微服务实战
1、前期准备
前面讲了微服务的许多概念和简单性对阶段代码。我们本次就系统化的实现一个小型微服务项目,使用电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例来实现。
1.1 技术选型
- maven:3.3.9
- 数据库:MySQL 5.7
- 持久层: SpingData Jpa
- 其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈
1.2 模块设计
springcloud-alibaba
:父工程shop-common
:公共模块【实体类】shop-user
:用户微服务 【端口: 807x】shop-product
:商品微服务 【端口: 808x】shop-order
:订单微服务 【端口: 809x】
1.3 微服务调用
在微服务架构中,最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来 演示微服务的调用:
客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求,在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者,把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。
在这种场景下,订单微服务就是一个服务消费者, 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。
2、创建父工程
创建一个maven工程,然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version></parent><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>pom</packaging><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version></properties><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement>
3、创建基础模块
3.1 导入依赖
创建 shop-common 模块,在pom.xml中添加依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.56</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version></dependency></dependencies></project>
3.2 创建实体类
用户实体类:
//用户@Entity(name ="shop_user")@DatapublicclassUser{@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy =GenerationType.IDENTITY)privateInteger uid;//主键privateString username;//用户名privateString password;//密码privateString telephone;//手机号}
商品实体类:
//商品@Entity(name ="shop_product")@DatapublicclassProduct{@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy =GenerationType.IDENTITY)privateInteger pid;//主键privateString pname;//商品名称privateDouble pprice;//商品价格privateInteger stock;//库存}
订单实体类:
//订单@Entity(name ="shop_order")@DatapublicclassOrder{@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy =GenerationType.IDENTITY)privateLong oid;//订单idprivateInteger uid;//用户idprivateString username;//用户名}
4、创建用户微服务
步骤:
- 创建模块 导入依赖
- 创建SpringBoot主类
- 加入配置文件
- 创建必要的接口和实现类
新建一个
shop-user
模块,然后进行下面操作:
4.1 创建shop-user模块
依赖于
shop-cmmon
模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-user</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies></project>
4.2 用户微服务启动类
@SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClientpublicclassUserApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);}}
4.3 创建配置文件
server:port:8071spring:application:name: service-product
datasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: root
password: root
jpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
5、创建商品微服务
5.1 创建shop_product模块
创建一个名为
shop_product
的模块,并添加springboot依赖,同样依赖于
shop-common
:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-product</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies></project>
5.2 商品微服务启动类
packagecom.itheima;@SpringBootApplicationpublicclassProductApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class, args);}}
5.3 创建配置文件
server:port:8081spring:application:name: service-product
datasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?
serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: root
password: root
jpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
5.4 创建ProductDao接口
packagecom.itheima.dao;publicinterfaceProductDaoextendsJpaRepository<Product,Integer>{}
5.5 创建ProductService接口和实现类
packagecom.itheima.service.impl;@ServicepublicclassProductServiceImplimplementsProductService{@AutowiredprivateProductDao productDao;@OverridepublicProductfindByPid(Integer pid){return productDao.findById(pid).get();}}
5.6 创建Controller
@RestController@Slf4jpublicclassProductController{@AutowiredprivateProductService productService;@GetMapping("/product/{pid}")publicProductproduct(@PathVariable("pid")Integer pid){Product product = productService.findByPid(pid); log.info("查询到商品:"+ JSON.toJSONString(product));return product;}}
5.7 启动商品微服务工程
启动商品微服务工程,等到数据库表创建完毕之后,加入测试数据:
INSERTINTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');INSERTINTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');INSERTINTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');INSERTINTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');
5.8 测试
通过浏览器访问服务:
表明,商品微服务已完成,可用。
6、创建订单微服务
6.1 创建shop-order模块
创建一个名为
shop-order
的模块,并添加springboot依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><parent><artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><artifactId>shop-order</artifactId><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.itheima</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency></dependencies></project>
6.2 订单微服务启动类
packagecom.itheima;@SpringBootApplicationpublicclassOrderApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}}
6.3 创建配置文件
server:port:8091spring:application:name: service-product
datasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?
serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: root
password: root
jpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
6.4 创建OrderDao接口
packagecom.itheima.dao;publicinterfaceOrderDaoextendsJpaRepository<Order,Long>{}
6.5 创建OrderService接口和实现类
@ServicepublicclassOrderServiceImplimplementsOrderService{@AutowiredprivateOrderDao orderDao;@Overridepublicvoidsave(Order order){
orderDao.save(order);}}
6.6 创建RestTemplate
@SpringBootApplicationpublicclassOrderApplication{publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args){SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}@BeanpublicRestTemplategetRestTemplate(){returnnewRestTemplate();}}
6.7 创建Controller
packagecom.itheima.controller;@RestController@Slf4jpublicclassOrderController{@AutowiredprivateRestTemplate restTemplate;@AutowiredprivateOrderService orderService;//准备买1件商品@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")publicOrderorder(@PathVariable("pid")Integer pid){
log.info(">>客户下单,这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8081/product/"+ pid,Product.class);}
测试
7、总结
至此,用户微服务、商品微服务、订单微服务都已经简单的搭好了,也能互相调用。但相信大家发现其中的一个点,就是我们把服务提供者的网络地址(ip,端 口)等硬编码到了代码中。
例如:
通过RestTemplate,把服务提供者的网络地址(ip,端 口)等硬编码到了代码中,这样会有什么问题呢?该怎么进行改进呢?大家可以想一下,我们在下篇文章中会解决这个问题。
从这篇文章中,大家可以简单的了解到微服务的架构是怎样的,其中的工程原理以及服务之间的调用等。
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