目创建

使用eclipse直接创建一个java的空项目即可，唯一要注意的就是创建【java】的时候不是点击【class】而是创建【JFrame】，通过【JFrame】才能使用设计工具【Design】。

这里点【other】因为【JFrame】在这个选项栏中。

2、绝对位置布局Absolute layout

使用这个方式方便拖拽，很方便：

3、工具栏简述：

4、常用控件简述

1、顶层容器：JFrame(窗体)，JDialog(对话窗)

2、中间容器：JPanel(面板)，（滚动面板）JScrollPane，（分割面板）JSplitPane，（工具栏）JToolBar

3、菜单栏：JMenuBar

4、基本组件：
英文名****对照中文JLabel
标签
JButton按钮JTextArea文本区JTextField文本框JRadioButton单选按钮JCheckBox复选框JPasswordField密码框JComboBox下拉列表框JList列表JTable表格
**画的有些乱，但是基本上一眼就能看出来是啥： **

表格JTable：

JPanel设置上下布局，JScrollPane设置，这样才能显示table的标题列

添加一些测试数据：

效果：

5、JDBC

需要数据库jar包

mysql-connector-java-5.1.7bin.jar

下载链接：https://download.csdn.net/download/feng8403000/85610502

MySQL

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`;
CREATE TABLE `users`  (
  `id` int(8) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `createDate` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
  `userName` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `sex` varchar(2) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `introduce` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of users
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (1, '2022-06-11 12:55:02', '王语嫣', '女', '琅嬛福地，神仙姐姐。');
INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (2, '2022-06-11 12:56:05', '小龙女', '女', '冰山美人');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

JDCB_Demo

package com.item.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * 数据库工厂
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class FactoryDB {
    /**
     * 驱动位置
     */
    private static final String driver ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    /**
     * 数据库链接路径·必背
     */
    private static final String url ="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?characterEncoding=utf-8";
    /**
     * 数据库账号
     */
    private static final String user ="root";
    /**
     * 数据库密码
     */
    private static final String pwd ="12345678";
    /**
     * 静态块引入数据库驱动·解决包位置问题
     */
    static {
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 数据库链接
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConn() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return conn;
    }
    /**
     * 关闭数据库连接
     * @param conn
     * @param pr
     * @param re
     */
    public static void close(Connection conn,PreparedStatement pr, ResultSet re) {
        try {
            if (re!=null) {
                re.close();
            } 
            if(pr!=null){
                pr.close();
            }
            if(conn!=null){
                conn.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

封装模型：

package com.item.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class Users {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Users [id=" + id + ", creaetDate=" + creaetDate + ", userName=" + userName + ", sex=" + sex
                + ", introduce=" + introduce + "]";
    }
    private int id;
    private Date creaetDate;
    private String userName;
    private String sex;
    private String introduce;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public Date getCreaetDate() {
        return creaetDate;
    }
    public void setCreaetDate(Date creaetDate) {
        this.creaetDate = creaetDate;
    }
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public String getIntroduce() {
        return introduce;
    }
    public void setIntroduce(String introduce) {
        this.introduce = introduce;
    }
    

}

DAO层数据：

package com.item.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.item.jdbc.FactoryDB;
import com.item.model.Users;

public class UsersDAO {
    /**
     * 查询所有
     * @return
     */
    public static ArrayList<Users> GetInfo(String userName){
        Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
        String sql=null;
        if(userName==null) {
            sql="select * from users";
        }else {
            sql="select * from users where userName like '%"+userName+"%'";
        }
        ArrayList<Users> list = new ArrayList<Users>();
        try {
            PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ResultSet re = pr.executeQuery();
            while (re.next()) {
                Users u = new Users();
                u.setId(re.getInt(1));
                u.setCreaetDate(re.getDate(2));
                u.setUserName(re.getString(3));
                u.setSex(re.getString(4));
                u.setIntroduce(re.getString(5));
                list.add(u);
            }
            FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, re);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return list;
    }
    /**
     * 添加
     * @param userName
     * @param sex
     * @param introduce
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean AddInfo(String userName,String sex,String introduce) {
        Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
        String sql=String.format("insert into users values(0,now(),'%s','%s','%s')", userName,sex,introduce);
        try {
            PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            int rows = pr.executeUpdate();
            FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, null);
            return rows>0;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }
    /**
     * 修改
     * @param id
     * @param introduce
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean UpdateById(int id,String introduce) {
        Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
        String sql=String.format("update users set introduce='%s' where id=%d", introduce,id);
        try {
            PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            int rows = pr.executeUpdate();
            FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, null);
            return rows>0;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }
    /**
     * 删除
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean DeleteById(int id) {
        Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
        String sql=String.format("delete from users where id=%d", id);
        try {
            PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            int rows = pr.executeUpdate();
            FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, null);
            return rows>0;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }
}

UI层添加数据：

JTable需要绑定一下俩数据：

//添加标题
Vector vTitle  = new Vector();
//添加数据
Vector vdate = new Vector();
//绑定到控件
table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(vdate,vTitle));

package com.item.ui;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Vector;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;

import com.item.dao.UsersDAO;
import com.item.model.Users;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class utest extends JFrame {

    /**
     * 序列
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField userName;
    private JTable table;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    utest frame = new utest();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public utest() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 667, 598);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        contentPane.add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        //添加按钮
        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("\u6DFB\u52A0");
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                AddUsers users = new AddUsers();
                users.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
        panel.add(btnNewButton);
        
        userName = new JTextField();
        panel.add(userName);
        userName.setColumns(20);
        //查询按钮
        JButton btnNewButton_2 = new JButton("\u67E5\u8BE2");
        btnNewButton_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                bind(userName.getText());
            }
        });
        panel.add(btnNewButton_2);
        
        JPanel panel_1 = new JPanel();
        contentPane.add(panel_1, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        //删除
        JButton btnNewButton_1 = new JButton("\u9009\u4E2D\u884C\u70B9\u8FD9\u91CC\u5220\u9664");
        btnNewButton_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int i = table.getSelectedRow();
                if (i==-1) {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"请选择删除的行");
                    return ;
                }
                String id  = table.getValueAt(i, 0).toString();
                boolean isf = UsersDAO.DeleteById(Integer.parseInt(id));
                if (isf) {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "删除成功！！！");
                } else {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "删除失败！！！");
                }
                bind(null);
            }
        });
        panel_1.add(btnNewButton_1);
        //刷新按钮
        JButton btnNewButton_3 = new JButton("\u6570\u636E\u5237\u65B0");
        btnNewButton_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                bind(null);
            }
        });
        panel_1.add(btnNewButton_3);
        
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane();
        contentPane.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        table = new JTable();
        scrollPane.setViewportView(table);
        bind(null);
    }
    //加载数据
    public void bind(String userName) {
        //添加标题
        Vector<String> vTitle  = new Vector<String>();
        vTitle.add("编号");
        vTitle.add("创建时间");
        vTitle.add("用户名");
        vTitle.add("性别");
        vTitle.add("简介");
        //添加数据
        Vector vdate = new Vector<Users>();
        ArrayList<Users> list = UsersDAO.GetInfo(userName);
        for (Users u : list) {
            Vector v = new Vector();
            v.add(u.getId());
            v.add(u.getCreaetDate());
            v.add(u.getUserName());
            v.add(u.getSex());
            v.add(u.getIntroduce());
            vdate.add(v);
        }
        table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(vdate,vTitle));
    }

}

效果：

添加：如果有单选按钮得分组

为了方便操作，别忘改一个控件的名称：

双击添加按钮：

添加编码：

package com.item.ui;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import com.item.dao.UsersDAO;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class AddUsers extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField userName;
    private final ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
    public utest utest;
    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    AddUsers frame = new AddUsers();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public AddUsers() {
        setBounds(100, 100, 589, 457);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("\u7528\u6237\u540D");
        lblNewLabel.setBounds(100, 88, 76, 29);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel);

        JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("\u7B80\u4ECB");
        lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(100, 209, 54, 15);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_1);

        JRadioButton sex1 = new JRadioButton("\u7537");
        buttonGroup.add(sex1);
        sex1.setSelected(true);
        sex1.setBounds(200, 141, 121, 23);
        contentPane.add(sex1);

        JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("\u6027\u522B");
        lblNewLabel_2.setBounds(100, 145, 54, 15);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_2);

        JRadioButton sex2 = new JRadioButton("\u5973");
        buttonGroup.add(sex2);
        sex2.setBounds(357, 141, 121, 23);
        contentPane.add(sex2);

        userName = new JTextField();
        userName.setBounds(160, 92, 278, 21);
        contentPane.add(userName);
        userName.setColumns(10);

        JTextArea introduce = new JTextArea();
        introduce.setBounds(164, 204, 291, 117);
        contentPane.add(introduce);

        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("\u6DFB\u52A0");
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String name = userName.getText();
                boolean isf = sex1.isSelected();
                String sex=isf?"男":"女";
                String intro = introduce.getText();
                boolean addInfo = UsersDAO.AddInfo(name, sex, intro);
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, addInfo?"添加成功！！！":"添加失败！！！");
            }
        });
        btnNewButton.setBounds(231, 357, 93, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnNewButton);
    }

}

增删查演示完毕。

修改就是删除的获取数据跟添加组合在一起就行了。