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MySQL - 基于SSL安全连接的主从复制

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    生产环境中一台mysql主机存在单点故障,所以我们要确保mysql的高可用性,即两台MySQL服务器如果其中有一台MySQL服务器挂掉后,另外一台能立马接替其进行工作。

主从复制的原理

    master记录二进制日志,在每个事务更新数据完成之前,master在二日志记录这些改变。MySQL将事务写入二进制日志,在事件写入二进制日志完成后,master通知存储引擎提交事务。 下一步就是slave将master的binary log拷贝到它自己的中继日志。首先,slave开始一个工作线程——I/O线程,I/O线程在master上打开一个普通的连接,然后开启binlog dump process。Binlog dump process从master的二进制日志中读取事件,如果已经同步了master,它会睡眠并等待master产生新的事件,I/O线程将这些事件写入中继日志。 SQL slave thread(SQL从线程)处理该过程的最后一步。SQL线程从中继日志读取事件,并重放其中的事件而更新slave的数据,使其与master中的数据一致。只要该线程与I/O线程保持一致,中继日志通常会位于OS的缓存中,所以中继日志的开销很小。

环境准备:打开两台MySQL服务器,部署网络环境。

部署master

  1. 主机创建 SSL/RSA 文件
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@master bin]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/llocal/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  1. 赋予权限并重启。
[root@master bin]# chmod +r /usr/local/mysql/data/server-key.pem 
[root@master bin]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  确定  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]
  1. 登录mysql查看ssl是否开启,并创建一个复制用户。

注:启用 mysql 支持 ssl 安全连接主要用于 mysql 主从复制(局域网可以非 ssh 连接即明文复制,但 internet 复制建议采用 ssl 连接)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.8.3' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
  1. master开启二进制日志,重启后查看二进制日志文件。

需要注意的是server_id必须唯一。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#添加下面内容
log-bin=mysql-bin
service_id=1
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  确定  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e "show master status"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  1. 防火墙配置,实验环境中可以关闭防火墙,生产环境中需要配置防火墙规则,允许3306端口。
[root@master ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
success
[root@master ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
  1. 把ssl文件复制到slave
[root@master data]# scp ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem [email protected]:/usr/local/mysql/data
The authenticity of host '192.168.8.3 (192.168.8.3)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:LFby9KMDz/kkPfOESbeJ7Qh+3hmQaX2W5gkDDMwSGHA.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:03:32:64:b4:c2:5b:6c:a4:e2:f0:7f:df:7a:35:19:80.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: 
ca.pem                             100% 1112   232.5KB/s   00:00    
client-cert.pem                    100% 1112   240.4KB/s   00:00    
client-key.pem                     100% 1676   205.0KB/s   00:00

部署slave

  1. 开启ssl、中继日志,赋予ssl文件读的权限并重启mysql。
[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#添加下面内容
server_id=2
relay-log=relay-log
ssl_ca=ca.pem
ssl_cert=client-cert.pem
ssl_key=client-key.pem
​
[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@slave data]# ll ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem 
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月  31 14:31 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月  31 14:31 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 3月  31 14:31 client-key.pem
[root@slave data]# chmod +r client-key.pem
[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  确定  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]
  1. 确认ssl开启成功
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e "show variables like '%ssl%'"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------------------------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name                       | Value           |
+-------------------------------------+-----------------+
| have_openssl                        | YES             |
| have_ssl                            | YES             |
| performance_schema_show_processlist | OFF             |
| ssl_ca                              | ca.pem          |
| ssl_capath                          |                 |
| ssl_cert                            | client-cert.pem |
| ssl_cipher                          |                 |
| ssl_crl                             |                 |
| ssl_crlpath                         |                 |
| ssl_key                             | client-key.pem  |
+-------------------------------------+-----------------+
  1. 在配置主从复制之前可以在从 mysql 上用 SSL 连接主服务器试试。

     注意分清IP,8.2是master的IP,可以看到ssl协议Cipher in use is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    
[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@slave data]# mysql --ssl-ca=ca.pem --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem -u rep -p123 -h 192.168.8.2
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.40, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        3
Current database:    
Current user:        [email protected]
SSL:            Cipher in use is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        192.168.8.2 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:    latin1
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
TCP port:        3306
Uptime:            22 min 19 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 8  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 109  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 102  Queries per second avg: 0.005
--------------
  1. 登录slave服务器,配置主从 replicate

记得先退出连接,登录slave的mysql服务。

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@slave data]# mysql -uroot -p123
#省略部分登录信息
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.8.2',                        #masterIP
    -> master_user='rep',                                #master用户
    -> master_password='123',                            #master密码
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',                #master二进制日志文件
    -> master_log_pos=154,                                #master位置
    -> master_ssl=1,                                    #masterssl
    -> master_ssl_cert='client-cert.pem',
    -> master_ssl_key='client-key.pem',
    -> master_ssl_ca='ca.pem';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec)

mysql> start slave;                #启用从
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

确认启用成功。

测试SSL主从复制

  1. 登录master,写入一些数据
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
#省略部分内容
mysql> create database bbs;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use bbs;
Database changed
mysql> create table tb1(id int,
    -> name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into tb1 values(1,'z3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
  1. 登录slave,查看数据
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
#省略部分内容
mysql> select * from bbs.tb1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | z3   |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

最后可以查看到z3,主从成功。

结语:

    SSL(Secure Sockets Layer 安全套接层),及其继任者传输层安全(Transport Layer Security,TLS)是为网络通信提供安全及数据完整性的一种安全协议。复制默认是明文进行传输的,通过SSL加密可以大大提高数据的安全性。
标签: sql mysql 数据库

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_61116007/article/details/129927865
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