1 -> UDP网络编程
1.1 -> V1版本 -echo server
简单的回显服务器和客户端代码。
备注:代码中会用到地址转换函数。
nocopy.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
class nocopy
{
public:
nocopy() {}
nocopy(const nocopy&) = delete;
const nocopy& operator = (const nocopy&) = delete;
~nocopy() {}
};
UdpServer.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "nocopy.hpp"
#include "Log.hpp"
#include "Comm.hpp"
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
const static uint16_t defaultport = 8888;
const static int defaultfd = -1;
const static int defaultsize = 1024;
class UdpServer : public nocopy
{
public:
UdpServer(uint16_t port = defaultport)
: _port(port), _sockfd(defaultfd)
{
}
void Init()
{
// 1. 创建 socket,就是创建了文件细节
_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (_sockfd < 0)
{
lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "socket errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
strerror(errno));
exit(Socket_Err);
}
lg.LogMessage(Info, "socket success, sockfd: %d\n",
_sockfd);
// 2. 绑定,指定网络信息
struct sockaddr_in local;
bzero(&local, sizeof(local)); // memset
local.sin_family = AF_INET;
local.sin_port = htons(_port);
local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 0
// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // 1. 4字节 IP 2. 变成网络序列
// 结构体填完,设置到内核中了吗??没有
int n = ::bind(_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&local,
sizeof(local));
if (n != 0)
{
lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "bind errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
strerror(errno));
exit(Bind_Err);
}
}
void Start()
{
// 服务器永远不退出
char buffer[defaultsize];
for (;;)
{
struct sockaddr_in peer;
socklen_t len = sizeof(peer); // 不能乱写
ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) -
1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
if (n > 0)
{
InetAddr addr(peer);
buffer[n] = 0;
std::cout << "[" << addr.PrintDebug() << "]# " <<
buffer << std::endl;
sendto(_sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct
sockaddr*)&peer, len);
}
}
}
~UdpServer()
{
}
private:
// std::string _ip; // 后面要调整
uint16_t _port;
int _sockfd;
};
InetAddr.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
class InetAddr
{
public:
InetAddr(struct sockaddr_in& addr) :_addr(addr)
{
_port = ntohs(_addr.sin_port);
_ip = inet_ntoa(_addr.sin_addr);
}
std::string Ip()
{
return _ip;
}
uint16_t Port()
{
return _port;
};
std::string PrintDebug()
{
std::string info = _ip;
info += ":";
info += std::to_string(_port); // "127.0.0.1:4444"
return info;
}
~InetAddr() {}
private:
std::string _ip;
uint16_t _port;
struct sockaddr_in _addr;
};
Comm.hpp
#pragma once
enum
{
Usage_Err = 1,
Socket_Err,
Bind_Err
};
- 云服务器不允许直接bind公有IP,我们也不推荐编写服务器的时候,bind明确的IP,推荐直接写成INADDR_ANY。
/* Address to accept any incoming messages. */
#define INADDR_ANY ((in_addr_t) 0x00000000)
在网络编程中,当一个进程需要绑定一个网络端口以进行通信时,可以使用INADDR_ANY作为IP地址参数。这样做意味着该端口可以接受来自任何IP地址的连接请求,无论是本地主机还是远程主机。例如,如果服务器有多个网卡(每个网卡上有不同的IP地址),使用INADDR_ANY可以省去确定数据是从服务器上具体哪个网卡/IP地址上面获取的。
UdpClient.hpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
void Usage(const std::string& process)
{
std::cout << "Usage: " << process << " server_ip server_port"
<< std::endl;
}
// ./udp_client server_ip server_port
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc != 3)
{
Usage(argv[0]);
return 1;
}
std::string serverip = argv[1];
uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);
// 1. 创建 socket
int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sock < 0)
{
std::cerr << "socket error: " << strerror(errno) <<
std::endl;
return 2;
}
std::cout << "create socket success: " << sock << std::endl;
// 2. client 要不要进行 bind? 一定要 bind 的!!
// 但是,不需要显示 bind,client 会在首次发送数据的时候会自动进行bind
// 为什么?server 端的端口号,一定是众所周知,不可改变的,client 需要 port,bind 随机端口.
// 为什么?client 会非常多.
// client 需要 bind,但是不需要显示 bind,让本地 OS 自动随机 bind,选择随机端口号
// 2.1 填充一下 server 信息
struct sockaddr_in server;
memset(&server, 0, sizeof(server));
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_port = htons(serverport);
server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverip.c_str());
while (true)
{
// 我们要发的数据
std::string inbuffer;
std::cout << "Please Enter# ";
std::getline(std::cin, inbuffer);
// 我们要发给谁呀?server
ssize_t n = sendto(sock, inbuffer.c_str(),
inbuffer.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&server, sizeof(server));
if (n > 0)
{
char buffer[1024];
//收消息
struct sockaddr_in temp;
socklen_t len = sizeof(temp);
ssize_t m = recvfrom(sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
0, (struct sockaddr*)&temp, &len); // 一般建议都是要填的.
if (m > 0)
{
buffer[m] = 0;
std::cout << "server echo# " << buffer <<
std::endl;
}
else
break;
}
else
break;
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
1.2 -> V2版本 -DictServer
实现一个简单的英译汉的网络字典
dict.txt
**apple:苹果 **
**banana:香蕉 **
**cat:猫 **
**dog:狗 **
**book:书 **
**pen:笔 **
**happy:快乐的 **
**sad:悲伤的 **
**run:跑 **
**jump:跳 **
**teacher:老师 **
**student:学生 **
**car:汽车 **
**bus:公交车 **
**love:爱 **
**hate:恨 **
**hello:你好 **
**goodbye:再见 **
**summer:夏天 **
winter:冬天
Dict.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <unordered_map>
const std::string sep = ": ";
class Dict
{
private:
void LoadDict()
{
std::ifstream in(_confpath);
if (!in.is_open())
{
std::cerr << "open file error" << std::endl; // 后面可以用日志替代打印
return;
}
std::string line;
while (std::getline(in, line))
{
if (line.empty())
continue;
auto pos = line.find(sep);
if (pos == std::string::npos)
continue;
std::string key = line.substr(0, pos);
std::string value = line.substr(pos + sep.size());
_dict.insert(std::make_pair(key, value));
}
in.close();
}
public:
Dict(const std::string& confpath) :_confpath(confpath)
{
LoadDict();
}
std::string Translate(const std::string& key)
{
auto iter = _dict.find(key);
if (iter == _dict.end())
return std::string("Unknown");
else
return iter->second;
}
~Dict()
{}
private:
std::string _confpath;
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> _dict;
};
UdpServer.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <functional>
#include "nocopy.hpp"
#include "Log.hpp"
#include "Comm.hpp"
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
const static uint16_t defaultport = 8888;
const static int defaultfd = -1;
const static int defaultsize = 1024;
using func_t = std::function<void(const std::string& req,
std::string* resp)>;
class UdpServer : public nocopy
{
public:
UdpServer(func_t func, uint16_t port = defaultport)
: _func(func), _port(port), _sockfd(defaultfd)
{
}
void Init()
{
// 1. 创建 socket,就是创建了文件细节
_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (_sockfd < 0)
{
lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "socket errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
strerror(errno));
exit(Socket_Err);
}
lg.LogMessage(Info, "socket success, sockfd: %d\n",
_sockfd);
// 2. 绑定,指定网络信息
struct sockaddr_in local;
bzero(&local, sizeof(local)); // memset
local.sin_family = AF_INET;
local.sin_port = htons(_port);
local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 0
// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // 1. 4字节 IP 2. 变成网络序列
// 结构体填完,设置到内核中了吗??没有
int n = ::bind(_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&local,
sizeof(local));
if (n != 0)
{
lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "bind errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
strerror(errno));
exit(Bind_Err);
}
}
void Start()
{
// 服务器永远不退出
char buffer[defaultsize];
for (;;)
{
struct sockaddr_in peer;
socklen_t len = sizeof(peer); // 不能乱写
ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) -
1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
if (n > 0)
{
InetAddr addr(peer);
buffer[n] = 0;
std::cout << "[" << addr.PrintDebug() << "]# " <<
buffer << std::endl;
std::string value;
_func(buffer, &value); // 回调业务翻译方法
sendto(_sockfd, value.c_str(), value.size(), 0,
(struct sockaddr*)&peer, len);
}
}
}
~UdpServer()
{
}
private:
// std::string _ip; // 后面要调整
uint16_t _port;
int _sockfd;
func_t _func;
};
Main.cc
#include "UdpServer.hpp"
#include "Comm.hpp"
#include "Dict.hpp"
#include <memory>
void Usage(std::string proc)
{
std::cout << "Usage : \n\t" << proc << " local_port\n" <<
std::endl;
}
Dict gdict("./dict.txt");
void Execute(const std::string& req, std::string* resp)
{
*resp = gdict.Translate(req);
}
// ./udp_server 8888
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc != 2)
{
Usage(argv[0]);
return Usage_Err;
}
// std::string ip = argv[1];
uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[1]);
std::unique_ptr<UdpServer> usvr =
std::make_unique<UdpServer>(Execute, port);
usvr->Init();
usvr->Start();
return 0;
}
1.3 -> V2版本 -DictServer(封装版)
udp_socket.hpp
#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
typedef struct sockaddr sockaddr;
typedef struct sockaddr_in sockaddr_in;
class UdpSocket
{
public:
UdpSocket() : fd_(-1)
{
}
bool Socket()
{
fd_ = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (fd_ < 0)
{
perror("socket");
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool Close()
{
close(fd_);
return true;
}
bool Bind(const std::string& ip, uint16_t port)
{
sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip.c_str());
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
int ret = bind(fd_, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("bind");
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool RecvFrom(std::string* buf, std::string* ip = NULL,
uint16_t* port = NULL)
{
char tmp[1024 * 10] = { 0 };
sockaddr_in peer;
socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
ssize_t read_size = recvfrom(fd_, tmp,
sizeof(tmp) - 1, 0,
(sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
if (read_size < 0)
{
perror("recvfrom");
return false;
}
// 将读到的缓冲区内容放到输出参数中
buf->assign(tmp, read_size);
if (ip != NULL)
{
*ip = inet_ntoa(peer.sin_addr);
}
if (port != NULL)
{
*port = ntohs(peer.sin_port);
}
return true;
}
bool SendTo(const std::string& buf, const std::string& ip,
uint16_t port)
{
sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip.c_str());
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
ssize_t write_size = sendto(fd_, buf.data(), buf.size(), 0,
(sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
if (write_size < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
return false;
}
return true;
}
private:
int fd_;
};
UDP通用服务器
udp_server.hpp
#pragma once
#include "udp_socket.hpp"
// C 式写法
// typedef void (*Handler)(const std::string& req, std::string*resp);
// C++ 11 式写法, 能够兼容函数指针, 仿函数, 和 lambda
#include <functional>
typedef std::function<void(const std::string&, std::string*
resp)> Handler;
class UdpServer
{
public:
UdpServer()
{
assert(sock_.Socket());
}
~UdpServer()
{
sock_.Close();
}
bool Start(const std::string& ip, uint16_t port, Handler
handler)
{
// 1. 创建 socket
// 2. 绑定端口号
bool ret = sock_.Bind(ip, port);
if (!ret)
{
return false;
}
// 3. 进入事件循环
for (;;)
{
// 4. 尝试读取请求
std::string req;
std::string remote_ip;
uint16_t remote_port = 0;
bool ret = sock_.RecvFrom(&req, &remote_ip, &remote_port);
if (!ret)
{
continue;
}
std::string resp;
// 5. 根据请求计算响应
handler(req, &resp);
// 6. 返回响应给客户端
sock_.SendTo(resp, remote_ip, remote_port);
printf("[%s:%d] req: %s, resp: %s\n", remote_ip.c_str(),
remote_port,
req.c_str(), resp.c_str());
}
sock_.Close();
return true;
}
private:
UdpSocket sock_;
};
实现英译汉服务器
以上代码是对udp服务器进行通用接口的封装。基于以上封装,实现一个查字典的服务器就很容易了。
dict_server.cc
#include "udp_server.hpp"
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> g_dict;
void Translate(const std::string& req, std::string* resp)
{
auto it = g_dict.find(req);
if (it == g_dict.end())
{
*resp = "未查到!";
return;
}
*resp = it->second;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage ./dict_server [ip] [port]\n");
return 1;
}
// 1. 数据初始化
g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("hello", "你好"));
g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("world", "世界"));
g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("c++", "最好的编程语言"));
g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("bit", "特别 NB"));
// 2. 启动服务器
UdpServer server;
server.Start(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]), Translate);
return 0;
}
UDP通用客户端
udp_client.hpp
#pragma once
#include "udp_socket.hpp"
class UdpClient
{
public:
UdpClient(const std::string& ip, uint16_t port) : ip_(ip),
port_(port)
{
assert(sock_.Socket());
}
~UdpClient()
{
sock_.Close();
}
bool RecvFrom(std::string* buf)
{
return sock_.RecvFrom(buf);
}
bool SendTo(const std::string& buf)
{
return sock_.SendTo(buf, ip_, port_);
}
private:
UdpSocket sock_;
// 服务器端的 IP 和 端口号
std::string ip_;
uint16_t port_;
};
实现英译汉客户端
#include "udp_client.hpp"
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc != 3)
{
printf("Usage ./dict_client [ip] [port]\n");
return 1;
}
UdpClient client(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]));
for (;;)
{
std::string word;
std::cout << "请输入您要查的单词: ";
std::cin >> word;
if (!std::cin)
{
std::cout << "Good Bye" << std::endl;
break;
}
client.SendTo(word);
std::string result;
client.RecvFrom(&result);
std::cout << word << " 意思是 " << result << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
感谢各位大佬支持!!!
互三啦!!!
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