【Qt专栏】Qt实现TCP服务端和客户端通信

文章目录

前言

网络通信是程序员必须会的一项生存技能，这里简单的实现了服务端和客户端通信的两个小示例，代码可以直接拿来用，开发环境是Qt5.9.6。

一、TCP服务端

1.项目架构

2.tcpserver.h文件

#ifndef TCPSERVER_H#define TCPSERVER_H#include<QWidget>//添加下面三个头文件，记得在pro文件里添加 network 模块#include<QTcpServer>#include<QTcpSocket>#include<QtNetwork>namespace Ui {classTCPServer;}classTCPServer:public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:explicitTCPServer(QWidget *parent =nullptr);~TCPServer();voidinitNetwork(QString ip,quint16 port);voidstopNetwork();private slots:voidonNewConnection();//QTcpServer的newConnection()信号voidonConnected();//可以不添加该接口voidonDisconnected();//可以不添加该接口voidonSocketReadyRead();//读取socket传入的数据voidon_pushButton_clicked();private:
    Ui::TCPServer *ui;

    QTcpServer *tcpServer;//TCP服务器
    QTcpSocket *tcpSocket;//TCP通讯的Socket

    QString getLocalIP();//获取本机IP地址voidcloseEvent(QCloseEvent *event);};#endif// TCPSERVER_H

3.tcpserver.cpp文件

#include"tcpserver.h"#include"ui_tcpserver.h"

TCPServer::TCPServer(QWidget *parent):QWidget(parent),ui(new Ui::TCPServer){
    ui->setupUi(this);initNetwork(getLocalIP(),55555);//指定ip地址和监听的端口号}

TCPServer::~TCPServer(){delete ui;}void TCPServer::initNetwork(QString ip, quint16 port){
    tcpServer=newQTcpServer(this);connect(tcpServer,SIGNAL(newConnection()),this,SLOT(onNewConnection()));

    QHostAddress addr(ip);
    tcpServer->listen(addr,port);}void TCPServer::stopNetwork(){if(tcpServer->isListening()){//tcpServer正在监听
        tcpServer->close();;//停止网络监听}}void TCPServer::onNewConnection(){
    tcpSocket = tcpServer->nextPendingConnection();//创建socketconnect(tcpSocket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(onSocketReadyRead()));connect(tcpSocket,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(onConnected()));onConnected();connect(tcpSocket,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(onDisconnected()));}void TCPServer::onConnected(){
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(QStringLiteral("***客户端连接 ")+QStringLiteral("ip地址:")+tcpSocket->peerAddress().toString()+QStringLiteral(" 端口号:")+QString::number(tcpSocket->peerPort())+"***");}void TCPServer::onDisconnected(){
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(QStringLiteral("***客户端断开连接***"));}void TCPServer::onSocketReadyRead(){while(tcpSocket->canReadLine()){
        QByteArray msg = tcpSocket->readLine();
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[客户端] "+msg);}}

QString TCPServer::getLocalIP(){
    QString ipString = Q_NULLPTR;
    QHostInfo hostInfo = QHostInfo::fromName(QHostInfo::localHostName());//从本地主机名称获取主机信息
    QList<QHostAddress> listAddr = hostInfo.addresses();//本地主机ip地址列表(IPV4/IPV6)
    foreach (auto addr, listAddr){if((addr.isNull()==false)&&(addr.protocol()== QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol)&&(addr != QHostAddress::LocalHost)){
           ipString = addr.toString();//根据条件筛选出本地IPV4地址}}return ipString;}void TCPServer::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event){stopNetwork();
    event->accept();}void TCPServer::on_pushButton_clicked(){
    QString msg = ui->lineEdit->text();
    ui->lineEdit->setFocus();//光标回到lineEditif(msg.isEmpty())return;
    ui->lineEdit->clear();
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[服务端] "+msg);

    QByteArray str = msg.toUtf8();
    str.append("\n");
    tcpSocket->write(str);}

4.测试效果

二、TCP客户端

1.项目架构

2.tcpserver.h文件

#ifndef TCPCLIENT_H#define TCPCLIENT_H#include<QWidget>//添加下面两个头文件，记得在pro文件里添加 network 模块#include<QTcpSocket>#include<QtNetwork>namespace Ui {classTCPClient;}classTCPClient:public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:explicitTCPClient(QWidget *parent =nullptr);~TCPClient();voidinitNetwork(QString ip,quint16 port);voidstopNetwork();private slots://自定义槽函数voidonConnected();//可以不添加该接口voidonDisconnected();//可以不添加该接口voidonSocketReadyRead();//读取socket传入的数据voidon_pushButton_clicked();private:
    Ui::TCPClient *ui;
    QTcpSocket  *tcpClient;//socket
    QString getLocalIP();//获取本机IP地址voidcloseEvent(QCloseEvent *event);};#endif// TCPCLIENT_H

3.tcpserver.cpp文件

#include"tcpclient.h"#include"ui_tcpclient.h"

TCPClient::TCPClient(QWidget *parent):QWidget(parent),ui(new Ui::TCPClient){
    ui->setupUi(this);initNetwork(getLocalIP(),55555);//指定服务端ip地址和的端口号}

TCPClient::~TCPClient(){delete ui;}void TCPClient::initNetwork(QString ip, quint16 port){
    tcpClient=newQTcpSocket(this);//创建socket变量connect(tcpClient,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(onConnected()));connect(tcpClient,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(onDisconnected()));connect(tcpClient,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(onSocketReadyRead()));

    tcpClient->connectToHost(ip,port);}void TCPClient::stopNetwork(){//断开与服务器的连接if(tcpClient->state()==QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState){
        tcpClient->disconnectFromHost();}}void TCPClient::onConnected(){
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("***已连接到服务器***");}void TCPClient::onDisconnected(){
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("***已断开与服务器的连接***");}void TCPClient::onSocketReadyRead(){while(tcpClient->canReadLine()){
        QByteArray msg = tcpClient->readLine();
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[服务端] "+msg);}}

QString TCPClient::getLocalIP(){
    QString ipString = Q_NULLPTR;
    QHostInfo hostInfo = QHostInfo::fromName(QHostInfo::localHostName());//从本地主机名称获取主机信息
    QList<QHostAddress> listAddr = hostInfo.addresses();//本地主机ip地址列表(IPV4/IPV6)
    foreach (auto addr, listAddr){if((addr.isNull()==false)&&(addr.protocol()== QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol)&&(addr != QHostAddress::LocalHost)){
           ipString = addr.toString();//根据条件筛选出本地IPV4地址}}return ipString;}void TCPClient::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event){stopNetwork();
    event->accept();}void TCPClient::on_pushButton_clicked(){//发送数据
    QString  msg=ui->lineEdit->text();
    ui->lineEdit->setFocus();//光标回到lineEditif(msg.isEmpty())return;
    ui->lineEdit->clear();
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[客户端] "+msg);

    QByteArray  str=msg.toUtf8();
    str.append('\n');
    tcpClient->write(str);}

4.测试效果

总结

好了，两个小程序写完并可以运行进行通信，简单的实现，原理后序会专门写篇文章，这里可以直接照着上述写就OK啦，886！