学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗（四）

学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗（四）

继续编写魂斗罗

在上次的博客学习 Python 之 Pygame 开发魂斗罗（三）中，我们完成了角色的移动和跳跃，下面我们来继续写魂斗罗。

下面是图片的素材

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1X7tESkes_O6nbPxfpHD6hQ?pwd=hdly
提取码：hdly

1. 创建子弹类

发射子弹首先要有子弹类
我们来创建一下

import pygame
from Constants import*classBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def__init__(self, person):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.images =[
            loadImage('../Image/Bullet/bullet1.png')]
        self.index =0
        self.image = self.images[self.index]# 速度
        self.xSpeed =1
        self.ySpeed =1
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(person.rect)# 销毁开关
        self.isDestroy =Falsedefmove(self):
        self.rect.x += self.xSpeed
        self.rect.y += self.ySpeed
        self.checkBullet()defdraw(self, window):
        window.blit(self.image, self.rect)defcheckBullet(self):
        toDestroy =Falseif self.rect.top <0or self.rect.top >600:
            toDestroy =Trueif self.rect.left <0or self.rect.right >900:
            toDestroy =Trueif toDestroy:
            self.isDestroy =True

2. 根据玩家方向和状态设置子弹发射的位置

由于玩家的方向和状态不一样，所以玩家开火后，子弹发射的位置也不一样

下面我们来看看角色状态和发射子弹的位置

(1). 站立向右发射子弹

(x,y) 是图片的位置，我们计算出，此状态下，子弹发射的位置是 (x+24,y+11)

下面我们来设置一下

self.rect.x +=24 * 2.5
self.rect.y +=11 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =0
self.xSpeed =7

2.5是人物放大的倍数，加载图像的时候把图像放大了2.5倍，所以设置子弹发射位置的时候，同样要乘以2.5

if person.isStanding:# 判断方向# 方向向右if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 向上if person.isUp:pass# 向右else:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7# 方向向左else:if person.isUp:passelse:passelif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:passelif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelse:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:pass

(2). 站立向左发射子弹

self.rect.y +=11 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =0
self.xSpeed =-7

# 根据角色的方向和状态设置子弹发射的位置# 角色站着if person.isStanding:# 判断方向if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 向上if person.isUp:passelse:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:passelse:
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:passelif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelse:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:pass

(3). 站立朝上发射子弹

站立向右朝上发射子弹

self.rect.x +=10*2.5
self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
self.ySpeed =-7
self.xSpeed =0

这里我微微调整了一下y的值，方向向上，所以子弹的y是逐渐减小的，所以y速度是负数

# 根据角色的方向和状态设置子弹发射的位置# 角色站着if person.isStanding:# 判断方向if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 向上if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:passelse:
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:passelif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelse:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:pass

站立向左朝上发射子弹也是同样的计算方式

self.rect.x +=10*2.5
self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
self.ySpeed =-7
self.xSpeed =0

# 根据角色的方向和状态设置子弹发射的位置# 角色站着if person.isStanding:# 判断方向if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 向上if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:passelif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelse:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:pass

(4). 蹲下发射子弹

向右示意图

self.rect.x +=34 * 2.5
self.rect.y +=25 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =0
self.xSpeed =7

# 根据角色的方向和状态设置子弹发射的位置# 角色站着if person.isStanding:# 判断方向if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 向上if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
        self.rect.x +=34*2.5
        self.rect.y +=25*2.5
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =7else:passelif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelse:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:pass

同样的，设置向左的发射位置

self.rect.y +=25 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =0
self.xSpeed =-7

# 根据角色的方向和状态设置子弹发射的位置# 角色站着if person.isStanding:# 判断方向if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 向上if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
        self.rect.x +=34*2.5
        self.rect.y +=25*2.5
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =7else:
        self.rect.y +=25*2.5
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelse:if person.isUp:passelif person.isDown:passelse:passelif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:pass

(5). 向斜方发射子弹

向斜右上方发射子弹示意图

self.rect.x +=20 * 2.5
self.rect.y +=-1 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =-7
self.xSpeed =7

向斜左上方发射子弹时的子弹位置

self.rect.x +=-3 * 2.5
self.rect.y +=-1 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =-7
self.xSpeed =-7

向斜右下方发射子弹示意图

self.rect.x +=21 * 2.5
self.rect.y +=20 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =7
self.xSpeed =7

向斜左下方发射子弹时的子弹位置

self.rect.x +=-3 * 2.5
self.rect.y +=20 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =7
self.xSpeed =-7

(6). 奔跑时发射子弹

奔跑时发射子弹和站立发射子弹是一样的

向右

self.rect.x +=24 * 2.5
self.rect.y +=11 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =0
self.xSpeed =7

向左

self.rect.y +=11 * 2.5
self.ySpeed =0
self.xSpeed =-7

完整的代码

if person.isStanding:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=10*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =0else:
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
        self.rect.x +=34*2.5
        self.rect.y +=25*2.5
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =7else:
        self.rect.y +=25*2.5
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=20*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =7elif person.isDown:
            self.rect.x +=21*2.5
            self.rect.y +=20*2.5
            self.ySpeed =7
            self.xSpeed =7else:
            self.rect.x +=24*2.5
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:
            self.rect.x +=-3*2.5
            self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
            self.ySpeed =-7
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isDown:
            self.rect.x +=-3*2.5
            self.rect.y +=20*2.5
            self.ySpeed =7
            self.xSpeed =-7else:
            self.rect.y +=11*2.5
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:passelse:pass

(7). 跳跃时发射子弹

elif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
        self.rect.x +=16*2.5
        self.rect.y +=8*2.5
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =7else:
        self.rect.x +=-2*2.5
        self.rect.y +=8*2.5
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =-7

完整子弹类代码

import pygame
from Constants import*classBullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def__init__(self, person):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.images =[
            loadImage('../Image/Bullet/bullet1.png')]
        self.index =0
        self.image = self.images[self.index]# 速度
        self.xSpeed =1
        self.ySpeed =1
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(person.rect)if person.isStanding:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:
                    self.rect.x +=10*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =-7
                    self.xSpeed =0else:
                    self.rect.x +=24*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=11*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =0
                    self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:
                    self.rect.x +=10*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =-7
                    self.xSpeed =0else:
                    self.rect.y +=11*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =0
                    self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isSquating andnot person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
                self.rect.x +=34*2.5
                self.rect.y +=25*2.5
                self.ySpeed =0
                self.xSpeed =7else:
                self.rect.y +=25*2.5
                self.ySpeed =0
                self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isWalking:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if person.isUp:
                    self.rect.x +=20*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =-7
                    self.xSpeed =7elif person.isDown:
                    self.rect.x +=21*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=20*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =7
                    self.xSpeed =7else:
                    self.rect.x +=24*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=11*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =0
                    self.xSpeed =7else:if person.isUp:
                    self.rect.x +=-3*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=-1*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =-7
                    self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isDown:
                    self.rect.x +=-3*2.5
                    self.rect.y +=20*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =7
                    self.xSpeed =-7else:
                    self.rect.y +=11*2.5
                    self.ySpeed =0
                    self.xSpeed =-7elif person.isJumping or person.state == State.FALL:if person.direction == Direction.RIGHT:
                self.rect.x +=16*2.5
                self.rect.y +=8*2.5
                self.ySpeed =0
                self.xSpeed =7else:
                self.rect.x +=-2*2.5
                self.rect.y +=8*2.5
                self.ySpeed =0
                self.xSpeed =-7# 销毁开关
        self.isDestroy =Falsedefmove(self):
        self.rect.x += self.xSpeed
        self.rect.y += self.ySpeed
        self.checkBullet()defdraw(self, window):
        window.blit(self.image, self.rect)defcheckBullet(self):
        toDestroy =Falseif self.rect.top <0or self.rect.top >600:
            toDestroy =Trueif self.rect.left <0or self.rect.right >900:
            toDestroy =Trueif toDestroy:
            self.isDestroy =True

3. 在玩家类中加入开火

在常量文件中设置子弹上限

# 设置玩家子弹上限
PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER =15

在玩家类的四个状态函数中加入发射的代码

if keys[pygame.K_j]:
    self.isFiring =Trueiflen(playerBulletList)< PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:# 设置子弹发射的间隔为150if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  >150:
            playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))
            self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

完整的玩家类

import pygame
from Constants import*from Bullet import Bullet

classPlayerOne(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def__init__(self, currentTime):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)# 加载角色图片
        self.standRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/stand.png')
        self.standLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/stand.png')
        self.upRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upRight(small).png')
        self.upLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upLeft(small).png')
        self.downRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png')
        self.downLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png',True)
        self.obliqueUpRightImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png'),]
        self.obliqueUpLeftImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png',True),]
        self.obliqueDownRightImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png'),]
        self.obliqueDownLeftImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png',True),]# 角色向右的全部图片
        self.rightImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run3.png')]# 角色向左的全部图片
        self.leftImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run3.png')]# 角色跳跃的全部图片
        self.upRightImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png'),]
        self.upLeftImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png',True),]
        self.rightFireImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png'),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png'),]
        self.leftFireImages =[
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png',True),
            loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png',True),]# 角色左右移动下标
        self.imageIndex =0# 角色跳跃下标
        self.upImageIndex =0# 角色斜射下标
        self.obliqueImageIndex =0# 上一次显示图片的时间
        self.runLastTimer = currentTime
        self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

        # 选择当前要显示的图片
        self.image = self.standRightImage
        # 获取图片的rect
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()# 设置角色的状态
        self.state = State.STAND
        # 角色的方向
        self.direction = Direction.RIGHT
        # 速度
        self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.jumpSpeed =-11# 人物当前的状态标志
        self.isStanding =False
        self.isWalking =False
        self.isJumping =True
        self.isSquating =False
        self.isFiring =False# 重力加速度
        self.gravity =0.7

        self.isUp =False
        self.isDown =Falsedefupdate(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):# 更新站或者走的状态# 根据状态响应按键if self.state == State.STAND:
            self.standing(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.WALK:
            self.walking(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.JUMP:
            self.jumping(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.FALL:
            self.falling(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)# 更新位置# 记录前一次的位置坐标
        pre = self.rect.x
        self.rect.x += self.xSpeed
        self.rect.y += self.ySpeed
        # 如果x位置小于0了，就不能移动，防止人物跑到屏幕左边if self.rect.x <=0:
            self.rect.x = pre

        # 更新动画# 跳跃状态if self.isJumping:# 根据方向if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 方向向右，角色加载向右跳起的图片
                self.image = self.upRightImages[self.upImageIndex]else:# 否则，方向向左，角色加载向左跳起的图片
                self.image = self.upLeftImages[self.upImageIndex]# 角色蹲下if self.isSquating:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 加载向右蹲下的图片
                self.image = self.downRightImage
            else:# 加载向左蹲下的图片
                self.image = self.downLeftImage

        # 角色站着if self.isStanding:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if self.isUp:# 加载向右朝上的图片
                    self.image = self.upRightImage
                elif self.isDown:# 加载向右蹲下的图片
                    self.image = self.downRightImage
                else:# 加载向右站着的图片
                    self.image = self.standRightImage
            else:# 向左也是同样的效果if self.isUp:
                    self.image = self.upLeftImage
                elif self.isDown:
                    self.image = self.downLeftImage
                else:
                    self.image = self.standLeftImage

        # 角色移动if self.isWalking:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if self.isUp:# 加载斜右上的图片
                    self.image = self.obliqueUpRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]elif self.isDown:# 加载斜右下的图片
                    self.image = self.obliqueDownRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]else:# 加载向右移动的图片，根据开火状态是否加载向右开火移动的图片if self.isFiring:
                        self.image = self.rightFireImages[self.imageIndex]else:
                        self.image = self.rightImages[self.imageIndex]else:if self.isUp:
                    self.image = self.obliqueUpLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]elif self.isDown:
                    self.image = self.obliqueDownLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]else:if self.isFiring:
                        self.image = self.leftFireImages[self.imageIndex]else:
                        self.image = self.leftImages[self.imageIndex]defstanding(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""角色站立"""# 设置角色状态
        self.isStanding =True
        self.isWalking =False
        self.isJumping =False
        self.isSquating =False
        self.isUp =False
        self.isDown =False
        self.isFiring =False# 设置速度
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed =0# 按下A键if keys[pygame.K_a]:# A按下，角色方向向左
            self.direction = Direction.LEFT
            # 改变角色的状态，角色进入移动状态
            self.state = State.WALK
            # 设置站立状态为False，移动状态为True
            self.isStanding =False
            self.isWalking =True# 向左移动，速度为负数，这样玩家的x坐标是减小的
            self.xSpeed =-PLAYER_X_SPEED
        # 按下D键elif keys[pygame.K_d]:# D按下，角色方向向右
            self.direction = Direction.RIGHT
            # 改变角色的状态，角色进入移动状态
            self.state = State.WALK
            # 设置站立状态为False，移动状态为True
            self.isStanding =False
            self.isWalking =True# 向右移动，速度为正数
            self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED
        # 按下k键elif keys[pygame.K_k]:# K按下，角色进入跳跃状态，但是不会改变方向
            self.state = State.JUMP
            # 设置站立状态为False，跳跃状态为True# 不改变移动状态，因为移动的时候也可以跳跃
            self.isStanding =False
            self.isJumping =True# 设置速度，速度为负数，因为角色跳起后，要下落
            self.ySpeed = self.jumpSpeed
        # 没有按下按键else:# 没有按下按键，角色依然是站立状态
            self.state = State.STAND
            self.isStanding =True# 按下w键if keys[pygame.K_w]:# W按下，角色向上，改变方向状态
            self.isUp =True
            self.isStanding =True
            self.isDown =False
            self.isSquating =False# 按下s键elif keys[pygame.K_s]:# S按下，角色蹲下，改变方向状态，并且蹲下状态设置为True
            self.isUp =False
            self.isStanding =False
            self.isDown =True
            self.isSquating =Trueif keys[pygame.K_j]:
            self.isFiring =Trueiflen(playerBulletList)< PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  >150:
                    playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))
                    self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

    defwalking(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""角色行走，每10帧变换一次图片"""
        self.isStanding =False
        self.isWalking =True
        self.isJumping =False
        self.isSquating =False
        self.isFiring =False
        self.ySpeed =0
        self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED

        # 如果当前是站立的图片if self.isStanding:# 方向向右，方向向上if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT and self.isUp:# 设置为向右朝上的图片
                self.image = self.upRightImage
            # 方向向右elif self.direction == Direction.RIGHT andnot self.isUp:# 设置为向右站立的图片
                self.image = self.standRightImage
            elif self.direction == Direction.LEFT and self.isUp:
                self.image = self.upLeftImage
            elif self.direction == Direction.LEFT andnot self.isUp:
                self.image = self.standLeftImage
            # 记下当前时间
            self.runLastTimer = currentTime
        else:# 如果是走动的图片，先判断方向if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 设置速度
                self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED
                # 根据上下方向觉得是否角色要加载斜射的图片if self.isUp or self.isDown:# isUp == True表示向上斜射# isDown == True表示向下斜射# 计算上一次加载图片到这次的时间，如果大于115，即11.5帧，即上次加载图片到这次加载图片之间，已经加载了11张图片if currentTime - self.runLastTimer >115:# 那么就可以加载斜着奔跑的图片# 如果角色加载的图片不是第三张，则加载下一张就行if self.obliqueImageIndex <2:
                            self.obliqueImageIndex +=1# 否则就加载第一张图片else:
                            self.obliqueImageIndex =0# 记录变换图片的时间，为下次变换图片做准备
                        self.runLastTimer = currentTime
                # 不是斜射else:# 加载正常向右奔跑的图片if currentTime - self.runLastTimer >115:if self.imageIndex <2:
                            self.imageIndex +=1else:
                            self.imageIndex =0
                        self.runLastTimer = currentTime
            else:
                self.xSpeed =-PLAYER_X_SPEED
                if self.isUp or self.isDown:if currentTime - self.runLastTimer >115:if self.obliqueImageIndex <2:
                            self.obliqueImageIndex +=1else:
                            self.obliqueImageIndex =0
                        self.runLastTimer = currentTime
                else:if currentTime - self.runLastTimer >115:if self.imageIndex <2:
                            self.imageIndex +=1else:
                            self.imageIndex =0
                        self.runLastTimer = currentTime

        # 按下D键if keys[pygame.K_d]:
            self.direction = Direction.RIGHT
            self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED
        # 按下A键elif keys[pygame.K_a]:
            self.direction = Direction.LEFT
            self.xSpeed =-PLAYER_X_SPEED
         # 按下S键elif keys[pygame.K_s]:
            self.isStanding =False
            self.isDown =True# 按下W键if keys[pygame.K_w]:
            self.isUp =True
            self.isDown =False# 没有按键按下else:
            self.state = State.STAND

        # 移动时按下K键if keys[pygame.K_k]:# 角色状态变为跳跃
            self.state = State.JUMP
            self.ySpeed = self.jumpSpeed
            self.isJumping =True
            self.isStanding =Falseif keys[pygame.K_j]:
            self.isFiring =Trueiflen(playerBulletList)< PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  >150:
                    playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))
                    self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

    defjumping(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""跳跃"""# 设置标志
        self.isJumping =True
        self.isStanding =False
        self.isDown =False
        self.isSquating =False
        self.isFiring =False# 更新速度
        self.ySpeed += self.gravity
        if currentTime - self.runLastTimer >115:if self.upImageIndex <3:
                self.upImageIndex +=1else:
                self.upImageIndex =0# 记录变换图片的时间，为下次变换图片做准备
            self.runLastTimer = currentTime

        if keys[pygame.K_d]:
            self.direction = Direction.RIGHT

        elif keys[pygame.K_a]:
            self.direction = Direction.LEFT

        # 按下W键if keys[pygame.K_w]:
            self.isUp =True
            self.isDown =Falseelif keys[pygame.K_s]:
            self.isUp =False
            self.isDown =Trueif self.ySpeed >=0:
            self.state = State.FALL

        ifnot keys[pygame.K_k]:
            self.state = State.FALL
            
        if keys[pygame.K_j]:
            self.isFiring =Trueiflen(playerBulletList)< PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  >150:
                    playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))
                    self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

    deffalling(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):# 下落时速度越来越快，所以速度需要一直增加
        self.ySpeed += self.gravity
        if currentTime - self.runLastTimer >115:if self.upImageIndex <3:
                self.upImageIndex +=1else:
                self.upImageIndex =0
            self.runLastTimer = currentTime

        # 防止落到窗口外面，当落到一定高度时，就不会再掉落了if self.rect.bottom > SCREEN_HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT:
            self.state = State.WALK
            self.ySpeed =0
            self.rect.bottom = SCREEN_HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT
            self.isJumping =Falseif keys[pygame.K_d]:
            self.direction = Direction.RIGHT
            self.isWalking =Falseelif keys[pygame.K_a]:
            self.direction = Direction.LEFT
            self.isWalking =Falseif keys[pygame.K_j]:
            self.isFiring =Trueiflen(playerBulletList)< PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  >150:
                    playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))
                    self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

4. 修改主类实现玩家开火

由于玩家类中的update()方法多了一个子弹列表的参数，现在要修改主类

在主类中加入子弹列表

# 子弹
player1BulletList =[]

修改run()函数，把子弹列表传入update()函数

defrun(self):whilenot self.isEnd:# 获取窗口中的事件
        self.getPlayingModeEvent()# 游戏场景和景物更新函数
        self.update(MainGame.window, MainGame.player1BulletList)# 更新窗口
        pygame.display.update()# 设置帧率
        self.clock.tick(self.fps)
        fps = self.clock.get_fps()
        caption ='魂斗罗 - {:.2f}'.format(fps)
        pygame.display.set_caption(caption)else:
        sys.exit()

修改update()函数

defupdate(self, window, player1BulletList):# 更新物体
    currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
    MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)
    drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)# 显示物体
    MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)

创建显示子弹函数，在类外创建

defdrawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList):for bullet in player1BulletList:if bullet.isDestroy:
            player1BulletList.remove(bullet)else:
            bullet.draw(MainGame.window)
            bullet.move()

完整的主类代码

import sys
import pygame
from Constants import*from PlayerOne import PlayerOne

defdrawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList):for bullet in player1BulletList:if bullet.isDestroy:
            player1BulletList.remove(bullet)else:
            bullet.draw(MainGame.window)
            bullet.move()classMainGame:

    player1 =None
    allSprites =None

    window =None# 子弹
    player1BulletList =[]def__init__(self):# 初始化展示模块
        pygame.display.init()

        SCREEN_SIZE =(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)# 初始化窗口
        MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE)# 设置窗口标题
        pygame.display.set_caption('魂斗罗角色')# 是否结束游戏
        self.isEnd =False# 获取按键
        self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()# 帧率
        self.fps =60
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()# 初始化角色
        MainGame.player1 = PlayerOne(pygame.time.get_ticks())# 设置角色的初始位置# 这里设置为（0，80），可以实现一开始玩家掉下来的动画
        MainGame.player1.rect.x =80
        MainGame.player1.rect.bottom =300# 把角色放入组中，方便统一管理
        MainGame.allSprites = pygame.sprite.Group(MainGame.player1)defrun(self):whilenot self.isEnd:# 设置背景颜色
            pygame.display.get_surface().fill((0,0,0))# 游戏场景和景物更新函数
            self.update(MainGame.window, MainGame.player1BulletList)# 获取窗口中的事件
            self.getPlayingModeEvent()# 更新窗口
            pygame.display.update()# 设置帧率
            self.clock.tick(self.fps)
            fps = self.clock.get_fps()
            caption ='魂斗罗 - {:.2f}'.format(fps)
            pygame.display.set_caption(caption)else:
            sys.exit()defgetPlayingModeEvent(self):# 获取事件列表for event in pygame.event.get():# 点击窗口关闭按钮if event.type== pygame.QUIT:
                self.isEnd =True# 键盘按键按下elif event.type== pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()# 键盘按键抬起elif event.type== pygame.KEYUP:
                self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()defupdate(self, window, player1BulletList):# 更新物体
        currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)
        drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)# 显示物体
        MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)if __name__ =='__main__':
    MainGame().run()

运行一下，看看效果

哈哈，完成了