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【SpringBoot3+Vue3】一【基础篇】

前言：通过SpringBoot3+Vue3学习，我们可以学会单体前后端当中的常用技术，独立完成后端接口和页面的开发，大大提升编码能力.本课程需要jdk17+、idea2021+、maven3.5+，Spring3+Vue3

一、Spring Boot概述

Spring Boot是Spring提供的一个子项目，用于快速构建Spring应用程序

1、Spring Boot 特性

1.1 起步依赖

本质上就是一个Maven坐标，整合了完成一个功能需要的所有坐标

1.2 自动配置

遵循约定大约配置的原则，在boot程序启动后，一些bean对象会自动注入到ioc容器，不需要手动声明，简化开发。

1.3 其他特性

1.3.1 内嵌的Tomcat、Jetty (无需部署WAR文件)
1.3.2 外部化配置
1.3.3 不需要XML配置(properties/yml)

二、Spring Boot入门

1、一个入门程序需求

需求:使用SpringBoot开发一个web应用，浏览器发起请求/hello后，给浏览器返回字符串“hello world ~".

2、步骤

2.1 创建Maven工程

2.2 导入Spring-boot-start-web起步依赖

2.3 编写Controller

package com.bocai.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "Hello World!";
    }
}

2.4 提供启动类

启动服务访问：http://localhost:8080/hello![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/331d0c1ffe4b43a693ec078b49b8f7c5.png)

3、手动创建SpringBoot工程（不重要）

3.1 创建Maven工程

3.2 引入依赖

   <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.5</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

3.3 提供启动类

3.3.1 修改App文件名为启动类名

一般为项目名+Application

package com.bocai;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootQuickstartApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootQuickstartApplication.class, args);
    }

}
3.3.2 手动生成resources文件夹

3.3.3 手动生成application.properies 等

三、SpringBoot配置文件

1、properties配置文件

server.port=9090

2、yaml配置文件（推荐）

server:
  port: 9091
  servlet:
    context-path: /start2

3、yml配置信息书写与获取

2.1 第三方技术配置信息

2.2 自定义配置信息

发送邮件为例

2.2.1 引入发送邮件依赖
   <!-- 发送邮件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.eclipse.angus</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>
2.2.2 工具类MailUtil
package com.bocai.utils;

import com.bocai.pojo.EmailProperties;
import jakarta.mail.*;
import jakarta.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import jakarta.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import java.util.Properties;

public class MailUtil {

    /**
     * 发送邮件
     * @param emailProperties 发件人信息(发件人邮箱,发件人授权码)及邮件服务器信息(邮件服务器域名,身份验证开关)
     * @param to 收件人邮箱
     * @param title 邮件标题
     * @param content 邮件正文
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean sendMail(EmailProperties emailProperties, String to, String title, String content){
        MimeMessage message = null;
        try {
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.put("mail.smtp.host", emailProperties.getHost());
            properties.put("mail.smtp.auth",emailProperties.isAuth());
            properties.put("mail.user", emailProperties.getUser());
            properties.put("mail.password", emailProperties.getCode());

            // 构建授权信息，用于进行SMTP进行身份验证
            Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    return new PasswordAuthentication(emailProperties.getUser(), emailProperties.getCode());
                }
            };
            // 使用环境属性和授权信息，创建邮件会话
            Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(properties, authenticator);
            // 创建邮件消息
            message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);

        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //如果邮件创建失败,直接返回
        if (message==null){
            return false;
        }

        try {
            // 设置发件人
            InternetAddress form = new InternetAddress(emailProperties.getUser());
            message.setFrom(form);

            // 设置收件人
            InternetAddress toAddress = new InternetAddress(to);
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, toAddress);

            // 设置邮件标题
            message.setSubject(title);

            // 设置邮件的内容体
            message.setContent(content, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            // 发送邮件
            Transport.send(message);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }
}
2.2.3 controller
package com.bocai.controller;

import com.bocai.service.EmailServcie;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class EmailController {

    @Autowired
    private EmailServcie emailServcie;

    @RequestMapping("/send")
    public  Boolean send(){
        //收件人信箱
        String to = "[email protected]";

        //邮件标题
        String title = "测试邮件";

        //正文
        String content = "使用java进行邮件发送测试的正文";

        boolean flag = emailServcie.send(to,title,content);
        return flag;
    }
}
2.2.4 service
package com.bocai.service;

public interface EmailServcie {
    boolean send(String to, String title, String content);
}
2.2.5 serviceImpl
package com.bocai.service.impl;

import com.bocai.pojo.EmailProperties;
import com.bocai.service.EmailServcie;
import com.bocai.utils.MailUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class EmailServiceImpl implements EmailServcie {

    @Autowired
    private EmailProperties emailProperties;

    /**
     *
     * @param to 收件人邮箱
     * @param title 标题
     * @param content 正文
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean send(String to, String title, String content) {
        boolean flag = MailUtil.sendMail(emailProperties,to,title,content);
        return flag;
    }
}
2.2.6 yml配置文件

server:
  port: 9091

# 发送邮件配置信息
email:
  user: [email protected]
  code: fdsdsfsdfs
  host: smtp.qq.com
  auth: true

本文使用的是这个 

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "email")

可忽略上面的红色提示不管

四、整合Mybatis-plus

1、pom

mybatis-plus在springboot3.X版本之后要使用3.5.3以上版本

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.5</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.bocai</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-plus-module</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mybatis-plus-module</name>
    <description>mybatis-plus-module</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--  3、 引入mybatisplus -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.23</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <image>
                        <builder>paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base:latest</builder>
                    </image>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2、yml

spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot_vue?serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: @@@@0

mybatis-plus:
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true # 在映射实体或者属性时，将数据库中表名和字段名中的下划线去掉，按照驼峰命名法映射
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl  # 控制台显示sql
    default-enum-type-handler: com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.handlers.MybatisEnumTypeHandler  # 配置全局枚举处理器，好像还有说json的
  global-config:
    db-config:
      id-type: auto   # 数据库id生产规则全局 配置 # ASSIGN_ID雪花算法，数据库id建议使用Long类型
      logic-delete-field: deleted # 全局配置逻辑删除字段名
      logic-delete-value: 0 # 全局配置# 逻辑已删除值(默认为 1)这里因为我是反的所以改成0
      logic-not-delete-value: 1  # 逻辑未删除值(默认为 0）这里因为我是反的所以改成1
      # table-prefix: tbl_    # 数据库表前缀全局配置
    banner: false   # 关闭控制台mybatis-plus的logo
#  type-enums-package: com.bocai.enums   # 扫描通用枚举包 或者使用上面那个枚举全局配置

3、emp.sql

-- 员工管理(带约束)
CREATE TABLE emp (
  id INT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
  username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '用户名',
  PASSWORD VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT '123456' COMMENT '密码',
  NAME VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
  gender TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL COMMENT '性别, 说明: 1 男, 2 女',
  image VARCHAR(300) COMMENT '图像',
  job TINYINT UNSIGNED COMMENT '职位, 说明: 1 班主任,2 讲师, 3 学工主管, 4 教研主管, 5 咨询师',
  entrydate DATE COMMENT '入职时间',
  dept_id INT UNSIGNED COMMENT '部门ID',
  create_time DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  update_time DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '修改时间'
) COMMENT '员工表';

INSERT INTO emp
    (id, username, PASSWORD, NAME, gender, image, job, entrydate,dept_id, create_time, update_time) VALUES
    (1,'jinyong','123456','金庸',1,'1.jpg',4,'2000-01-01',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (2,'zhangwuji','123456','张无忌',1,'2.jpg',2,'2015-01-01',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (3,'yangxiao','123456','杨逍',1,'3.jpg',2,'2008-05-01',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (4,'weiyixiao','123456','韦一笑',1,'4.jpg',2,'2007-01-01',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (5,'changyuchun','123456','常遇春',1,'5.jpg',2,'2012-12-05',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (6,'xiaozhao','123456','小昭',2,'6.jpg',3,'2013-09-05',1,NOW(),NOW()),
    (7,'jixiaofu','123456','纪晓芙',2,'7.jpg',1,'2005-08-01',1,NOW(),NOW()),
    (8,'zhouzhiruo','123456','周芷若',2,'8.jpg',1,'2014-11-09',1,NOW(),NOW()),
    (9,'dingminjun','123456','丁敏君',2,'9.jpg',1,'2011-03-11',1,NOW(),NOW()),
    (10,'zhaomin','123456','赵敏',2,'10.jpg',1,'2013-09-05',1,NOW(),NOW()),
    (11,'luzhangke','123456','鹿杖客',1,'11.jpg',5,'2007-02-01',3,NOW(),NOW()),
    (12,'hebiweng','123456','鹤笔翁',1,'12.jpg',5,'2008-08-18',3,NOW(),NOW()),
    (13,'fangdongbai','123456','方东白',1,'13.jpg',5,'2012-11-01',3,NOW(),NOW()),
    (14,'zhangsanfeng','123456','张三丰',1,'14.jpg',2,'2002-08-01',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (15,'yulianzhou','123456','俞莲舟',1,'15.jpg',2,'2011-05-01',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (16,'songyuanqiao','123456','宋远桥',1,'16.jpg',2,'2007-01-01',2,NOW(),NOW()),
    (17,'chenyouliang','123456','陈友谅',1,'17.jpg',NULL,'2015-03-21',NULL,NOW(),NOW());

4、统一返回类

package com.bocai.common;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Result {
    private Integer code;//响应码，1 代表成功; 0 代表失败
    private String msg;  //响应信息 描述字符串
    private Object data; //返回的数据

    //增删改 成功响应
    public static Result success(){
        return new Result(1,"success",null);
    }
    //查询 成功响应
    public static Result success(Object data){
        return new Result(1,"success",data);
    }
    //失败响应
    public static Result error(String msg){
        return new Result(0,msg,null);
    }
}

5、controller

package com.bocai.controller;

import com.bocai.common.Result;
import com.bocai.pojo.Emp;
import com.bocai.service.EmpService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/emps")
public class EmpController {

    @Autowired
    private EmpService empService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Result queryById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        Emp emp = empService.getById(id);
        return Result.success(emp);
    }
}

6、service

package com.bocai.service;

import com.bocai.pojo.Emp;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;

/**
* @author cheng
* @description 针对表【emp(员工表)】的数据库操作Service
* @createDate 2023-11-13 16:53:52
*/
public interface EmpService extends IService<Emp> {

}

7、serviceImpl

package com.bocai.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.bocai.pojo.Emp;
import com.bocai.service.EmpService;
import com.bocai.mapper.EmpMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
* @author cheng
* @description 针对表【emp(员工表)】的数据库操作Service实现
* @createDate 2023-11-13 16:53:52
*/
@Service
public class EmpServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<EmpMapper, Emp>
    implements EmpService{

}

8、mapper

package com.bocai.mapper;

import com.bocai.pojo.Emp;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

/**
* @author cheng
* @description 针对表【emp(员工表)】的数据库操作Mapper
* @createDate 2023-11-13 16:53:52
* @Entity com.bocai.pojo.Emp
*/
@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper extends BaseMapper<Emp> {

}

http://localhost:8080/emps/1

五、Bean管理

1、Bean扫描

SpringBoot默认扫描启动类所在包及其子包

2、Bean注册

2.1 @Bean

2.1.1 @Bean方法一：启动类创建一个方法（不建议使用）

2.1.2 @Bean方法二：配置类（建议）

2.2 @Import

2.2.1 导入配置类

2.2.2 导入ImportSelector接口实现类

优化一下使用配置文件

package com.itheima.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportSelector;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class CommonImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        //读取配置文件的内容
        List<String> imports = new ArrayList<>();
        InputStream is = CommonImportSelector.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("common.imports");
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
        String line = null;
        try {
            while((line = br.readLine())!=null){
                imports.add(line);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if (br!=null){
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }
        return imports.toArray(new String[0]);
    }
}

3、注册条件

package com.itheima.config;

import cn.itcast.pojo.Country;
import cn.itcast.pojo.Province;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class CommonConfig {

    //注入Country对象
    //如果配置文件中配置了指定的信息,则注入,否则不注入
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "country",name = {"name","system"})
    @Bean
    public Country country(@Value("${country.name}") String name,@Value("${country.system}") String system){
        Country country = new Country();
        country.setName(name);
        country.setSystem(system);
        return country ;
    }

    //对象默认的名字是: 方法名
    //@Bean("aa")
    //如果方法的内部需要使用到ioc容器中已经存在的bean对象,那么只需要在方法上声明即可,spring会自动的注入
    /*@Bean
    public Province province(Country country){
        System.out.println("province: "+country);
        return new Province();
    }*/
    //如果ioc容器中不存在Country,则注入Province,否则不注入
    @Bean
    //@ConditionalOnMissingBean(Country.class)
    //如果当前环境中存在DispatcherServlet类,则注入Province,否则不注入
    //如果当前引入了web起步依赖,则环境中有DispatcherServlet,否则没有
    @ConditionalOnClass(name = "org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet")
    public Province province(){
        return new Province();
    }

}

六、自动配置

七、自定义starter

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.13</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.0</version>
    </dependency>


package com.itheima.config;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationPackages;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.List;

@AutoConfiguration//表示当前类是一个自动配置类
public class MyBatisAutoConfig {

    //SqlSessionFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSource dataSource){
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean;
    }

    //MapperScannerConfigure
    @Bean
    public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer(BeanFactory beanFactory){
        MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
        //扫描的包:启动类所在的包及其子包
        List<String> packages = AutoConfigurationPackages.get(beanFactory);
        String p = packages.get(0);
        mapperScannerConfigurer.setBasePackage(p);

        //扫描的注解
        mapperScannerConfigurer.setAnnotationClass(Mapper.class);
        return mapperScannerConfigurer;
    }

}

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration.imports


com.itheima.config.MyBatisAutoConfig


    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
      <artifactId>dmybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.13</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.0</version>
    </dependency>

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本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/legend818/article/details/134372298
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