Android开发之日期时间控件选择

Android开发之日期时间控件选择

文章目录

前言

整合Android原生控件（日期控件DatePicker、时间控件TimePicker）实现选择日期、时间绑定。
本文仅仅是一种参考，不光是时间控件，自定义的Layout一样可以采用这种方式。
涉及技术要点：
1.控件事件绑定
2.弹出框AlertDialog
3.日期格式化SimpleDateFormat

一、创建弹出Layout

1.1 新建Layout，修改样式为LinearLayout

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"></LinearLayout>

1.2 Layout中添加日期和时间控件

注意需要将控件的calendarViewShown指定为false及datePickerMode属性指定为spinner

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"><DatePicker
        android:id="@+id/dialog_datetime_date_picker"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:calendarViewShown="false"
        android:datePickerMode="spinner"/><TimePicker
        android:id="@+id/dialog_datetime_time_picker"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:calendarViewShown="false"
        android:datePickerMode="spinner"/></LinearLayout>

二、新建DateTimeDialog

创建DateTimeDialog类是为了将方法封装，以便我项目多次调用

public class DateTimeDialog {}

2.1 创建静态方法

2.1.1 创建SetDateDialog，用于选择日期

public staticvoidSetDateDialog(Context context, Activity activity, TextView textView, String... title){}

这里我们将引用控件的context、activity作为参数传入方法中，方便我们动态加载Layout和指定AlertDialog弹出所在的Activity，避免弹出框无法显示。
textView参数为需要绑定选择的控件，并且在选择之后，会将选择的日期返回给textView
titile是可选参数，指定弹出框的标题，不指定的话，会默认为“选择日期”

2.1.2 SetDateDialog中绑定textView的click事件

给textView绑定事件后，在用户点击控件时即可执行相应的事件内容，在此我们需要的是用户点击控件时，弹出日期选择框。

textView.setOnClickListener(view ->{
    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(activity);
    builder.setView(view1);
    builder.create().show();});

由于我们的控件中含有时间控件，需要隐藏

            View view1 = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.dialog_datetime, null);
            final TimePicker timePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_time_picker);
                        timePicker.setVisibility(View.GONE);

如果textView有默认值，则在弹出的时候需要将textView的日期带入弹出框中

            final DatePicker datePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_date_picker);
            Calendar calendar;
            String strDate = textView.getText().toString();
            calendar =convertDateToCalendar(strDate);
            datePicker.init(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR), calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH), calendar.get(Calendar.DATE), null);

设置弹出框的标题

if(title != null && title.length >0){
                builder.setTitle(title[0]);}else
                builder.setTitle("选择日期");

实现弹出框的按钮事件：
点击确定时，绑定值给textView，并关闭弹窗；点击取消时，直接关闭天窗；点击现在时，将当前时间传给textView，并关闭弹窗。

            builder.setPositiveButton("确 定",(dialog, i)->{//日期格式int year = datePicker.getYear();int month = datePicker.getMonth()+1;int dayOfMonth = datePicker.getDayOfMonth();

                textView.setText(String.format(Locale.getDefault(),"%d年%d月%d日 ", year, month, dayOfMonth));
                dialog.cancel();});
            builder.setNegativeButton("取 消",(dialog, which)-> dialog.cancel());
            builder.setNeutralButton("现 在",(dialog, i)->{
                SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年M月d日",Locale.getDefault());// HH:mm:ss//获取当前时间
                Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
                textView.setText(simpleDateFormat.format(date));
                dialog.cancel();});

以下是完整代码：

    public staticvoidSetDateDialog(Context context, Activity activity, TextView textView, String... title){
        textView.setOnClickListener(view ->{
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(activity);
            View view1 = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.dialog_datetime, null);
            final DatePicker datePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_date_picker);
            final TimePicker timePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_time_picker);
            timePicker.setIs24HourView(true);

            Calendar calendar;
            String strDate = textView.getText().toString();
            calendar =convertDateToCalendar(strDate);
            datePicker.init(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR), calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH), calendar.get(Calendar.DATE), null);
            timePicker.setHour(calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
            timePicker.setMinute(calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));

            timePicker.setVisibility(View.GONE);//            datePicker.setCalendarViewShown(false);//设置Date布局
            builder.setView(view1);if(title != null && title.length >0){
                builder.setTitle(title[0]);}else
                builder.setTitle("选择日期");

            builder.setPositiveButton("确 定",(dialog, i)->{//日期格式int year = datePicker.getYear();int month = datePicker.getMonth()+1;int dayOfMonth = datePicker.getDayOfMonth();

                textView.setText(String.format(Locale.getDefault(),"%d年%d月%d日 ", year, month, dayOfMonth));
                dialog.cancel();});
            builder.setNegativeButton("取 消",(dialog, which)-> dialog.cancel());
            builder.setNeutralButton("现 在",(dialog, i)->{
                SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年M月d日",Locale.getDefault());// HH:mm:ss//获取当前时间
                Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
                textView.setText(simpleDateFormat.format(date));
                dialog.cancel();});
            builder.create().show();});}

同样的方式我们再实现选择日期时间的方法，具体不再赘述，上代码：

   public staticvoidSetDateTimeDialog(Context context, Activity activity, TextView textView, String... title){
        textView.setOnClickListener(view ->{
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(activity);
            View view1 = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.dialog_datetime, null);
            final DatePicker datePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_date_picker);
            final TimePicker timePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_time_picker);
            timePicker.setIs24HourView(true);//            datePicker.setCalendarViewShown(false);

            Calendar calendar;
            String strDate = textView.getText().toString();
            calendar =convertDateToCalendar(strDate);
            datePicker.init(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR), calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH), calendar.get(Calendar.DATE), null);
            timePicker.setHour(calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
            timePicker.setMinute(calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));//设置Date布局
            builder.setView(view1);if(title != null && title.length >0){
                builder.setTitle(title[0]);}else
                builder.setTitle("选择时间");

            builder.setPositiveButton("确 定",(dialog, i)->{//日期格式int year = datePicker.getYear();int month = datePicker.getMonth()+1;int dayOfMonth = datePicker.getDayOfMonth();int hour = timePicker.getHour();int min = timePicker.getMinute();//                    timePicker.getSecond();
                textView.setText(String.format(Locale.getDefault(),"%d年%d月%d日 %d:%d", year, month, dayOfMonth, hour, min));
                dialog.cancel();});
            builder.setNegativeButton("取 消",(dialog, which)-> dialog.cancel());
            builder.setNeutralButton("现 在",(dialog, i)->{
                SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年M月d日 HH:mm", Locale.getDefault());// HH:mm:ss//获取当前时间
                Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
                textView.setText(simpleDateFormat.format(date));
                dialog.cancel();});
            builder.create().show();});}

文中提到的convertDateToCalendar是笔者用于日期转换的，您可以根据自己的需要去灵活实现

    private static Calendar convertDateToCalendar(String strDate){int year;int month;int day;int hour;int minute;
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();//获取当前时间
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());

        calendar.setTime(date);//        calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH,1);
        year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
        month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);
        day = calendar.get(Calendar.DATE);
        hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
        minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);if(strDate != null &&!strDate.equals("")){if(strDate.contains("：")){
                strDate = strDate.split("：")[1];}

            strDate = strDate.replace("年","-").replace("月","-").replace("日","").replace(".","").replace(" ","-").replace(":","-");
            Log.d("liuwz","convertDateToCalendar: "+strDate);if(strDate.split("-").length >=3){
                year = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[0]);
                month = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[1]);
                day = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[2]);if(strDate.split("-").length >=5){
                    hour = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[3]);
                    minute = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[4]);}
                calendar.set(year, month, day, hour, minute);
                calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH,-1);}elseif(strDate.split("-").length >=2){
                hour = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[0]);
                minute = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[1]);
                calendar.set(year, month, day, hour, minute);}}return calendar;}

至此已经大功告成，下面看下如何引用

2.2 引用

在任意需要用到选择时间的Activity的onCreate方法中添加下面一句代码即可：

               DateTimeDialog.SetDateDialog(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.this, timeSelectView,"请选择日期");

将其中的MainActivity修改为您当前的Activity；将timeSelectView 修改为您页面中的时间TextView或者EditView，“请选择日期”为可选参数，可忽略。

三. 总结

本文仅仅为了使用方便而对AlertDialog进行了封装，用的是Android的原生控件，写在此处仅仅给新入门的朋友们以参考。