HIVE/SQL 实现同一列数据累加和累乘

一、累加

hive sql 实现同一列数据的累加，相信大家都会，这里就不过多解释了，贴一个例子结束：

with base_data as (
              select 1 as fee, '20220101' as dt 
    union all select 2 as fee, '20220101' as dt 
    union all select 3 as fee, '20220102' as dt 
    union all select 4 as fee, '20220102' as dt 
    union all select 5 as fee, '20220103' as dt 
    union all select 6 as fee, '20220103' as dt 
    union all select 7 as fee, '20220104' as dt 
    union all select 8 as fee, '20220105' as dt 
    union all select 9 as fee, '20220105' as dt 
)

select sum(fee) as fee from base_data

二、累乘

仔细一想，hive 好像没有直接对同一列求累乘的函数，这里需要用到高中的数学知识——对数，一起来回忆一下：

1. 对数定义

2.对数的性质

以上是对数的一些运算性质，其中我重点圈出了两个性质，这将是我们使用 hive sql 实现同一列数据累乘的关键；

1）左边的红框中，两个底数(a)相同的对数相加 = 以a为底(NM)的对数，其中(NM)就是我们想要的计算结果，应该如何获取(N*M)呢？

2）看右边红框的性质，我们可以利用这个性质获取(N*M)

映射到 hive ，可以将同一列的相乘转为同一列的对数相加，在求真数即可;

具体做法：

1）先将该列每一个值转为以10为底的对数(底数可随意)，再对该列求sum，最后就得到以10为底【该列所有值相加】的结果为真数的对数。记为结果A(利用hive的log()函数)

2）再对A取真数(利用hive的power()函数)

用到的 log() 和 power() 两个函数不了解的可以自行百度一下

写个例子实战一下：

with base_data as (
              select 1 as fee, '20220101' as dt 
    union all select 2 as fee, '20220101' as dt 
    union all select 3 as fee, '20220102' as dt 
    union all select 4 as fee, '20220102' as dt 
    union all select 5 as fee, '20220103' as dt 
    union all select 6 as fee, '20220103' as dt 
    union all select 7 as fee, '20220104' as dt 
    union all select 8 as fee, '20220105' as dt 
    union all select 9 as fee, '20220105' as dt 
)

select     sum(fee)                         as `单列累加`,
        power(10, sum(log(10, fee)))     as `单列累乘`
from     base_data

结果：

可以发现，理论上来说 123*...*9 = 362880，但是为什么结果会是 362879.9999999994呢？

这是因为在累乘过程中，由于进行了log转换，存在较小精度损失；在真正使用时一般会用**round()**进行四舍五入处理；

再看：

with base_data as (
              select 1 as fee, '20220101' as dt 
    union all select 2 as fee, '20220101' as dt 
    union all select 3 as fee, '20220102' as dt 
    union all select 4 as fee, '20220102' as dt 
    union all select 5 as fee, '20220103' as dt 
    union all select 6 as fee, '20220103' as dt 
    union all select 7 as fee, '20220104' as dt 
    union all select 8 as fee, '20220105' as dt 
    union all select 9 as fee, '20220105' as dt 
)

select     sum(fee)                             as `单列累加`,
        power(10, sum(log(10, fee)))         as `单列累乘`,
        round(power(10, sum(log(10, fee))))    as `单列累乘-精度处理`
from     base_data

结果：

至此，DONE