.NET 6 WebApi Swagger 配置 JWT token+Authorize认证

本篇文章简易介绍 .Net6 Weapi Jwt的认证过程，在此之前简易介绍一下jwt的常见问题

流程可以根据下方的流程图做解析

首先大家要打开VS2022创建SP.NET Core WebApi 的项目

然后下载可以配置Jwt的的Nuget包

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer

我这里下载的是6.0版本的下载时提示报错和自己的版本不搭配，大家看自己core的版本而定吧

6.0的net 就要用6.0的jwt

appsetting.json文件添加Jwt配置，瞎写就行，但是得满足有着三个字段，因为JWT配置的时候要用

  "JWT": {
    "ISyouuser": "www.baidu.com.cn",//发行者
    "IsAudience": "www.Audience.com.cn",//接收者
    "SignKey": "000000000000000000"//秘钥
  },

在Program.cs添加token验证，这里有需要用到的发行者、接受者、秘钥Key 是读取的json的字符串

鉴权用的按钮：Authorize ，如果没有这个步骤就没有办法鉴权的这步也是关键

这两步都要加到var app = builder.Build();上面不然会报错(因为builder.Build()之后是不让修改builder的)

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using System.Text;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Add services to the container.

builder.Services.AddControllers();
// Learn more about configuring Swagger/OpenAPI at https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/swashbuckle
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

// 添加JWT token验证
builder.Services.AddAuthentication(x =>
{
    x.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
    x.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
}).AddJwtBearer(x =>
{
    x.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
    x.SaveToken = true;
    x.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
    {
        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
        IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(builder.Configuration.GetValue<string>("JWT:SignKey"))),//JWT秘钥
        ValidIssuer = builder.Configuration.GetValue<string>("JWT:ISyouuser"),//发行者,
        ValidAudience = builder.Configuration.GetValue<string>("JWT:IsAudience"),//接收者,
        ValidateIssuer = true,
        ValidateAudience = true,
        // 是否验证Token有效期，使用当前时间与Token的Claims中的NotBefore和Expires对比
        ValidateLifetime = true,
        //注意这是缓冲过期时间，总的有效时间等于这个时间加上jwt的过期时间，如果不配置，默认是5分钟
        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero
    };
});

//添加Swagger的Authiozer的按钮鉴权
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(s =>
{
    s.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "My API", Version = "v1" });
    s.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer", new OpenApiSecurityScheme()
    {
        Description = "在下框中输入请求头中需要添加Jwt授权Token：Bearer Token",
        Name = "Authorization",
        In = ParameterLocation.Header,
        Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey,
        BearerFormat = "JWT",
        Scheme = "Bearer"
    });

    s.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement
                    {
                        {
                            new OpenApiSecurityScheme{
                                Reference = new OpenApiReference {
                                            Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme,
                                            Id = "Bearer"}
                           },new string[] { }
                        }
                    });

});

var app = builder.Build();

// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseSwagger();
    app.UseSwaggerUI();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

//app.UseAuthorization();

app.UseAuthentication();// 认证中间件
app.UseAuthorization();//授权中间件

app.MapControllers();

app.Run();

然后我们还要启用验证,还是在program.cs下，注意顺序，不能乱，一定要先认证、再授权，否则会验证失败

app.UseAuthentication();// 认证中间件
app.UseAuthorization();//授权中间件

接下来我们新建一个Api控制器

写一个token 方法用来做测试，注意！！！如果要读取appsetting.json文件的数据必须在控制器里注入IConfiguration

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;

namespace test.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class ValuesController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IConfiguration _config;
        public ValuesController(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            _config = configuration;
        }
        [HttpGet]
        [Route("/GetToken")]
        public ActionResult<string> GetToken()
        {
            //这里我写死了，后边可以写一个实体，输入用户名和密码放进这里
            var claims = new[]
           {
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"userName"),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Upn,"userPwd")
            };
            //发行者

            var isyouruser = _config.GetValue<string>("JWT:ISyouuser");
            //接受者

            var isAudience = _config.GetValue<string>("JWT:IsAudience");
            //秘钥key

            var scKey = _config.GetValue<string>("JWT:SignKey");
            //设置token的过期时间

            DateTime timeout = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30);
            var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(scKey));
            var credentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);

            var jwtToken = new JwtSecurityToken(isyouruser, isAudience, claims, expires: timeout, signingCredentials: credentials);

            var token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(jwtToken);

            return "Bearer " + token;
        }
    }
}

然后在你需要授权的控制器加入属性[Authorize]

如下：