Pytest+selenium UI自动化测试实战实例（超详细）

今天来说说pytest吧，经过几周的时间学习，有收获也有疑惑，总之最后还是搞个小项目出来证明自己的努力不没有白费。

环境准备

1 确保您已经安装了

python3.x

2 配置

python3+pycharm+selenium2

开发环境
3 安装pytest库

pip install pytest

4 安装pytest -html 报告插件

pip install pytest-html

5 安装pypiwin32库(用来模拟按键)

pip install pypiwin32

6 安装openpyxl解析excel文件库

pip install openpyxl

7 安装yagmail发送报告库

pip install yagmail

8 确保已配置火狐或谷歌浏览器及对应驱动
9 确保已经正确配置好发送邮件的邮箱

项目简介

测试地址

https://mail.126.com

测试范围

1.126电子邮箱登录功能测试-验证正确帐号密码登录成功-验证错误用户名密码登录失败（有很多情况，用例里面做了充分的校验）

2.126电子邮箱添加联系人功能测试-验证正确填写必填项数据添加联系人成功-验证缺省必填项数据添加联系人失败-验证必填项字段数据格式错误添加联系人失败

3.126电子邮箱发送邮件功能测试-验证普通邮件发送成功-验证带附件邮件发送成功

项目设计

1.python编程语言设计测试脚本

2.webdriver驱动浏览器并操作页面元素

3.二次封装webdriver Api 操作方法

4.采用PageObject设计模式，设计测试业务流程

5.通过UI对象库存储页面操作元素

6.通过数据文件存储数据，读取数据，参数化测试用例并驱动测试执行

7.通过第三方插件pytest-html生成测试报告

8.通过yagmail第三方库，编写发送报告接口，测试工作完成后自动发送测试报告

目录结构

1 PytestAutoTestFrameWork
2 |—|config
3 |——|__init__.py
4 |——|conf.py
5 |——|config.ini
6 |—|data
7 |——|__init__.py
8 |——|tcData.xlsx
9 |—Page
10 |——|PageObject.py
11 |———|__init__.py
12 |———|ContactPage.py
13 |———|HomePage.py
14 |———|LoginPage.py
15 |———|SendMailPage.py
16 |——|__init__.py
17 |——|BasePage.py
18 |—|report
19 |—|TestCases
20 |——|__init__.py
21 |——|conftest.py
22 |——|test_confactCase.py
23 |——|test_loginCase.py
24 |——|test_sendMailCase.py
25 |—|util
26 |——|__init__.py
27 |——|clipboard.py
28 |——|keyboard.py
29 |——|parseConFile.py
30 |——|parseExcelFile.py
31 |——|sendMailForReport.py
32 |—|conftest.py
33 |—|pytest.ini
34 |—|RunTestCase.py

代码实现

通过126邮箱测试范围分析，我们需要通过设计剪切板，模拟键盘完成附件上传操作，因此我们首先来编写这两个方法

clipboard.py-操作剪切板

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/15 12:04
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : clipboard.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import win32con
11 import win32clipboard as WC
12
13
14 class ClipBoard(object):
15 '''设置剪切板内容和获取剪切板内容'''
16
17 @staticmethod
18 def getText():
19 '''获取剪切板的内容'''
20 WC.OpenClipboard()
21 value = WC.GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_TEXT)
22 WC.CloseClipboard()
23 return value
24
25 @staticmethod
26 def setText(value):
27 '''设置剪切板的内容'''
28 WC.OpenClipboard()
29 WC.EmptyClipboard()
30 WC.SetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT, value)
31 WC.CloseClipboard()
32
33
34 if __name__ == '__main__':
35 from selenium import webdriver
36
37 value = 'python'
38 driver = webdriver.Firefox()
39 driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
40 query = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
41 ClipBoard.setText(value)
42 clValue = ClipBoard.getText()
43 query.send_keys(clValue.decode('utf-8'))

keyboard.py-模拟键盘

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/15 12:05
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : keyboard.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10
11 # 模拟按键
12 import win32api
13 import win32con
14 import time
15
16
17 class KeyBoard(object):
18 """模拟按键"""
19 # 键盘码
20 vk_code = {
21 'enter' : 0x0D,
22 'tab' : 0x09,
23 'ctrl' : 0x11,
24 'v' : 0x56,
25 'a' : 0x41,
26 'x' : 0x58
27 }
28
29 @staticmethod
30 def keyDown(key_name):
31 """按下键"""
32 key_name = key_name.lower()
33 try:
34 win32api.keybd_event(KeyBoard.vk_code[key_name], 0, 0, 0)
35 except Exception as e:
36 print('未按下enter键')
37 print(e)
38
39 @staticmethod
40 def keyUp(key_name):
41 """抬起键"""
42 key_name = key_name.lower()
43 win32api.keybd_event(KeyBoard.vk_code[key_name], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
44
45 @staticmethod
46 def oneKey(key):
47 """模拟单个按键"""
48 key = key.lower()
49 KeyBoard.keyDown(key)
50 time.sleep(2)
51 KeyBoard.keyUp(key)
52
53 @staticmethod
54 def twoKeys(key1, key2):
55 """模拟组合按键"""
56 key1 = key1.lower()
57 key2 = key2.lower()
58 KeyBoard.keyDown(key1)
59 KeyBoard.keyDown(key2)
60 KeyBoard.keyUp(key1)
61 KeyBoard.keyUp(key2)
62
63
64 if __name__ == '__main__':
65 from selenium import webdriver
66 driver = webdriver.Firefox()
67 driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
68 driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
69 KeyBoard.twoKeys('ctrl', 'a')
70 KeyBoard.twoKeys('ctrl', 'x')

通过测试项目设计，我们需要把测试数据存放在Excel文件中，把页面操作元素存在UI对象库中也就是一个配置文件，那么我们需要对Excel 和 ini文件解析，因此我们开始编写这两个方法，设计UI对象库和测试数据文件

parseExcelFile.py-解析Excel文件

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/22 16:12
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : parseExcelFile.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 from openpyxl import load_workbook
11 from config.conf import excelPath
12
13
14 class ParseExcel(object):
15
16 def __init__(self):
17 self.wk = load_workbook(excelPath)
18 self.excelFile = excelPath
19
20 def getSheetByName(self, sheetName):
21 """获取sheet对象"""
22 sheet = self.wk[sheetName]
23 return sheet
24
25 def getRowNum(self, sheet):
26 """获取有效数据的最大行号"""
27 return sheet.max_row
28
29 def getColsNum(self, sheet):
30 """获取有效数据的最大列号"""
31 return sheet.max_column
32
33 def getRowValues(self, sheet, rowNum):
34 """获取某一行的数据"""
35 maxColsNum = self.getColsNum(sheet)
36 rowValues = []
37 for colsNum in range(1, maxColsNum + 1):
38 value = sheet.cell(rowNum, colsNum).value
39 if value is None:
40 value = ''
41 rowValues.append(value)
42 return tuple(rowValues)
43
44 def getColumnValues(self, sheet, columnNum):
45 """获取某一列的数据"""
46 maxRowNum = self.getRowNum(sheet)
47 columnValues = []
48 for rowNum in range(2, maxRowNum + 1):
49 value = sheet.cell(rowNum, columnNum).value
50 if value is None:
51 value = ''
52 columnValues.append(value)
53 return tuple(columnValues)
54
55 def getValueOfCell(self, sheet, rowNum, columnNum):
56 """获取某一个单元格的数据"""
57 value = sheet.cell(rowNum, columnNum).value
58 if value is None:
59 value = ''
60 return value
61
62 def getAllValuesOfSheet(self, sheet):
63 """获取某一个sheet页的所有测试数据，返回一个元祖组成的列表"""
64 maxRowNum = self.getRowNum(sheet)
65 columnNum = self.getColsNum(sheet)
66 allValues = []
67 for row in range(2, maxRowNum + 1):
68 rowValues = []
69 for column in range(1, columnNum + 1):
70 value = sheet.cell(row, column).value
71 if value is None:
72 value = ''
73 rowValues.append(value)
74 allValues.append(tuple(rowValues))
75 return allValues
76
77
78 if __name__ == '__main__':
79 # excel = ParseExcel()
80 # sheet = excel.getSheetByName('login')
81 # print('行号:', excel.getRowNum(sheet))
82 # print('列号:', excel.getColsNum(sheet))
83 #
84 # rowvalues = excel.getRowValues(sheet, 1)
85 # columnvalues = excel.getColumnValues(sheet, 2)
86 # valueofcell = excel.getValueOfCell(sheet, 1, 2)
87 # allvalues = excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(sheet)
88 #
89 # print('第{}行数据{}'.format(1, rowvalues))
90 # print('第{}列数据{}'.format(2, columnvalues))
91 # print('{}{}单元格的内容{}'.format(1, 2, valueofcell))
92 # print('login{}'.format(allvalues))
93
94 excel = ParseExcel()
95 sheet = excel.getSheetByName('mail')
96 print('行号:', excel.getRowNum(sheet))
97 print('列号:', excel.getColsNum(sheet))
98
99 allvalues = excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(sheet)
100
101 print('sendmail{}'.format(allvalues))

parseConFile.py-解析配置文件

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/18 10:54
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : parseConFile.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import configparser
11 from config.conf import configDir
12
13
14 class ParseConFile(object):
15
16 def __init__(self):
17 self.file = configDir
18 self.conf = configparser.ConfigParser()
19 self.conf.read(self.file, encoding='utf-8')
20
21 def getAllSections(self):
22 """获取所有的section，返回一个列表"""
23 return self.conf.sections()
24
25 def getAllOptions(self, section):
26 """获取指定section下所有的option, 返回列表"""
27 return self.conf.options(section)
28
29 def getLocatorsOrAccount(self, section, option):
30 """获取指定section, 指定option对应的数据, 返回元祖和字符串"""
31 try:
32 locator = self.conf.get(section, option)
33 if ('->' in locator):
34 locator = tuple(locator.split('->'))
35 return locator
36 except configparser.NoOptionError as e:
37 print('error:', e)
38 return 'error: No option "{}" in section: "{}"'.format(option, section)
39
40 def getOptionValue(self, section):
41 """获取指定section下所有的option和对应的数据，返回字典"""
42 value = dict(self.conf.items(section))
43 return value
44
45
46 if __name__ == '__main__':
47 cf = ParseConFile()
48 print(cf.getAllSections())
49 print(cf.getAllOptions('126LoginAccount'))
50 print(cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'username'))
51 print(cf.getOptionValue('126LoginAccount'))

config.ini

1 [126LoginAccount];126邮箱正确的登录账号和密码;运行用例时请更换正确的用户名和密码
2 username=linuxxiaochao
3 password=xiaochao11520
4 [HomePageElements];126邮箱首页菜单栏元素
5 homePage=id->_mail_tabitem_0_3text
6 mailList=id->_mail_tabitem_1_4text
7 applicationCenter=id->_mail_tabitem_2_5text
8 inBox=id->_mail_tabitem_3_6text
9 [LoginPageElements];126邮箱登录页面的元素
10 frame=xpath->//div[@id="loginDiv"]/iframe
11 username=xpath->//input[@name="email"]
12 password=xpath->//input[@name="password"]
13 loginBtn=xpath->//a[@id="dologin"]
14 ferrorHead=xpath->//div[@class="ferrorhead"]
15 [ContactPageElements];126邮箱添加联系人页面元素
16 new_contact=xpath->//span[text()="新建联系人"]
17 name=id->input_N
18 mail=xpath->//div[@id="iaddress_MAIL_wrap"]//input[@class="nui-ipt-input"]
19 star=xpath->//span[@class="nui-chk-text"]/preceding-sibling::span/b
20 phone=xpath->//div[@id='iaddress_TEL_wrap']//input[@class='nui-ipt-input']
21 comment=id->input_DETAIL
22 commit=xpath->//span[text()='确定']
23 tooltip=xpath->//span[text()='请正确填写邮件地址。']
24 [SendMailPageElements];126邮箱发送邮件页面元素
25 writeMail=xpath->//div[@id='dvNavContainer']//span[text()='写信']
26 addressee=xpath->//input[@aria-label='收件人地址输入框，请输入邮件地址，多人时地址请以分号隔开']
27 subject=xpath->//input[contains(@id, '_subjectInput')]
28 iframe=xpath->//iframe[@class="APP-editor-iframe"]
29 text=xpath->/html/body
30 sendBtn=xpath->//header//span[text()='发送']
31 expect=xpath->//h1[contains(@id,'_succInfo')]
32 uploadAttachment=xpath->//div[@title="点击添加附件"]
33 delete=xpath->//a[text()='删除']

新建excel文件，分3个sheet，分别为：login，contact，mail #每个sheet中数据可自行填写，驱动测试用例执行不同的数据进行测试
login

contact

mail

数据，UI对象库，解析方法都已经有了，接下来通过PageObject模式设计编写每个页面的操作及封装126邮箱的功能，以便后续设计用例调用

BasePage.py-webdriver二次封装

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 8:45
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : BasePage.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import time
11 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
12 from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait as wd
13 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
14 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchWindowException, TimeoutException, \
15 NoAlertPresentException, NoSuchFrameException
16 from selenium import webdriver
17
18 from util.clipboard import ClipBoard
19 from util.keyboard import KeyBoard
20 from util.parseConFile import ParseConFile
21 from util.parseExcelFile import ParseExcel
22
23
24 class BasePage(object):
25 """
26 结合显示等待封装一些selenium 内置方法
27 """
28 cf = ParseConFile()
29 excel = ParseExcel()
30
31 def __init__(self, driver, outTime=30):
32 self.byDic = {
33 'id': By.ID,
34 'name': By.NAME,
35 'class_name': By.CLASS_NAME,
36 'xpath': By.XPATH,
37 'link_text': By.LINK_TEXT
38 }
39 self.driver = driver
40 self.outTime = outTime
41
42 def findElement(self, by, locator):
43 """
44 find alone element
45 :param by: eg: id, name, xpath, css.....
46 :param locator: id, name, xpath for str
47 :return: element object
48 """
49 try:
50 print('[Info:Starting find the element "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))
51 element = wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(lambda x : x.find_element(by, locator))
52 except TimeoutException as t:
53 print('error: found "{}" timeout!'.format(locator), t)
54 except NoSuchWindowException as e:
55 print('error: no such "{}"'.format(locator), e)
56 except Exception as e:
57 raise e
58 else:
59 # print('[Info:Had found the element "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))
60 return element
61
62 def findElements(self, by, locator):
63 """
64 find group elements
65 :param by: eg: id, name, xpath, css.....
66 :param locator: eg: id, name, xpath for str
67 :return: elements object
68 """
69 try:
70 print('[Info:start find the elements "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))
71 elements = wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(lambda x : x.find_element(by, locator))
72 except TimeoutException as t:
73 print(t)
74 except NoSuchWindowException as e:
75 print(e)
76 except Exception as e:
77 raise e
78 else:
79 # print('[Info:Had found the elements "{}" by "{}"!]'.format(locator, by))
80 return elements
81
82 def isElementExsit(self, by, locator):
83 """
84 assert element if exist
85 :param by: eg: id, name, xpath, css.....
86 :param locator: eg: id, name, xpath for str
87 :return: if element return True else return false
88 """
89 if by.lower() in self.byDic:
90 try:
91 wd(self.driver, self.outTime).\
92 until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((self.byDic[by], locator)))
93 except TimeoutException:
94 print('Error: element "{}" time out!'.format(locator))
95 return False
96 except NoSuchWindowException:
97 print('Error: element "{}" not exsit!'.format(locator))
98 return False
99 return True
100 else:
101 print('the "{}" error!'.format(by))
102
103 def isClick(self, by, locator):
104 """判断是否可点击,返回元素对象"""
105 if by.lower() in self.byDic:
106 try:
107 element = wd(self.driver, self.outTime).\
108 until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((self.byDic[by], locator)))
109 except Exception:
110 return False
111 return element
112 else:
113 print('the "{}" error!'.format(by))
114
115 def isAlertAndSwitchToIt(self):
116 """
117 assert alert if exsit
118 :return: alert obj
119 """
120 try:
121 re = wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(EC.alert_is_present())
122 except NoAlertPresentException:
123 return False
124 except Exception:
125 return False
126 return re
127
128 def switchToFrame(self, by, locator):
129 """判断frame是否存在，存在就跳到frame"""
130 print('info:switching to iframe "{}"'.format(locator))
131 if by.lower() in self.byDic:
132 try:
133 wd(self.driver, self.outTime).\
134 until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((self.byDic[by], locator)))
135 except TimeoutException as t:
136 print('error: found "{}" timeout！'.format(locator), t)
137 except NoSuchFrameException as e:
138 print('error: no such "{}"'.format(locator), e)
139 except Exception as e:
140 raise e
141 else:
142 print('the "{}" error!'.format(by))
143
144 def switchToDefaultFrame(self):
145 """返回默认的frame"""
146 print('info:switch back to default iframe')
147 try:
148 self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
149 except Exception as e:
150 print(e)
151
152 def getAlertText(self):
153 """获取alert的提示信息"""
154 if self.isAlertAndSwitchToIt():
155 alert = self.isAlertAndSwitchToIt()
156 return alert.text
157 else:
158 return None
159
160 def getElementText(self, by, locator, name=None):
161 """获取某一个元素的text信息"""
162 try:
163 element = self.findElement(by, locator)
164 if name:
165 return element.get_attribute(name)
166 else:
167 return element.text
168 except:
169 print('get "{}" text failed return None'.format(locator))
170 return None
171
172 def loadUrl(self, url):
173 """加载url"""
174 print('info: string upload url "{}"'.format(url))
175 self.driver.get(url)
176
177 def getSource(self):
178 """获取页面源码"""
179 return self.driver.page_source
180
181 def sendKeys(self, by, locator, value=''):
182 """写数据"""
183 print('info:input "{}"'.format(value))
184 try:
185 element = self.findElement(by, locator)
186 element.send_keys(value)
187 except AttributeError as e:
188 print(e)
189
190 def clear(self, by, locator):
191 """清理数据"""
192 print('info:clearing value')
193 try:
194 element = self.findElement(by, locator)
195 element.clear()
196 except AttributeError as e:
197 print(e)
198
199 def click(self, by, locator):
200 """点击某个元素"""
201 print('info:click "{}"'.format(locator))
202 element = self.isClick(by, locator)
203 if element:
204 element.click()
205 else:
206 print('the "{}" unclickable!')
207
208 def sleep(self, num=0):
209 """强制等待"""
210 print('info:sleep "{}" minutes'.format(num))
211 time.sleep(num)
212
213 def ctrlV(self, value):
214 """ctrl + V 粘贴"""
215 print('info:pasting "{}"'.format(value))
216 ClipBoard.setText(value)
217 self.sleep(3)
218 KeyBoard.twoKeys('ctrl', 'v')
219
220 def enterKey(self):
221 """enter 回车键"""
222 print('info:keydown enter')
223 KeyBoard.oneKey('enter')
224
225 def waitElementtobelocated(self, by, locator):
226 """显示等待某个元素出现，且可见"""
227 print('info:waiting "{}" to be located'.format(locator))
228 try:
229 wd(self.driver, self.outTime).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((self.byDic[by], locator)))
230 except TimeoutException as t:
231 print('error: found "{}" timeout！'.format(locator), t)
232 except NoSuchWindowException as e:
233 print('error: no such "{}"'.format(locator), e)
234 except Exception as e:
235 raise e
236
237 def assertValueInSource(self, value):
238 """断言某个关键字是否存在页面源码中"""
239 print('info:assert "{}" in page source'.format(value))
240 source = self.getSource()
241 assert value in source, '关键字"{}"不存在源码中!'.format(value)
242
243 def assertStringContainsValue(self, String, value):
244 """断言某段字符串包含另一个字符串"""
245 print('info:assert "{}" contains "{}"'.format(String, value))
246 assert value in String, '"{}"不包含"{}"!'.format(String, value)
247
248
249 @staticmethod
250 def getSheet(sheetName):
251 """获取某个sheet页的对象"""
252 sheet = BasePage.excel.getSheetByName(sheetName)
253 return sheet
254
255
256 if __name__ == "__main__":
257 driver = webdriver.Firefox()
258 frame = ('xpath', '//div[@id="loginDiv"]/ifram')
259 wait = BasePage(driver)
260 driver.get('https://mail.126.com/')
261 wait.switchToFrame(*frame)
262 username = wait.findElement('xpath', '//input[@name="email"]')
263 username.send_keys('账号')
264 if wait.isElementExsit('xpath', '//input[@name="password"]'):
265 wait.findElement('xpath', '//input[@name="password"]').send_keys('xiaochao11520')
266 wait.click('xpath', '//a[@id="dologin"]')

HomePage.py-邮箱首页选择菜单

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 12:28
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : HomePage.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 from Page.BasePage import BasePage
11
12
13 class HomePage(BasePage):
14 # 配置文件读取元素
15 homePage = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'homePage')
16 mailList = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'mailList')
17 applicationCenter = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'applicationCenter')
18 inBox = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('HomePageElements', 'inBox')
19 '''首页菜单选项'''
20 def selectMenu(self, Menu='mailList'):
21 """邮箱首页选择菜单"""
22 if Menu == 'mailList':
23 self.click(*HomePage.mailList)
24 elif Menu == 'homePage':
25 self.click(*HomePage.homePage)
26 elif Menu == 'applicationCenter':
27 self.click(*HomePage.applicationCenter)
28 elif Menu == 'inBox':
29 self.click(*HomePage.inBox)
30 else:
31 raise ValueError('''
32 菜单选择错误!
33 homePage->首页
34 mailList->通讯录
35 applicationCenter->应用中心
36 inBox->收件箱''')
37
38 if __name__=='__main__':
39 from selenium import webdriver
40 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage import LoginPage
41 driver = webdriver.Firefox()
42 login = LoginPage(driver)
43 login.login('账号', 'xiaochao11520')
44
45 home = HomePage(driver)
46 home.selectMenu()

LoginPage.py-封装登录功能

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 12:28
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : LoginPage.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 from Page.BasePage import BasePage
11
12
13 class LoginPage(BasePage):
14
15 # 配置文件读取元素
16 frame = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'frame')
17 username = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'username')
18 password = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'password')
19 loginBtn = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'loginBtn')
20 ferrorHead = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('LoginPageElements', 'ferrorHead') # 登录失败提示
21
22 def login(self, userName, passWord):
23 '''登录'''
24 print('-------staring login-------')
25 self.loadUrl('https://mail.126.com')
26 self.switchToFrame(*LoginPage.frame)
27 self.clear(*LoginPage.username)
28 self.sendKeys(*LoginPage.username, userName)
29 self.clear(*LoginPage.password)
30 self.sendKeys(*LoginPage.password, passWord)
31 self.click(*LoginPage.loginBtn)
32 self.switchToDefaultFrame()
33 print('---------end login---------')
34
35 # add at 2019/04/19
36 def assertTextEqString(self, expected, name = None):
37 '''断言提示信息是否与期望的值相等'''
38 self.switchToFrame(*LoginPage.frame)
39 text = self.getElementText(*LoginPage.ferrorHead, name)
40 self.switchToDefaultFrame()
41 print('info: assert "{}" == "{}"'.format(text, expected))
42 assert text == expected, '{} ！= {}'.format(text, expected)
43
44 if __name__=="__main__":
45 from selenium import webdriver
46 driver = webdriver.Firefox()
47 login = LoginPage(driver, 30)
48 login.login('lin', '')
49 login.assertTextEqString('请输入密码')

ContactPage.py-封装添加联系人功能

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 12:29
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : ContactPage.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 from Page.BasePage import BasePage
11
12
13 class ContactPage(BasePage):
14 # 配置文件读取元素
15 new_contact = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'new_contact')
16 name = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'name')
17 mail = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'mail')
18 star = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'star')
19 phone = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'phone')
20 comment = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'comment')
21 commit = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'commit')
22 errortip = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('ContactPageElements', 'tooltip') # 错误提示
23
24 def newContact(self, Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment):
25 """添加联系人"""
26 print('--------string add contact--------')
27 self.click(*ContactPage.new_contact)
28 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.name, Name)
29 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.mail, Mail)
30 if Star == '1':
31 self.click(*ContactPage.star)
32 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.phone, Phone)
33 self.sendKeys(*ContactPage.comment, Comment)
34 self.click(*ContactPage.commit)
35 print('--------end add contact--------')
36
37 def assertErrorTip(self, excepted):
38 """断言联系人添加失败时是否有提示信息"""
39 text = self.getElementText(*ContactPage.errortip)
40 print('info: assert "{}"=="{}"'.format(text, excepted))
41 assert text == excepted
42
43 if __name__ == '__main__':
44 from selenium import webdriver
45 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage import LoginPage
46 from Page.PageObject.HomePage import HomePage
47 driver = webdriver.Firefox()
48 home = HomePage(driver)
49 login = LoginPage(driver)
50 contact = ContactPage(driver)
51
52 login.login('账号', 'xiaochao11520')
53 home.selectMenu()
54 contact.newContact('[email protected]')

SendMailPage.py-封装发送邮件功能

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 9:16
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : SendMailPage.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 from Page.BasePage import BasePage
11
12
13 class SendMailPage(BasePage):
14 # 配置文件读取元素
15 writeMail = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'writeMail')
16 addressee = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'addressee')
17 subject = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'subject')
18 iframe = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'iframe')
19 text = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'text')
20 sendBtn = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'sendBtn')
21 expect = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'expect')
22 uploadAttachment = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'uploadAttachment')
23 delete = BasePage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('SendMailPageElements', 'delete')
24
25 def sendMail(self, Address, Subject, Text, PFA=''):
26 """发送邮件功能"""
27 print('------------string send mail---------------------')
28 self.click(*SendMailPage.writeMail)
29 self.sendKeys(*SendMailPage.addressee, Address)
30 self.sendKeys(*SendMailPage.subject, Subject)
31 self.switchToFrame(*SendMailPage.iframe)
32 self.sendKeys(*SendMailPage.text, Text)
33 self.switchToDefaultFrame()
34 if PFA:
35 self.click(*SendMailPage.uploadAttachment)
36 self.ctrlV(PFA)
37 self.enterKey()
38 self.waitElementtobelocated(*SendMailPage.delete)
39 self.click(*SendMailPage.sendBtn)
40 print('------------end send mail---------------------')
41
42 if __name__=='__main__':
43 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage import LoginPage
44 from selenium import webdriver
45 driver = webdriver.Firefox()
46
47 login = LoginPage(driver)
48 login.login('账号', 'xiaochao11520')
49 sendMail = SendMailPage(driver)
50 sendMail.sendMail('[email protected]', 'pytest', 'pytest实战实例', 1, 'D:\KeyWordDriverTestFrameWork\geckodriver.log')

所有的准备工作都已经做好了，还有一个问题，我们的添加联系人和发送邮件应该是否应该在已经登录的前提下测试呢？答案是肯定的。所以我们在用例同目录下新建conftest.py文件并调用登录功能。

conftest.py-同用例目录下，调用登录功能

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 15:10
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : conftest.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import pytest
11 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage import LoginPage
12
13
14 # 从配置文件中获取正确的用户名和密码
15 userName = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'username')
16 passWord = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'password')
17 @pytest.fixture(scope='function')
18 def login(driver):
19 '''除登录用例，每一个用例的前置条件'''
20 print('------------staring login------------')
21 loginFunc = LoginPage(driver, 30)
22 loginFunc.login(userName, passWord)
23 yield
24 print('------------end login------------')
25 driver.delete_all_cookies()

ok，开始编写测试用例啦
test_loginCase.py-登录功能测试

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 14:10
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : test_loginCase.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import pytest
11 from Page.PageObject.LoginPage import LoginPage
12
13
14 @pytest.mark.loginTest
15 class TestLogin(object):
16
17 # 测试数据
18 loginSheet = LoginPage.getSheet('login')
19 data = LoginPage.excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(loginSheet)
20
21 # 正确的帐号和密码
22 userName = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'username')
23 passWord = LoginPage.cf.getLocatorsOrAccount('126LoginAccount', 'password')
24
25 @pytest.fixture()
26 def teardown_func(self, driver):
27 """
28 执行每个用例之后要清除一下cookie，
29 否则你第一个账号登录之后，重新加载网址还是登录状态，无法测试后面的账号
30 """
31 yield
32 driver.delete_all_cookies()
33
34 @pytest.mark.parametrize('username, password, expect', data)
35 def test_login(self, teardown_func, driver, username, password, expect):
36 """测试登录"""
37 login = LoginPage(driver, 30)
38 login.login(username, password)
39 login.sleep(5)
40 # 增加登录失败时，对提示信息的验证
41 if username == TestLogin.userName and password == TestLogin.passWord:
42 login.assertValueInSource(expect)
43 elif username == '':
44 login.assertTextEqString(expect)
45 elif username != '' and password == '':
46 login.assertTextEqString(expect)
47 elif username == '' and password == '':
48 login.assertTextEqString(expect)
49 else:
50 login.assertTextEqString(expect)
51
52
53 if __name__ == "__main__":
54 pytest.main(['-v', 'test_loginCase.py'])

test_contactCase.py-添加联系人功能测试

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 16:15
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : test_contactCase.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import re
11 import pytest
12 from Page.PageObject.HomePage import HomePage
13 from Page.PageObject.ContactPage import ContactPage
14
15
16 @pytest.mark.conatctTest
17 class TestAddContact(object):
18
19 # 测试数据
20 contactSheet = ContactPage.getSheet('contact')
21 data = ContactPage.excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(contactSheet)
22
23 @pytest.mark.newcontact
24 @pytest.mark.parametrize('Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment, expect', data)
25 def test_NewContact(self, driver, login, Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment, expect):
26 """测试添加联系人"""
27 home_page = HomePage(driver)
28 contact_page = ContactPage(driver)
29 home_page.selectMenu()
30 contact_page.newContact(Name, Mail, Star, Phone, Comment)
31 home_page.sleep(5)
32 # 校验错误的邮箱是否提示信息正确
33 if re.match(r'^.{1,}@[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,13}\..*$', Mail):
34 contact_page.assertValueInSource(expect)
35 else:
36 contact_page.assertErrorTip(expect)
37
38 if __name__ == '__main__':
39 pytest.main(['-v', 'test_contactCase.py'])

test_sendMailCase.py-发送邮件功能测试

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 10:04
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : test_sendMailCase.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import pytest
11 from Page.PageObject.SendMailPage import SendMailPage
12
13 @pytest.mark.sendMailTest
14 class TestSendMail(object):
15
16 sendMailSheet = SendMailPage.getSheet('mail')
17 data = SendMailPage.excel.getAllValuesOfSheet(sendMailSheet)
18
19 @pytest.mark.sendmail
20 @pytest.mark.parametrize('Address, Subject, Text, PFA', data)
21 def test_sendMail(self, driver, login, Address, Subject, Text,PFA):
22 """测试发送邮件，包括带附件的邮件"""
23 send_mail = SendMailPage(driver)
24 send_mail.sendMail(Address, Subject, Text, PFA)
25 send_mail.sleep(5)
26 assert send_mail.isElementExsit(*SendMailPage.expect)
27
28 if __name__=='__main__':
29 pytest.main(['-v', 'test_sendMailCase.py'])

问题

用例已经写完了，有两个问题

1.有没有发现我们的报告怎么生成的？也没有失败用例截图？

2.我们貌似并没有编写驱动浏览器的代码？

现在我们来解决这个两个问题

根据pytest的conftest.py文件的原理，我们可以把驱动浏览器的代码写在一个全局的conftest.py文件里面。报告生成其实是通过命令 pytest --html=‘report.html’ --self-contained-html生成的，但是这样的报告对用例的描述不是很清晰，且没有对失败用例截图，也不方便我们分析项目的缺陷，我们也可以填写代码放到这个文件里面

conftest.py-全局conftest.py文件

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/12 14:10
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : conftest.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import pytest
11 from selenium import webdriver
12 from py._xmlgen import html
13
14 _driver = None
15 # 测试失败时添加截图和测试用例描述(用例的注释信息)
16
17 @pytest.mark.hookwrapper
18 def pytest_runtest_makereport(item):
19 """
20 当测试失败的时候，自动截图，展示到html报告中
21 :param item:
22 """
23 pytest_html = item.config.pluginmanager.getplugin('html')
24 outcome = yield
25 report = outcome.get_result()
26 extra = getattr(report, 'extra', [])
27
28 if report.when == 'call' or report.when == "setup":
29 xfail = hasattr(report, 'wasxfail')
30 if (report.skipped and xfail) or (report.failed and not xfail):
31 file_name = report.nodeid.replace("::", "_")+".png"
32 screen_img = _capture_screenshot()
33 if file_name:
34 html = '<div><img src="data:image/png;base64,%s" alt="screenshot" style="width:600px;height:300px;" ' \
35 'onclick="window.open(this.src)" align="right"/></div>' % screen_img
36 extra.append(pytest_html.extras.html(html))
37 report.extra = extra
38 report.description = str(item.function.__doc__)
39 report.nodeid = report.nodeid.encode("utf-8").decode("unicode_escape")
40
41
42 @pytest.mark.optionalhook
43 def pytest_html_results_table_header(cells):
44 cells.insert(1, html.th('Description'))
45 cells.insert(2, html.th('Test_nodeid'))
46 cells.pop(2)
47
48
49 @pytest.mark.optionalhook
50 def pytest_html_results_table_row(report, cells):
51 cells.insert(1, html.td(report.description))
52 cells.insert(2, html.td(report.nodeid))
53 cells.pop(2)
54
55
56 def _capture_screenshot():
57 """
58 截图保存为base64
59 :return:
60 """
61 return _driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
62 # 这里我设置的级别是模块级别，也就是每个测试文件运行一次
63 # 可以设置为session，全部用例执行一次，但是针对126邮箱的话
64 # 登录次数太多会叫你验证，如果验证就没法执行用例了，我没有对验证处理（处理比较复杂）
65
66
67 @pytest.fixture(scope='module')
68 def driver():
69 global _driver
70 print('------------open browser------------')
71 _driver = webdriver.Firefox()
72
73 yield _driver
74 print('------------close browser------------')
75 _driver.quit()

最后呢，为了减小项目维护成本，我们把一些全局的配置项，放到我们的功能配置文件中共全局使用，包括运行用例的一些命令字符串，可以自行修改

conf.py-全局配置文件

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/20 16:50
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : conf.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 from datetime import datetime
11 import os
12 # 项目根目录
13 projectDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
14 # 报告目录
15 reportDir = os.path.join(projectDir, 'report')
16 # ui对象库config.ini文件所在目录
17 configDir = os.path.join(projectDir, 'config', 'config.ini')
18 # 测试数据所在目录
19 excelPath = os.path.join(projectDir, 'data', 'tcData.xlsx')
20 # 当前时间
21 currentTime = datetime.now().strftime('%H_%M_%S')
22
23 # 邮件配置信息
24 # 邮件服务器
25 smtpServer = 'smtp.qq.com'
26 # 发送者
27 fromUser = '账号@qq.com'
28 # 发送者密码
29 fromPassWord = 'mhxvqpewblldbjhf'
30 # 接收者
31 toUser = ['账号@qq.com']# 可以同时发送给多人，追加到列表中
32 # 邮件标题
33 subject = 'xx项目自动化测试报告'
34 # 邮件正文
35 contents = '测试报告正文'
36 # 报告名称
37 htmlName = r'{}\testReport{}.html'.format(reportDir, currentTime)
38
39 # 脚本执行命令
40 args = r'pytest --html=' + htmlName+ ' ' + '--self-contained-html'
41 # modify by linuxchao at 2019/4/25
42 args_login = r'pytest --html='+ htmlName+ ' ' + '-m' + ' ' + 'loginTest'+ ' --self-contained-html'
43 args_contact = r'pytest --html='+ htmlName+ ' ' + '-m' + ' ' + 'contactTest'+ ' --self-contained-html'
44 args_sendmail = r'pytest --html='+ htmlName+ ' ' + '-m' + ' ' + 'sendMailTest'+ ' --self-contained-html'

运行项目

通过命令运行

1.cmd切换到项目的根目录，执行pytest --html=‘report.html’ --self-contained-html命令（此运行方式，无法发送测试报告邮件）

这种方式感觉有点low，我们换另外一种方式，可以通过os模块自动执行相关命令，编写运行用例代码

RunTestCase.py-执行用例文件

1 """
2 ------------------------------------
3 @Time : 2019/4/15 16:14
4 @Auth : linux超
5 @File : RunTestCase.py
6 @IDE : PyCharm
7 @Motto: Real warriors,dare to face the bleak warning,dare to face the incisive error!
8 ------------------------------------
9 """
10 import sys
11 sys.path.append('.')
12 from config.conf import *
13 from util.sendMailForReprot import SendMailWithReport
14
15
16 def main():
17 # 判断项目的根目录是否在sys.path中，没有就添加
18 if projectDir not in sys.path:
19 sys.path.append(projectDir)
20 # 执行用例
21 os.system(args)
22 # 发送邮件
23 SendMailWithReport.send_mail(
24 smtpServer, fromUser, fromPassWord,
25 toUser, subject, contents,
26 htmlName)
27
28
29 if __name__ == '__main__':
30 main()

我们可以直接执行这个文件执行所用的测试用例了！

其实我们运行用例往往不只是使用pytest --html=‘report.html’ --self-contained-html 这样一个简单的命令运行，通常会添加很多的命令选项，比如-v,-q,-s等等，那么怎么办呢？这时候就用到了pytest.ini配置文件了

只添加了几个简单的命令选项

pytest.ini-pytest配置文件

1 [pytest]
2 addopts=-vqs
3 testpaths=./TestCases
4 markers=
5 loginTest: Run login test cases
6 contactTest: Run add contact test cases
7 sendMailTest: Run send mail test cases

测试输出
1.自动生成html格式报告，其中报告里面附带用例执行日志明细，及用例失败自动截图(部分报告展示)

2.自动发送测试邮件给指定用户

最后：下方这份完整的软件测试视频教程已经整理上传完成，需要的朋友们可以自行领取**

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标签： pytest selenium ui

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_56331124/article/details/141832564
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