杨校老师课堂之分布式数据库HBase的部署和基本操作

部署分布式数据库——HBase

学习背景:
以下采用伪分布式方式搭建HBase
故而采用内置的Zookeeper协调处理，不再搭建外置ZooKeeper，因此会存在单点故障问题，若需要解决这个情况，可采用Zookeeper部署一个HA(高可用)的Habse集群解决。

(1) 安装JDK、Hadoop，这里采用的JDK1.8，Hadoop2.7.4，CentOS7.6

本次部署测试的ip地址设为：
192.168.6.166
运行Hadoop环境，测试是否正常通过，启动命令: start-dfs.sh

(2）下载HBase安装包。官网地址:

https://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase

相关大数据框架下载整理
(3) 安装

• 3.1 上传并完成解压HBase安装包

[root@hadoop1 ~]# tar -zxvf hbase-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz

(4) 准备配置文件

• 4.1 拷贝配置文件

[root@hadoop1 ~]# cp /usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.4/etc//hadoop/{hdfs-site.xml,core-site.xml}  /usr/local/hbase/hbase-1.2.1/conf/

• 4.2 修改配置文件hbase-env.sh

# 加入jdk的安装路径到JAVA_HOME[root@hadoop1 ~]# vim hbase-env.sh 

• 4.3 设置HBase的环境变量

[root@hadoop1 ~]# vim /etc/profile#HBase environment variableexportHBASE_HOME=/usr/local/hbase/hbase-1.2.1
exportPATH=$PATH:$HBASE_HOME/bin:

#更新配置文件profile生效[root@hadoop1 ~]# source /etc/profile

# 查看hbase的版本[root@hadoop1 ~]# hbase version

运行HBase数据库

[root@hadoop1 conf]# start-hbase.sh

运行成功后，已通过浏览器访问:

http://hadoop1:16010/master-status

注意：
可以通过修改hosts来实现访问主机名进入web界面
具体路径：
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
在hosts文件内的最后一行加入:
192.168.6.166 hadoop1

HBase的基本操作

方式一：HBase的Shell操作

#启动交互界面[root@hadoop1 ~]# hbase shell

# 创建表
hbase(main):001:0> create 'student','info'0 row(s)in3.1630 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - student
# 查询表
hbase(main):002:0> list
TABLE                                                                                                                                                        
student                                                                                                                                                      
1 row(s)in0.5240 seconds

=>["student"]

• 插入数据

# 插入数据
hbase(main):003:0> put 'student','1001','info:name','zhangsan'0 row(s)in3.0910 seconds

hbase(main):004:0> put 'student','1001','info:age','19'0 row(s)in0.1290 seconds

hbase(main):005:0> put 'student','1001','info:gender','male'0 row(s)in0.2760 seconds

hbase(main):006:0> put 'student','1002','info:name','lisi'0 row(s)in0.0090 seconds

hbase(main):007:0> put 'student','1002','info:age','21'0 row(s)in0.0800 seconds

hbase(main):008:0> put 'student','1002','info:gender','female'0 row(s)in0.0150 seconds

• 扫描数据

hbase(main):009:0> scan 'student'
 ROW                    COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                         
 1001column=info:age, timestamp=1650086163620, value=191001column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086205652, value=male                                                             
 1001column=info:name, timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan                                                           
 1002column=info:age, timestamp=1650086249277, value=211002column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086265874, value=female                                                           
 1002column=info:name, timestamp=1650086227559, value=lisi                                                               
2 row(s)in0.1450 seconds

• 查看表结构

hbase(main):010:0> describe 'student'
Table student is ENABLED                                                                                                                                     
student                                                                                                                                                      
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                  
{NAME =>'info', BLOOMFILTER =>'ROW', VERSIONS =>'1', IN_MEMORY =>'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS =>'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING =>'NONE', TTL =>'FOREVER',
 COMPRESSION =>'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS =>'0', BLOCKCACHE =>'true', BLOCKSIZE =>'65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE =>'0'}1 row(s)in0.2190 seconds

• 更新语句

hbase(main):011:0> put 'student','1002','info:age','22'0 row(s)in0.1000 seconds

# 修改后查询验证是否修改成功
hbase(main):016:0> scan 'student'
 ROW                      COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                         
 1001column=info:age, timestamp=1650086163620, value=191001column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086205652, value=male                                                             
 1001column=info:name, timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan                                                           
 1002column=info:age, timestamp=1650086635741, value=221002column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086265874, value=female                                                           
 1002column=info:name, timestamp=1650086227559, value=lisi                                                               
2 row(s)in0.0330 seconds

• 获取指定字段的操作

hbase(main):002:0> get 'student','1001'
 COLUMN                                  CELL                                                                                                                
 info:age                                timestamp=1650086163620, value=19                                                                                   
 info:gender                             timestamp=1650086205652, value=male                                                                                 
 info:name                               timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan                                                                             
3row(s) in 0.0420 seconds

• 删除语句

hbase(main):008:0> delete 'student','1002','info:gender'0 row(s)in0.0900 seconds

# 删除后查询验证是否修改成功
hbase(main):009:0> scan 'student'
 ROW                         COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                         
 1001column=info:age, timestamp=1650086163620, value=191001column=info:gender, timestamp=1650086205652, value=male                                                             
 1001column=info:name, timestamp=1650085979553, value=zhangsan                                                           
 1002column=info:age, timestamp=1650086635741, value=221002column=info:name, timestamp=1650086227559, value=lisi                                                               
2 row(s)in0.0530 seconds

方式二: 利用Java API操作HBase

• 1.创建Maven项目

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>cn.javabs</groupId><artifactId>JAVA_HBASE</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId><artifactId>hbase-common</artifactId><version>1.2.6</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId><artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId><version>1.2.6</version></dependency></dependencies></project>

1. 导入坐标，并完成类的创建
2. 编写代码

package cn.javabs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.*;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.List;

public class HBaseTest {

    Configuration conf  = null;
    Connection conn = null;
    @Before
    public void  init() throws IOException {
        // 1. 获取配置对象conf
        conf  = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        // 2. 通过配置对象conf 设置hbase的入口
//        conf.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://hadoop1:9000/hbase");
        conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum","hadoop1:2181");/*采用内置的zookeeper*/
        //  3. 获取连接，利用连接工厂进行创建连接，借助配置对象conf
        conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);}

    /**
     * 创建表
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void  createTable() throws IOException {
      // 1. 通过conn获取表的管理对象
        Admin admin = conn.getAdmin();
        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        // 2. 创建表的描述符对象，并且完成指定的表名：t_user
        HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf("teacher".getBytes()));
        // 3. 创建列族、并赋值为info
        HColumnDescriptor hcd = new HColumnDescriptor("data");
        // 将列族添加到 表描述符对象
        tableDescriptor.addFamily(hcd);
        // 利用表管理器对象 来创建表
        admin.createTable(tableDescriptor);
        long endime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("创建完成，结束了！" +( endime -  beginTime) + "毫秒");

        // 关闭资源
        admin.close();
        conn.close();}

    /**
     * 指定查询
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void  getData() throws IOException{
        Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("student"));
        // 1. 创建get对象是 查询参数的对象  用于指定要查询的哪一行
        Get get = new Get("1002".getBytes());
        // 2. 返回查询结果的数据
        Result result = table.get(get);
        // 3. 获取结果中所有的cell
        List<Cell> cellList = result.listCells();
        // 4. 循环遍历 所以的cell
        for(Cell c : cellList){
            // 5. 获取打印行健
            System.out.println("行:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(c)));
            // 6. 获取打印列族
            System.out.println("列族:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(c)));
            // 7. 获取打印值
            System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(c)));}
        // 8. 关闭资源
        table.close();
        conn.close();}}