前言
在开发中,使用uniapp开发的项目开发效率是极高的,使用一套代码就能够同时在多端上线,像笔者之前写过的使用
Flutter端和webview端
之间的相互通信方法和问题,这种方式本质上实际上是
h5和h5之间的通信
,网上有非常多的方案,最简单的就是使用
postMessage和addEventListener
的方式,这个在我之前的文章有讲解,这里不再赘述。
那么今天的问题,是使用uniapp开发的App端和H5端(webview)之间的通信问题。
注意前提,是使用uniapp同时去开发app端和h5端。
问题
uniapp本质开发的app实际上还是web,那么能不能用postMessage的方式呢?
答案当然是可以的,但是你要区分情况,仔细看看官方文档:
平台差异说明:App-nvue,是App-nvue的方法,这是个坑!!!
所以,这个时候就需要去区分情况了,你使用的是vue写的webview还是nvue写的webview。
vue类型的webview
<web-view :src="src"ref="webview" :fullscreen="false" @message="receiveData"></web-view>
app传递数据给h5
本质:h5在webview环境中提取放入一个函数,app调用该函数传递数据进去。
h5端接收:可以在app.vue的onLaunch阶段
window.msgFromUniapp =(res)=>{
console.log("原生传递过来的数据:",res)}
app端发送:
methods: {
//给webview传递数据
postMess(msg){
const currentWebview = this.$scope.$getAppWebview();
const wv = currentWebview.children()[0];
wv.evalJS(`msgFromUniapp('${JSON.stringify(msg)}')`)}},
onLoad(item){
this.src = decodeURIComponent(item.url)
// 传入需要跳转的链接 使用web-view标签进行跳转
this.title = item.title
// #ifdef APP-PLUS
const currentWebview = this.$scope.$getAppWebview();
const that = this
setTimeout(function(){let wv = currentWebview.children()[0];
that.postMess({
type: 'app/systemInfo',
data: {
sys: 'ios'},
code: 1,
})}, 500);
// #endif}
h5传递给app
app端接收:
添加监听即可
@message="receiveData"
h5端发送:
import'@/utils/uni.webview.1.5.4..js'
//传递url给原生应用
uni.webView.postMessage({
data:{
action:'openUrl',
url:this.orderDetail.url
}})
uni.webview.1.5.4.js
!function(e,n){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=n():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(n):(e=e||self).uni=n()}(this,(function(){"use strict";try{var e={};Object.defineProperty(e,"passive",{get:function(){!0}}),window.addEventListener("test-passive",null,e)}catch(e){}var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,i){return n.call(e,i)}var t=[];functionr(){return window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage||window.__dcloud_weex_}var o=function(e,n){var i={options:{timestamp:+new Date},name:e,arg:n};if(r()){if("postMessage"===e){var o={data:[n]};return window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage?window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage(o):window.__dcloud_weex_.postMessage(JSON.stringify(o))}var a={type:"WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",args:{data:i,webviewIds:t}};window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage?window.__dcloud_weex_postMessageToService(a):window.__dcloud_weex_.postMessageToService(JSON.stringify(a))}if(!window.plus)return window.parent.postMessage({type:"WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",data:i,pageId:""},"*");if(0===t.length){var d=plus.webview.currentWebview();if(!d)throw new Error("plus.webview.currentWebview() is undefined");var s=d.parent(),w="";w=s?s.id:d.id,t.push(w)}if(plus.webview.getWebviewById("__uniapp__service"))plus.webview.postMessageToUniNView({type:"WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",args:{data:i,webviewIds:t}},"__uniapp__service");else{var u=JSON.stringify(i);plus.webview.getLaunchWebview().evalJS('UniPlusBridge.subscribeHandler("'.concat("WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",'",').concat(u,",").concat(JSON.stringify(t),");"))}},a={navigateTo:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("navigateTo",{url:encodeURI(n)})},navigateBack:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.delta;o("navigateBack",{delta:parseInt(n)||1})},switchTab:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("switchTab",{url:encodeURI(n)})},reLaunch:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("reLaunch",{url:encodeURI(n)})},redirectTo:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("redirectTo",{url:encodeURI(n)})},getEnv:function(e){r()?e({nvue:!0}):window.plus?e({plus:!0}):e({h5:!0})},postMessage:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};o("postMessage",e.data||{})}},d=/uni-app/i.test(navigator.userAgent),s=/Html5Plus/i.test(navigator.userAgent),w=/complete|loaded|interactive/;var u=window.my&&navigator.userAgent.indexOf(["t","n","e","i","l","C","y","a","p","i","l","A"].reverse().join(""))>-1;var g=window.swan&&window.swan.webView&&/swan/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var v=window.qq&&window.qq.miniProgram&&/QQ/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var c=window.tt&&window.tt.miniProgram&&/toutiaomicroapp/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var m=window.wx&&window.wx.miniProgram&&/micromessenger/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var p=window.qa&&/quickapp/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var f=window.ks&&window.ks.miniProgram&&/micromessenger/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var l=window.tt&&window.tt.miniProgram&&/Lark|Feishu/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var _=window.jd&&window.jd.miniProgram&&/micromessenger/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var E=window.xhs&&window.xhs.miniProgram&&/xhsminiapp/i.test(navigator.userAgent);for(var h,P=function(){window.UniAppJSBridge=!0,document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("UniAppJSBridgeReady",{bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))},b=[function(e){if(d||s)return window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage||window.__dcloud_weex_?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e):window.plus&&w.test(document.readyState)?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("plusready",e),a},function(e){if(m)return window.WeixinJSBridge&&window.WeixinJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("WeixinJSBridgeReady",e),window.wx.miniProgram},function(e){if(v)return window.QQJSBridge&&window.QQJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("QQJSBridgeReady",e),window.qq.miniProgram},function(e){if(u){document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e);var n=window.my;return{navigateTo:n.navigateTo,navigateBack:n.navigateBack,switchTab:n.switchTab,reLaunch:n.reLaunch,redirectTo:n.redirectTo,postMessage:n.postMessage,getEnv:n.getEnv}}},function(e){if(g)return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),window.swan.webView},function(e){if(c)return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),window.tt.miniProgram},function(e){if(p){window.QaJSBridge&&window.QaJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("QaJSBridgeReady",e);var n=window.qa;return{navigateTo:n.navigateTo,navigateBack:n.navigateBack,switchTab:n.switchTab,reLaunch:n.reLaunch,redirectTo:n.redirectTo,postMessage:n.postMessage,getEnv:n.getEnv}}},function(e){if(f)return window.WeixinJSBridge&&window.WeixinJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("WeixinJSBridgeReady",e),window.ks.miniProgram},function(e){if(l)return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),window.tt.miniProgram},function(e){if(_)return window.JDJSBridgeReady&&window.JDJSBridgeReady.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("JDJSBridgeReady",e),window.jd.miniProgram},function(e){if(E)return window.xhs.miniProgram},function(e){return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),a}],y=0;y<b.length&&!(h=b[y](P));y++);h||(h={});var B="undefined"!=typeof uni?uni:{};if(!B.navigateTo)for(var S in h)i(h,S)&&(B[S]=h[S]);returnB.webView=h,B}));
注意事项
app端要延迟再去获取webview实例,等webview加载完成。
官方写的是uni.posMessage,笔者亲试,没用的,注意是是
uni.webView.postMessage
。
h5需要额外引入
uni.webview.1.5.4..js
!function(e,n){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=n():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(n):(e=e||self).uni=n()}(this,(function(){"use strict";try{var e={};Object.defineProperty(e,"passive",{get:function(){!0}}),window.addEventListener("test-passive",null,e)}catch(e){}var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,i){return n.call(e,i)}var t=[];functionr(){return window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage||window.__dcloud_weex_}var o=function(e,n){var i={options:{timestamp:+new Date},name:e,arg:n};if(r()){if("postMessage"===e){var o={data:[n]};return window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage?window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage(o):window.__dcloud_weex_.postMessage(JSON.stringify(o))}var a={type:"WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",args:{data:i,webviewIds:t}};window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage?window.__dcloud_weex_postMessageToService(a):window.__dcloud_weex_.postMessageToService(JSON.stringify(a))}if(!window.plus)return window.parent.postMessage({type:"WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",data:i,pageId:""},"*");if(0===t.length){var d=plus.webview.currentWebview();if(!d)throw new Error("plus.webview.currentWebview() is undefined");var s=d.parent(),w="";w=s?s.id:d.id,t.push(w)}if(plus.webview.getWebviewById("__uniapp__service"))plus.webview.postMessageToUniNView({type:"WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",args:{data:i,webviewIds:t}},"__uniapp__service");else{var u=JSON.stringify(i);plus.webview.getLaunchWebview().evalJS('UniPlusBridge.subscribeHandler("'.concat("WEB_INVOKE_APPSERVICE",'",').concat(u,",").concat(JSON.stringify(t),");"))}},a={navigateTo:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("navigateTo",{url:encodeURI(n)})},navigateBack:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.delta;o("navigateBack",{delta:parseInt(n)||1})},switchTab:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("switchTab",{url:encodeURI(n)})},reLaunch:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("reLaunch",{url:encodeURI(n)})},redirectTo:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=e.url;o("redirectTo",{url:encodeURI(n)})},getEnv:function(e){r()?e({nvue:!0}):window.plus?e({plus:!0}):e({h5:!0})},postMessage:function(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};o("postMessage",e.data||{})}},d=/uni-app/i.test(navigator.userAgent),s=/Html5Plus/i.test(navigator.userAgent),w=/complete|loaded|interactive/;var u=window.my&&navigator.userAgent.indexOf(["t","n","e","i","l","C","y","a","p","i","l","A"].reverse().join(""))>-1;var g=window.swan&&window.swan.webView&&/swan/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var v=window.qq&&window.qq.miniProgram&&/QQ/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var c=window.tt&&window.tt.miniProgram&&/toutiaomicroapp/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var m=window.wx&&window.wx.miniProgram&&/micromessenger/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var p=window.qa&&/quickapp/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var f=window.ks&&window.ks.miniProgram&&/micromessenger/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var l=window.tt&&window.tt.miniProgram&&/Lark|Feishu/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var _=window.jd&&window.jd.miniProgram&&/micromessenger/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/miniProgram/i.test(navigator.userAgent);var E=window.xhs&&window.xhs.miniProgram&&/xhsminiapp/i.test(navigator.userAgent);for(var h,P=function(){window.UniAppJSBridge=!0,document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("UniAppJSBridgeReady",{bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))},b=[function(e){if(d||s)return window.__dcloud_weex_postMessage||window.__dcloud_weex_?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e):window.plus&&w.test(document.readyState)?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("plusready",e),a},function(e){if(m)return window.WeixinJSBridge&&window.WeixinJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("WeixinJSBridgeReady",e),window.wx.miniProgram},function(e){if(v)return window.QQJSBridge&&window.QQJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("QQJSBridgeReady",e),window.qq.miniProgram},function(e){if(u){document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e);var n=window.my;return{navigateTo:n.navigateTo,navigateBack:n.navigateBack,switchTab:n.switchTab,reLaunch:n.reLaunch,redirectTo:n.redirectTo,postMessage:n.postMessage,getEnv:n.getEnv}}},function(e){if(g)return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),window.swan.webView},function(e){if(c)return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),window.tt.miniProgram},function(e){if(p){window.QaJSBridge&&window.QaJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("QaJSBridgeReady",e);var n=window.qa;return{navigateTo:n.navigateTo,navigateBack:n.navigateBack,switchTab:n.switchTab,reLaunch:n.reLaunch,redirectTo:n.redirectTo,postMessage:n.postMessage,getEnv:n.getEnv}}},function(e){if(f)return window.WeixinJSBridge&&window.WeixinJSBridge.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("WeixinJSBridgeReady",e),window.ks.miniProgram},function(e){if(l)return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),window.tt.miniProgram},function(e){if(_)return window.JDJSBridgeReady&&window.JDJSBridgeReady.invoke?setTimeout(e,0):document.addEventListener("JDJSBridgeReady",e),window.jd.miniProgram},function(e){if(E)return window.xhs.miniProgram},function(e){return document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),a}],y=0;y<b.length&&!(h=b[y](P));y++);h||(h={});var B="undefined"!=typeof uni?uni:{};if(!B.navigateTo)for(var S in h)i(h,S)&&(B[S]=h[S]);returnB.webView=h,B}));
nvue类型的webview
vue页面和nvue页面的区别,这里不做赘述,官方文档写的很清楚。
这个时候就可以使用官方文档的postMessage方式来
app传递数据给h5
绑定一个ref,获取webview实例
<web-view ref="webview" :src="src" @onPostMessage="handlePostMessage"
:style="{height:mbHeight,width:mbWidth,top:mbTop}"fullscreen="false"></web-view>
this.$refs.webview.postMessage(data, '*')
或者
// 调用 webview 内部逻辑
evalJs: function(){
this.$refs.webview.evalJs("document.body.style.background ='#00FF00'");}
- 然后h5使用window.addEventListener接收
h5传递数据给app
app接收消息:
<web-view ref="webview"class="webview" @onPostMessage="handlePostMessage"></web-view>
handlePostMessage: function(data){
console.log("接收到消息:" + JSON.stringify(data.detail));},
注意事项
页面空白
如果你是nvue页面:
大概率是你没指定宽高,不信你放入一个百度的url试试,如果还是空白,请你设置style指定宽高。
如果你是vue页面,可能就是网页本身就打不开
环境问题
这是一个非常头疼的问题,我怎么知道这个web页面是在app环境打开还是在h5打开的,为什么需要去区分环境问题,因为你可能有一个这样的场景,你开发的app需要打开一个网页,然后撑满全屏,本质还是用webview容器去打开的,h5不知道自己所处的环境是app端,那么就会带来导航栏区域和底部安全区域怎么获取和处理的问题。
你可以选择从app端下手,前提是这个webview必须是nvue页面,因为vue页面默认webview是撑满全屏的,撑满全屏,撑满全屏。
如果你是vue页面,那么你可以通知h5端当前所处的环境,当前的导航栏高度和安全区域高度,在h5端单独去做样式兼容
如果你是nvue页面,除了上述方式,你还可以自己去指定webview的样式。
我还是建议都使用第一种方案吧,笔者自己去设置webview的样式发现在全屏阶段还是有一些问题的,不如默认撑满全屏,在h5端去做调整,毕竟调整h5端端成本最小,上架之后的app还需要提审等一些列步骤。
侧滑返回问题
可能有小伙伴发现,我打开一个webview,网页里面本身有好多跳转,为什么没办法侧滑返回。
原因是,本质上,在app端你打开的实际上只有一个webview页面,它只有一个页面,你的h5页面是在里面打开的,无论你h5的路由栈有多少层多没用,对于app来说,就只有一个webview页面。
所以,一定要注意放一个返回按钮提供给用户返回的机会,如果你要跳转外部网页,也不要用window.location去进行跳转,到时候就会返回不了了,你可以通知app端使用plus方法去打开网页
总结
官方文档并没有详细去区分两者的区别,网上的信息也很杂乱,所以在此特别去做区分和处理,如果你有更好的建议和方案,欢迎在评论区提出。
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