整合RabbitMQ实现延迟消息

RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ是一个被广泛使用的开源消息队列。它是轻量级且易于部署的，它能支持多种消息协议。RabbitMQ可以部署在分布式和联合配置中，以满足高规模、高可用性的需求。

RabbitMQ的安装和使用

安装Erlang

下载地址：http://erlang.org/download/otp_win64_21.3.exe

安装RabbitMQ

下载地址：https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/all/rabbitmq-server/3.7.14/rabbitmq-server-3.7.14.exe

安装完成后，进入RabbitMQ安装目录下的sbin目录

在地址栏输入cmd并回车启动命令行，然后输入以下命令启动管理功能：

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

访问地址查看是否安装成功：http://localhost:15672/

输入账号密码并登录：guest guest

创建帐号并设置其角色为管理员：mall mall

创建一个新的虚拟host为：/mall

点击mall用户进入用户配置页面

给mall用户配置该虚拟host的权限

RabbitMQ的消息模型

整合RabbitMQ实现延迟消息

模拟应用场景：用户下单以后，订单超时如何取消订单的问题

用户进行下单操作（会有锁定商品库存、使用优惠券、积分一系列的操作）；
1.生成订单，获取订单的id；
2.获取到设置的订单超时时间（假设设置的为60分钟不支付取消订单）；
3.按订单超时时间发送一个延迟消息给RabbitMQ，让它在订单超时后触发取消订单的操作；
4.如果用户没有支付，进行取消订单操作

在pom.xml中添加相关依赖

<!--消息队列相关依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><!--lombok依赖--><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency>

修改SpringBoot配置文件

修改application.yml文件，在spring节点下添加Mongodb相关配置

rabbitmq:
    host: localhost # rabbitmq的连接地址
    port:5672 # rabbitmq的连接端口号
    virtual-host:/mall # rabbitmq的虚拟host
    username: mall # rabbitmq的用户名
    password: mall # rabbitmq的密码
    publisher-confirms:true #如果对异步消息需要回调必须设置为true

添加消息队列的枚举配置类QueueEnum

用于延迟消息队列及处理取消订单消息队列的常量定义，包括交换机名称、队列名称、路由键名称

packageorg.yxin.entity;importlombok.Getter;/**
 * 消息队列枚举配置
 * Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.
 */@GetterpublicenumQueueEnum{/**
     * 消息通知队列
     */QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL("mall.order.direct","mall.order.cancel","mall.order.cancel"),/**
     * 消息通知ttl队列
     */QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL("mall.order.direct.ttl","mall.order.cancel.ttl","mall.order.cancel.ttl"),/**
     * helloworld队列
     */QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD("mall.hello.world","mall.hello.world","mall.hello.world");/**
     * 交换名称
     */privateString exchange;/**
     * 队列名称
     */privateString name;/**
     * 路由键
     */privateString routeKey;QueueEnum(String exchange,String name,String routeKey){this.exchange = exchange;this.name = name;this.routeKey = routeKey;}}

添加RabbitMQ的配置

packageorg.yxin.config;importorg.springframework.amqp.core.*;importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;importorg.yxin.entity.QueueEnum;/**
 1. 消息队列配置
 2. Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.
 */@ConfigurationpublicclassRabbitMqConfig{/**
     * 订单消息实际消费队列所绑定的交换机
     */@BeanDirectExchangeorderDirect(){return(DirectExchange)ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange()).durable(true).build();}/**
     * 订单延迟队列所绑定的交换机
     */@BeanDirectExchangeorderTtlDirect(){return(DirectExchange)ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange()).durable(true).build();}/**
     * helloworld交换机
     */@BeanDirectExchangehelloDirect(){return(DirectExchange)ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(QueueEnum.QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD.getExchange()).durable(true).build();}/**
     * 订单实际消费队列
     */@BeanpublicQueueorderQueue(){returnnewQueue(QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getName());}/**
     * 订单延迟队列（死信队列）
     */@BeanpublicQueueorderTtlQueue(){returnQueueBuilder.durable(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getName()).withArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange",QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange())//到期后转发的交换机.withArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key",QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey())//到期后转发的路由键.build();}/**
     * helloworld队列
     */@BeanpublicQueuehelloQueue(){returnnewQueue(QueueEnum.QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD.getName());}/**
     * 将订单队列绑定到交换机
     */@BeanBindingorderBinding(DirectExchange orderDirect,Queue orderQueue){returnBindingBuilder.bind(orderQueue).to(orderDirect).with(QueueEnum.QUEUE_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey());}/**
     * 将订单延迟队列绑定到交换机
     */@BeanBindingorderTtlBinding(DirectExchange orderTtlDirect,Queue orderTtlQueue){returnBindingBuilder.bind(orderTtlQueue).to(orderTtlDirect).with(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey());}/**
     * 将hello队列绑定到交换机
     */@BeanBindinghelloBinding(DirectExchange helloDirect,Queue helloQueue){returnBindingBuilder.bind(helloQueue).to(helloDirect).with(QueueEnum.QUEUE_HELLO_WORLD.getRouteKey());}}

在RabbitMQ管理页面可以看到以下交换机和队列

交换机及队列说明

1. mall.order.direct（取消订单消息队列所绑定的交换机）:绑定的队列为mall.order.cancel，一旦有消息以mall.order.cancel为路由键发过来，会发送到此队列。 mall.order.direct.ttl（订单延迟消息队列所绑定的交换机）:绑定的队列为
2. mall.order.cancel.ttl，一旦有消息以mall.order.cancel.ttl为路由键发送过来，会转发到此队列，并在此队列保存一定时间，等到超时后会自动将消息发送到mall.order.cancel（取消订单消息消费队列）

添加延迟消息的发送者CancelOrderSender

packageorg.yxin.component;importorg.slf4j.Logger;importorg.slf4j.LoggerFactory;importorg.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;importorg.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;importorg.springframework.amqp.core.Message;importorg.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;importorg.yxin.entity.QueueEnum;/**
 * 取消订单消息的发出者
 * Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.
 */@ComponentpublicclassCancelOrderSender{privatestaticLoggerLOGGER=LoggerFactory.getLogger(CancelOrderSender.class);@AutowiredprivateAmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;publicvoidsendMessage(Long orderId,finallong delayTimes){//给延迟队列发送消息
        amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getExchange(),QueueEnum.QUEUE_TTL_ORDER_CANCEL.getRouteKey(), orderId,newMessagePostProcessor(){@OverridepublicMessagepostProcessMessage(Message message)throwsAmqpException{//给消息设置延迟毫秒值
                message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(String.valueOf(delayTimes));return message;}});LOGGER.info("send delay message orderId:{}",orderId);}}

添加取消订单消息的接收者CancelOrderReceiver

用于从取消订单的消息队列（mall.order.cancel）里接收消息

packageorg.yxin.component;importorg.slf4j.Logger;importorg.slf4j.LoggerFactory;importorg.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;importorg.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;importorg.yxin.service.OmsPortalOrderService;/**
 * 取消订单消息的处理者
 * Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.
 */@Component@RabbitListener(queues ="mall.order.cancel")publicclassCancelOrderReceiver{privatestaticLoggerLOGGER=LoggerFactory.getLogger(CancelOrderReceiver.class);@AutowiredprivateOmsPortalOrderService portalOrderService;@RabbitHandlerpublicvoidhandle(Long orderId){LOGGER.info("receive delay message orderId:{}",orderId);
        portalOrderService.cancelOrder(orderId);}}

添加OmsPortalOrderService接口

packageorg.yxin.service;importorg.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;importorg.yxin.common.api.CommonResult;importorg.yxin.entity.OrderParam;/**
 * 前台订单管理Service
 * Created by dyx on 2024/2/16.
 */publicinterfaceOmsPortalOrderService{/**
     * 根据提交信息生成订单
     */@TransactionalCommonResultgenerateOrder(OrderParam orderParam);/**
     * 取消单个超时订单
     */@TransactionalvoidcancelOrder(Long orderId);}

添加OmsPortalOrderService的实现类OmsPortalOrderServiceImpl

packageorg.yxin.service.impl;importorg.slf4j.Logger;importorg.slf4j.LoggerFactory;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Service;importorg.yxin.common.api.CommonResult;importorg.yxin.component.CancelOrderSender;importorg.yxin.component.HelloOrderSender;importorg.yxin.entity.OrderParam;importorg.yxin.service.OmsPortalOrderService;/**
 * 前台订单管理Service
 * Created by dyx on 2023/8/30.
 */@ServicepublicclassOmsPortalOrderServiceImplimplementsOmsPortalOrderService{privatestaticLoggerLOGGER=LoggerFactory.getLogger(OmsPortalOrderServiceImpl.class);@AutowiredprivateCancelOrderSender cancelOrderSender;@AutowiredprivateHelloOrderSender helloOrderSender;@OverridepublicCommonResultgenerateOrder(OrderParam orderParam){//todo 执行一系类下单操作，具体参考mall项目LOGGER.info("process generateOrder");//下单完成后开启一个延迟消息，用于当用户没有付款时取消订单（orderId应该在下单后生成）sendDelayMessageCancelOrder(11L);returnCommonResult.success(null,"下单成功");}@OverridepublicvoidcancelOrder(Long orderId){LOGGER.info("process cancelOrder orderId:{}",orderId);}privatevoidsendDelayMessageCancelOrder(Long orderId){//获取订单超时时间，假设为60分钟(测试用的30秒)long delayTimes =30*1000;//发送延迟消息
        cancelOrderSender.sendMessage(orderId, delayTimes);
        helloOrderSender.sendMessage(orderId, delayTimes);}}

添加OmsPortalOrderController定义接口

packageorg.yxin.controller;importio.swagger.annotations.Api;importio.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;importorg.springframework.stereotype.Controller;importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;importorg.yxin.entity.OrderParam;importorg.yxin.service.OmsPortalOrderService;/**
 * 订单管理Controller
 * Created by dyx on 2023/8/30.
 */@Controller@Api(tags ="OmsPortalOrderController", description ="订单管理")@RequestMapping("/order")publicclassOmsPortalOrderController{@AutowiredprivateOmsPortalOrderService portalOrderService;@ApiOperation("根据购物车信息生成订单")@RequestMapping(value ="/generateOrder", method =RequestMethod.POST)@ResponseBodypublicObjectgenerateOrder(@RequestBodyOrderParam orderParam){return portalOrderService.generateOrder(orderParam);}}

进行接口测试

调用下单接口

注意：已经将延迟消息时间设置为30秒