Windows下玩转docker!(一)

前提是你肯定在你电脑上安装了docker

记得去配置一下阿里云加速的配置,不然你拉去镜像非常慢,话不多说,直接开始上手,建议把下文所有涉及到的命令自己敲一遍,下一篇还会降到docker高级用法,本篇只是基础入门!冲冲冲!

帮助命令

docker version

docker info

docker 命令 --help

镜像命令

docker images
可选项
-a ,-all 列出所有镜像
-q ,-quiet 只显示出镜像的id

docker search  搜索镜像
可选项
--filter=STARTS=3000

docker pull 镜像名:tag

docker rmi -f 镜像id [镜像id]
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

容器命令

新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] 镜像 
#参数说明
--name="Name" 给容器起一个名字
-d 以后台方式运行
-it 目录 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 80:80
      -p 主机端口:容器端口
      -p 容器端口
    -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
      容器端口
-P 随机指定端口

列出所有的运行的容器
docker ps
    -a
    -n=? 显示最近的具体几个
    -q 只显示容器的编号

退出容器
exit 退出并停止
ctrl+p+q 容器不停止退出

删除容器
docker rm 容器id 删除指定的容器,不能删除运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm

启动停止容器
docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id

常用的其他命令

后台启动应用
docker run -d 容器名

查看日志
-tf 显示日志
--tail number 要显示日志条数
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id 显示指定函数的日志

查看进程信息
docker top 容器id

查看镜像的元数据
docker inspect 镜像id
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "RepoTags": [
            "centos:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-09-15T18:20:05.184694267Z",
        "Container": "9bf8a9e2ddff4c0d76a587c40239679f29c863a967f23abf7a5babb6c2121bf1",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "9bf8a9e2ddff",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:f5b050f177fd426be8fe998a8ecf3fb1858d7e26dff4080b29a327d1bd5ba422",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:f5b050f177fd426be8fe998a8ecf3fb1858d7e26dff4080b29a327d1bd5ba422",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 231268856,
        "VirtualSize": 231268856,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b7962b6f0da839a54227e65e3dbb2773198fdeed81d90e7793ae3e6ecaa703af/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b7962b6f0da839a54227e65e3dbb2773198fdeed81d90e7793ae3e6ecaa703af/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b7962b6f0da839a54227e65e3dbb2773198fdeed81d90e7793ae3e6ecaa703af/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

进入正在运行的容器
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
C:\Users\>docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
379bfaccaf2e   centos    "/bin/bash"   25 minutes ago   Up 25 minutes             intelligent_babbage

C:\Users\>docker exec -it 379bfaccaf2e /bin/bash
[root@379bfaccaf2e /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 00:52 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        16     0  0 01:18 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        30    16  0 01:18 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

docker attach 容器id

从容器内拷贝东西到主机内
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径

练习

部署nginx

C:\Users\> docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
654283b0a5626ad5b5c90b7a675b844e0925b16721b5a749ba1d2f9e04d6ee31

C:\Users\>docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                  NAMES
654283b0a562   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp   nginx01

C:\Users\>curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

部署tomcat

docker run -it --rm tomcat

部署es+kibana

docker status 查看cpu的状态

commit镜像

docker commit 提交容器成为一个新的副本

docker commit -m='提交的信息描述' -a='作者' 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG]

C:\Users\>docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                    NAMES
3867a5b1e084   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes   0.0.0.0:8083->8080/tcp   tomcat01

C:\Users\>docker commit -a="aihua" -m="add webapps app" 3867a5b1e084 tomcat02:1.0
sha256:3e1c13340f0aea8f0a2b50427570151028a40aef58e7b56a3c5ebd5104ddaeda