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Linux安装Kubernetes（k8s）详细教程

系统初始化

生产环境肯定要更高配置，虚拟机以保守的最低配置。

机器ip规格master192.168.203.111核2线程、2G内存、40G磁盘node2192.168.203.121核2线程、2G内存、40G磁盘node3192.168.203.131核2线程、2G内存、40G磁盘

修改为静态ip

  1. vi /etc/resolv.conf

追加内容后保存并退出

  1. nameserver 223.5.5.5
  2. nameserver 223.6.6.6
  1. sudovi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

BOOTPROTO="dhcp"改成BOOTPROTO=“static”，如果是复制的机器UUID、IPADDR也要不一致

  1. TYPE="Ethernet"PROXY_METHOD="none"BROWSER_ONLY="no"BOOTPROTO="static"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"NAME="ens33"UUID="0ef41c81-2fa8-405d-9ab5-3ff34ac815cf"DEVICE="ens33"ONBOOT="yes"IPADDR="192.168.203.11"PREFIX="24"GATEWAY="192.168.203.2"IPV6_PRIVACY="no"

重启网络使配置生效

  1. sudo systemctl restart network

永久关闭防火墙（所有机器）

  1. sudo systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

永久关闭selinux（所有机器）

  1. sudosed-i's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

启用selinux命令：setenforce 0【不需要执行，只是作为一种记录】

永久禁止swap分区（所有机器）

  1. sudosed-ri's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

永久设置hostname（根据机器分别设置mster、node1、node2）

三台机器分别为mster、node1、node2

  1. sudo hostnamectl set-hostname master

使用hostnamectl或hostname命令验证是否修改成功

在hosts文件添加内容（仅master设置）

  1. sudocat>> /etc/hosts <<EOF
  2. 192.168.203.11 master
  3. 192.168.203.12 node1
  4. 192.168.203.13 node2
  5. EOF

将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链（所有机器）

  1. sudocat> /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
  2. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
  3. net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
  4. net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
  5. vm.swappiness = 0
  6. EOF

使k8s.conf立即生效

  1. sudosysctl--system

时间同步（所有机器）

  1. sudo yum install-y ntpdate

安装好后执行同步时间命令

  1. sudo ntpdate time.windows.com

所有机器安装Docker、Kubeadm、Kubelet、Kubectl

安装Docker

安装必要的一些系统工具

  1. yum install-y net-tools
  2. yum install-ywgetsudo yum install-y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

安装配置管理和设置镜像源

  1. sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  2. sudosed-i's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

查找Docker-CE的版本

  1. sudo yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates|sort-r

安装指定版本的docker-ce
sudo yum -y install docker-ce-[VERSION]

  1. sudo yum -yinstall docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7

启动docker服务

  1. sudo systemctl enabledocker&&sudo systemctl start docker

查看docker是否启动成功【注意docker的Client和Server要一致，否则某些情况下会报错】

  1. sudodocker--version

创建/etc/docker/daemon.json文件并设置docker仓库为aliyun仓库

  1. sudocat> /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
  2. {
  3.     "registry-mirrors":["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
  4. }
  5. EOF

重启docker查看配置是否生效

  1. sudodocker info

重启

  1. sudoreboot now

添加yum软件源kubernetes.repo为阿里云

  1. cat<<EOF> /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
  2. [kubernetes]
  3. name=Kubernetes
  4. baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
  5. enabled=1
  6. gpgcheck=0
  7. repo_gpgcheck=0
  8. gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
  9. EOF

安装 kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

  1. sudo yum install-y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0

设置开机启动和启动

  1. sudo systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

部署Kubernetes

apiserver-advertise-address表示master主机ip
image-repository表示镜像仓库
kubernetes-version表示k8s的版本，跟上面的kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl版本一致
service-cidr表示集群内部虚拟网络，Pod统一访问入口
pod-network-cidr表示Pod网络，与下面部署的CNI网络组件yaml中保持一致

Kubernetes初始化【仅master执行，过程可能会有点久，请耐心等待命令行输出】

–v=5可加可不加，建议加，输出完整的日志，方便排查问题

  1. kubeadm init \--v=5\
  2. --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.203.11 \
  3. --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  4. --kubernetes-version=v1.18.0 \
  5. --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  6. --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

输出以下内容表示初始化成功

  1. Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
  3. To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
  5.   mkdir-p$HOME/.kube
  6.   sudocp-i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  7.   sudochown$(id-u):$(id-g)$HOME/.kube/config
  9. You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
  10. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  11.   https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
  13. Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
  15. kubeadm join192.168.203.11:6443 --token 51c0rb.ehwwxemgec75r1g6 \
  16.     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fad429370f462b36d2651e3e37be4d4b34e63d0378966a1532442dc3f67e41b4

根据上面的提示执行对应的To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user：命令

master节点执行，node节点不执行
kubectl get nodes查看节点信息

  1. mkdir-p$HOME/.kube
  2. sudocp-i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  3. sudochown$(id-u):$(id-g)$HOME/.kube/config
  4. kubectl get nodes

node节点根据上面的提示执行对应的Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root：命令

node节点执行，master节点不执行

  1. kubeadm join192.168.203.11:6443 --token 51c0rb.ehwwxemgec75r1g6 \
  2.     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fad429370f462b36d2651e3e37be4d4b34e63d0378966a1532442dc3f67e41b4

node1和node2执行命令

安装cni

kube-flannel-ds-amd.yml文件

  1. ---apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
  2. kind: PodSecurityPolicy
  3. metadata:name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  4.   annotations:seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
  5.     seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
  6.     apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
  7.     apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
  8. spec:privileged:falsevolumes:- configMap
  9.     - secret
  10.     - emptyDir
  11.     - hostPath
  12.   allowedHostPaths:-pathPrefix:"/etc/cni/net.d"-pathPrefix:"/etc/kube-flannel"-pathPrefix:"/run/flannel"readOnlyRootFilesystem:false# Users and groupsrunAsUser:rule: RunAsAny
  13.   supplementalGroups:rule: RunAsAny
  14.   fsGroup:rule: RunAsAny
  15.   # Privilege EscalationallowPrivilegeEscalation:falsedefaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation:false# CapabilitiesallowedCapabilities:['NET_ADMIN']defaultAddCapabilities:[]requiredDropCapabilities:[]# Host namespaceshostPID:falsehostIPC:falsehostNetwork:truehostPorts:-min:0max:65535# SELinuxseLinux:# SELinux is unused in CaaSPrule:'RunAsAny'---kind: ClusterRole
  16. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
  17. metadata:name: flannel
  18. rules:-apiGroups:['extensions']resources:['podsecuritypolicies']verbs:['use']resourceNames:['psp.flannel.unprivileged']-apiGroups:-""resources:- pods
  19.     verbs:- get
  20.   -apiGroups:-""resources:- nodes
  21.     verbs:- list
  22.       - watch
  23.   -apiGroups:-""resources:- nodes/status
  24.     verbs:- patch
  25. ---kind: ClusterRoleBinding
  26. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
  27. metadata:name: flannel
  28. roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  29.   kind: ClusterRole
  30.   name: flannel
  31. subjects:-kind: ServiceAccount
  32.   name: flannel
  33.   namespace: kube-system
  34. ---apiVersion: v1
  35. kind: ServiceAccount
  36. metadata:name: flannel
  37.   namespace: kube-system
  38. ---kind: ConfigMap
  39. apiVersion: v1
  40. metadata:name: kube-flannel-cfg
  41.   namespace: kube-system
  42.   labels:tier: node
  43.     app: flannel
  44. data:cni-conf.json:|
  45.     {
  46.       "name": "cbr0",
  47.       "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
  48.       "plugins": [
  49.         {
  50.           "type": "flannel",
  51.           "delegate": {
  52.             "hairpinMode": true,
  53.             "isDefaultGateway": true
  54.           }
  55.         },
  56.         {
  57.           "type": "portmap",
  58.           "capabilities": {
  59.             "portMappings": true
  60.           }
  61.         }
  62.       ]
  63.     }net-conf.json:|
  64.     {
  65.       "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
  66.       "Backend": {
  67.         "Type": "vxlan"
  68.       }
  69.     }---apiVersion: apps/v1
  70. kind: DaemonSet
  71. metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  72.   namespace: kube-system
  73.   labels:tier: node
  74.     app: flannel
  75. spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flannel
  76.   template:metadata:labels:tier: node
  77.         app: flannel
  78.     spec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:-matchExpressions:-key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  79.                     operator: In
  80.                     values:- linux
  81.                   -key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  82.                     operator: In
  83.                     values:- amd64
  84.       hostNetwork:truetolerations:-operator: Exists
  85.         effect: NoSchedule
  86.       serviceAccountName: flannel
  87.       initContainers:-name: install-cni
  88.         image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.0-rc2
  89.         command:- cp
  90.         args:--f
  91.         - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
  92.         - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  93.         volumeMounts:-name: cni
  94.           mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
  95.         -name: flannel-cfg
  96.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  97.       containers:-name: kube-flannel
  98.         image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.0-rc2
  99.         command:- /opt/bin/flanneld
  100.         args:---ip-masq
  101.         ---kube-subnet-mgr
  102.         resources:requests:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"limits:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"securityContext:privileged:falsecapabilities:add:["NET_ADMIN"]env:-name: POD_NAME
  103.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name
  104.         -name: POD_NAMESPACE
  105.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  106.         volumeMounts:-name: run
  107.           mountPath: /run/flannel
  108.         -name: flannel-cfg
  109.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  110.       volumes:-name: run
  111.           hostPath:path: /run/flannel
  112.         -name: cni
  113.           hostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d
  114.         -name: flannel-cfg
  115.           configMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
  116. ---apiVersion: apps/v1
  117. kind: DaemonSet
  118. metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  119.   namespace: kube-system
  120.   labels:tier: node
  121.     app: flannel
  122. spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flannel
  123.   template:metadata:labels:tier: node
  124.         app: flannel
  125.     spec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:-matchExpressions:-key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  126.                     operator: In
  127.                     values:- linux
  128.                   -key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  129.                     operator: In
  130.                     values:- arm64
  131.       hostNetwork:truetolerations:-operator: Exists
  132.         effect: NoSchedule
  133.       serviceAccountName: flannel
  134.       initContainers:-name: install-cni
  135.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
  136.         command:- cp
  137.         args:--f
  138.         - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
  139.         - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  140.         volumeMounts:-name: cni
  141.           mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
  142.         -name: flannel-cfg
  143.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  144.       containers:-name: kube-flannel
  145.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
  146.         command:- /opt/bin/flanneld
  147.         args:---ip-masq
  148.         ---kube-subnet-mgr
  149.         resources:requests:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"limits:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"securityContext:privileged:falsecapabilities:add:["NET_ADMIN"]env:-name: POD_NAME
  150.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name
  151.         -name: POD_NAMESPACE
  152.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  153.         volumeMounts:-name: run
  154.           mountPath: /run/flannel
  155.         -name: flannel-cfg
  156.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  157.       volumes:-name: run
  158.           hostPath:path: /run/flannel
  159.         -name: cni
  160.           hostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d
  161.         -name: flannel-cfg
  162.           configMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
  163. ---apiVersion: apps/v1
  164. kind: DaemonSet
  165. metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  166.   namespace: kube-system
  167.   labels:tier: node
  168.     app: flannel
  169. spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flannel
  170.   template:metadata:labels:tier: node
  171.         app: flannel
  172.     spec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:-matchExpressions:-key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  173.                     operator: In
  174.                     values:- linux
  175.                   -key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  176.                     operator: In
  177.                     values:- arm
  178.       hostNetwork:truetolerations:-operator: Exists
  179.         effect: NoSchedule
  180.       serviceAccountName: flannel
  181.       initContainers:-name: install-cni
  182.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
  183.         command:- cp
  184.         args:--f
  185.         - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
  186.         - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  187.         volumeMounts:-name: cni
  188.           mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
  189.         -name: flannel-cfg
  190.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  191.       containers:-name: kube-flannel
  192.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
  193.         command:- /opt/bin/flanneld
  194.         args:---ip-masq
  195.         ---kube-subnet-mgr
  196.         resources:requests:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"limits:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"securityContext:privileged:falsecapabilities:add:["NET_ADMIN"]env:-name: POD_NAME
  197.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name
  198.         -name: POD_NAMESPACE
  199.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  200.         volumeMounts:-name: run
  201.           mountPath: /run/flannel
  202.         -name: flannel-cfg
  203.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  204.       volumes:-name: run
  205.           hostPath:path: /run/flannel
  206.         -name: cni
  207.           hostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d
  208.         -name: flannel-cfg
  209.           configMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
  210. ---apiVersion: apps/v1
  211. kind: DaemonSet
  212. metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  213.   namespace: kube-system
  214.   labels:tier: node
  215.     app: flannel
  216. spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flannel
  217.   template:metadata:labels:tier: node
  218.         app: flannel
  219.     spec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:-matchExpressions:-key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  220.                     operator: In
  221.                     values:- linux
  222.                   -key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  223.                     operator: In
  224.                     values:- ppc64le
  225.       hostNetwork:truetolerations:-operator: Exists
  226.         effect: NoSchedule
  227.       serviceAccountName: flannel
  228.       initContainers:-name: install-cni
  229.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
  230.         command:- cp
  231.         args:--f
  232.         - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
  233.         - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  234.         volumeMounts:-name: cni
  235.           mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
  236.         -name: flannel-cfg
  237.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  238.       containers:-name: kube-flannel
  239.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
  240.         command:- /opt/bin/flanneld
  241.         args:---ip-masq
  242.         ---kube-subnet-mgr
  243.         resources:requests:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"limits:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"securityContext:privileged:falsecapabilities:add:["NET_ADMIN"]env:-name: POD_NAME
  244.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name
  245.         -name: POD_NAMESPACE
  246.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  247.         volumeMounts:-name: run
  248.           mountPath: /run/flannel
  249.         -name: flannel-cfg
  250.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  251.       volumes:-name: run
  252.           hostPath:path: /run/flannel
  253.         -name: cni
  254.           hostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d
  255.         -name: flannel-cfg
  256.           configMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
  257. ---apiVersion: apps/v1
  258. kind: DaemonSet
  259. metadata:name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  260.   namespace: kube-system
  261.   labels:tier: node
  262.     app: flannel
  263. spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flannel
  264.   template:metadata:labels:tier: node
  265.         app: flannel
  266.     spec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:-matchExpressions:-key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  267.                     operator: In
  268.                     values:- linux
  269.                   -key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  270.                     operator: In
  271.                     values:- s390x
  272.       hostNetwork:truetolerations:-operator: Exists
  273.         effect: NoSchedule
  274.       serviceAccountName: flannel
  275.       initContainers:-name: install-cni
  276.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
  277.         command:- cp
  278.         args:--f
  279.         - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
  280.         - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  281.         volumeMounts:-name: cni
  282.           mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
  283.         -name: flannel-cfg
  284.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  285.       containers:-name: kube-flannel
  286.         image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
  287.         command:- /opt/bin/flanneld
  288.         args:---ip-masq
  289.         ---kube-subnet-mgr
  290.         resources:requests:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"limits:cpu:"100m"memory:"50Mi"securityContext:privileged:falsecapabilities:add:["NET_ADMIN"]env:-name: POD_NAME
  291.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name
  292.         -name: POD_NAMESPACE
  293.           valueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  294.         volumeMounts:-name: run
  295.           mountPath: /run/flannel
  296.         -name: flannel-cfg
  297.           mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  298.       volumes:-name: run
  299.           hostPath:path: /run/flannel
  300.         -name: cni
  301.           hostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d
  302.         -name: flannel-cfg
  303.           configMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg
  1. docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.0-rc2
  2. kubectl apply -f kube-flannel-ds-amd.yml

kubectl get pod -n kube-system 查看kube-flannel-ds-XXX 是否为runnin状态

  1. systemctl restart kubelet
  2. kubectl get pod -n kube-system

master执行

  1. kubectl get node

node1和node2节点处于Ready状态

  1. [root@master ~]# kubectl get node
  2. NAME     STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
  3. master   Ready    master   50m   v1.18.0
  4. node1    Ready    <none>   49m   v1.18.0
  5. node2    Ready    <none>   49m   v1.18.0

master部署CNI网络插件【如果前面没有把–network-plugin=cni移除并重启kubelet，这步很可能会报错】

  1. kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
  2. kubectl get pods -n kube-system
  3. kubectl get node

master执行测试Kubernetes（k8s）集群

  1. kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
  2. kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
  3. kubectl get pod,svc

输出如下

  1. NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
  2. service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        21m
  3. service/nginx        NodePort    10.108.8.133   <none>        80:30008/TCP   111s

如果nginx启动失败，则进行删除

  1. kubectl delete service nginx
标签： linux kubernetes 运维
本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43933728/article/details/137977799
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