前言
本篇文章来自于笔者之前写过的一个系列 —— “根据源码,模拟实现 RabbitMQ” 系列,不妨可以去看看~
一、再谈自定义应用层协议
a)这个自定义应用层协议实际上就是在描述将来 客户端 和 服务器 之间通讯的消息格式长啥样
b)首先是一个 Int 类型的 type,描述了这个消息到底是用来干什么的(要调用服务器这边的哪一个服务).
c)然后就是 payload 的数据载荷,承载着将来调用 VirtualHost 中的具体的服务所需要的参数(例如创建交换机所需要的参数就有:交换机名字、交换机类型、是否自动删除、是否持久化、扩展参数).
因为 TCP 是面向字节流的(IO 流中主要提供的就是二进制数据的读写),因此这里不太适合使用 JSON 格式数据进行网络传输(可读性不好,效率不高),因此这里 payload 是一个 字节数组,将具体的数据序列化成 byte 数组放进来.
d)这里要注意的一点是,TCP 是面向字节流的,因此会出现粘包问题,那么为了解决这个问题,由两种办法,第一种就是约定分割符(读到指定分隔符就截止),第二种就是描述好 payload 的长度.
这里我采用的就是第二种办法,只需要在协议里面在添加一个 length 字段,用来描述 payload 的长度.
import java.io.Serializable
//Socket 自定义应用层协议(请求)
data class Request(
val type: Int,
val length: Int,
val payload: ByteArray,
): Serializable
//Socket 自定义应用层协议(响应)
data class Response(
val type: Int,
val length: Int,
val payload: ByteArray,
): Serializable
//基本参数(每个请求都会携带的参数,这里进行了一个封住)
open class ReqBaseArguments(
open val rid: String = "",
open val channelId: String = "",
): Serializable
//基本响应参数(每个响应都会携带的参数),主要是为了应对 mq 回调响应处理
open class RespBaseArguments(
open val rid: String,
open val channelId: String,
open val ok: Boolean,
): Serializable
//主要的请求: 创建交换机、删除交换机、创建队列
data class ExchangeDeclareReq(
val name: String,
val type: ExchangeType,
val durable: Boolean,
val autoDelete: Boolean,
val arguments: MutableMap<String, Any>,
override val rid: String,
override val channelId: String,
): ReqBaseArguments(), Serializable
data class ExchangeDeleteReq(
val name: String,
override val rid: String,
override val channelId: String,
): ReqBaseArguments(), Serializable
data class QueueDeclareReq(
val name: String,
val durable: Boolean,
val exclusive: Boolean,
val autoDelete: Boolean,
val arguments: MutableMap<String, Any>,
override val rid: String,
override val channelId: String,
): ReqBaseArguments(), Serializable
二、再谈 BrokerServer
a)BrokerServer 就是一个中间服务,也可以简单理解为 VirtualHost 的代理(BrokerServer 接收客户端请求,调用 VirtualHost 中具体的服务).
b)BrokerServer 启动的时候,就会通过 accept 阻塞等待客户端这边的 TCP 连接,连接成功之后只需要为该客户端其分配一个线程,处理之后的任务.
c)此时这个线程就会处于一个死循环循环,通过 IO 流读取到 客户端 请求中的 type、length、payload ,并按照约定的格式进行解析 payload,得到具体数据(这里不仅包含了 VirtualHost 服务中所需要的具体的参数,还携带了 channelId 和 rid)
d)此时,只需要根据 IO 流中读取出的 type,调用对应 VirtualHost 中的服务即可.
e)最后再将 VirtualHost 处理后得到的响应封装成 我们约定的应用层协议格式,通过 IO 写入到流中,让客户端去读取.
class BrokerServer(
port: Int
) {
private val socket = ServerSocket(port)
private val clientPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5)
//key: channelId ,value: Socket
//注意:这里的 Channel 只表示一个 "逻辑" 上的连接(创建,销毁 channel),这个 Map 是为了后台信息统计
private val channelSession = ConcurrentHashMap<String, Socket>()
private val virtualHost = VirtualHost()
fun start() {
println("[BrokerServer] 启动!")
while (true) {
val client = socket.accept()
clientPool.submit {
clientProcess(client)
}
}
}
private fun clientProcess(client: Socket) {
println("[BrokerServer] 客户端上线!ip: ${client.inetAddress}, port: ${client.port}")
try {
client.getInputStream().use { inputStream ->
client.getOutputStream().use { outputStream ->
DataInputStream(inputStream).use { dataInputStream ->
DataOutputStream(outputStream).use { dataOutputStream ->
while (true) {
val request = readRequest(dataInputStream)
val response = process(request, client)
writeResponse(response, dataOutputStream)
}
}
}
}
}
} catch (e: EOFException) {
println("[BrokerServer] 客户端正常下线!ip: ${client.inetAddress}, port: ${client.port}")
} catch (e: Exception) {
println("[BrokerServer] 客户端连接异常!ip: ${client.inetAddress}, port: ${client.port}")
} finally {
client.close()
removeChannelSession(client)
}
}
private fun process(request: Request, client: Socket) = with(request) {
//1.解析请求
val req = BinaryTool.bytesToAny(payload)
//2.获取请求中的 channelId,记录和 Socket 的关系(让每个 channel 都对应自己的 Socket,类似于 Session)
val reqBase = req as ReqBaseArguments
//3.根据 type 类型执行不同的服务(创建 Channel、销毁 Channel、创建交换机、删除交换机...)
val ok = when(type) {
1 -> {
channelSession[reqBase.channelId] = client
println("[BrokerServer] channel 创建成功!channelId: ${reqBase.channelId}")
true
}
2 -> {
channelSession.remove(reqBase.channelId)
println("[BrokerServer] channel 销毁成功!channelId: ${reqBase.channelId}")
true
}
3 -> virtualHost.exchangeDeclare(req as ExchangeDeclareReq)
4 -> virtualHost.exchangeDelete(req as ExchangeDeleteReq)
5 -> virtualHost.queueDeclare(req as QueueDeclareReq)
//...
else -> throw RuntimeException("[BrokerServer] 客户端请求 type 非法!type: $type")
}
//4.返回响应
val respBase = RespBaseArguments(reqBase.rid, reqBase.channelId, ok)
val payload = BinaryTool.anyToBytes(respBase)
Response(type, payload.size, payload)
}
/**
* 读取客户端请求
* 使用 DataInputStream 的主要原因就是有多种读取方式,例如 readInt()、readLong(),这些都是原生 InputStream 没有的
*/
private fun readRequest(dataInputStream: DataInputStream) = with(dataInputStream) {
val type = readInt()
val length = readInt()
val payload = ByteArray(length)
val n = read(payload)
if (n != length) throw RuntimeException("[BrokerServer] 读取客户端请求异常!")
Request(type, length, payload)
}
/**
* 将响应写回给客户端
*/
private fun writeResponse(response: Response, outputStream: DataOutputStream) = with(outputStream) {
writeInt(response.type)
writeInt(response.length)
write(response.payload)
flush()
}
//删除所有和这个 clientSocket 有关的 Channel
private fun removeChannelSession(client: Socket) {
val channelIdList = mutableListOf<String>()
//这里不能直接删除,会破坏迭代器结构
for (entry in channelSession) {
if (entry.value == client) channelIdList.add(entry.key)
}
for (channelId in channelIdList) {
channelSession.remove(channelId)
}
}
}
class VirtualHost {
fun exchangeDeclare(req: ExchangeDeclareReq): Boolean {
//执行业务逻辑
//...
println("[VirtualHost] 创建交换机成功!")
return true
}
fun exchangeDelete(req: ExchangeDeleteReq): Boolean {
//执行业务逻辑
//...
println("[VirtualHost] 删除交换机成功!")
return true
}
fun queueDeclare(req: QueueDeclareReq): Boolean {
//执行业务逻辑
//...
println("[VirtualHost] 创建队列成功!")
return true
}
}
三、再谈 Connection、Channel
a)一个 Connection 就是一个 TCP 连接,因此频繁 建立/断开连接(三次握手、四次挥手...)的开销也是相当大的,因此就引入了 Channel.
b)一个 Connection 下可以有多个 Channel(此处使用 map 来维护). Channel 只是简单的表示一个逻辑上的连接,可以理解为一个大的项目下被拆分成的多个小的微服务. 实现了 TCP 连接的复用.
c)起初,我们需要先创建出 Connection 与服务端建立连接,初始化构造中只需要写一个死循环,不断的从服务端这边读取响应.
d)接着,通过 Connection 创建出 Channel 来完成具体的业务(Channel 中就提供了一系列方法,就像调用本地的方法一样,调用到远程服务器的接口).
e)例如 Channel 中提供的创建叫交换机方法(channel.exchangeDeclare(...)),这个方法中具体要做的就是将传入的参数,封装到一个对象中,序列化成 二进制 数据,这就是将来协议中要传输的 payload. 进一步的,协议 Request 就构造出来了,通过 IO 写到流中,供服务端读取.
d)为了能够让每次请求和响应都能对的上,Channel 这里我维护了一个 map(key 是 rid、value 是具体的响应),客户端和服务端之间的每个请求和响应都会携带上这个 rid 这个参数,这样将来 Connection 客户端接受到响应的时候,就可以直接把 响应中的 rid 提取出来,交给 Channel 的 map 中(响应来之前,Channel 一直阻塞等待,直到响应来了 -> 能通过 rid 从 map 中得到).
class ConnectionFactory(
private val host: String,
private val port: Int,
) {
fun newConnection() = Connection(host, port)
}
class Connection(
ip: String,
port: Int,
) {
private val socket = Socket(ip, port)
private val channelMap = ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel>()
//下述这样提前创建好,是为了将来 Channel 在读写请求的时候的方便(Channel 就不用获取输入输出流了)
private val inputStream = socket.getInputStream()
private val outputStream = socket.getOutputStream()
private val dataInputStream = DataInputStream(inputStream)
private val dataOutputStream = DataOutputStream(outputStream)
init {
//此线程负责不停的从服务器这边获取响应
Thread {
try {
while (!socket.isClosed) {
//读取服务器响应
val resp = readResp()
//将响应交给对应的 Channel
putRespToChannel(resp)
}
} catch (e: SocketException) {
println("[Connection] 客户端正常断开连接")
} catch (e: Exception) {
println("[Connection] 客户端异常断开连接")
e.printStackTrace()
}
}.start()
}
/**
* 将客户端 Connection 接收到的请求,交给对应的 Channel 处理(此时 Channel 还在阻塞等待服务端响应)
*/
private fun putRespToChannel(resp: Response) {
//这里由于不涉及回调,所以每个 type 类型的响应都长一样,就按照一样的方式解析了
val baseResp = BinaryTool.bytesToAny(resp.payload) as RespBaseArguments
val channel = channelMap[baseResp.channelId]
?: throw RuntimeException("[Connection] 该响应对应的 Channel 不存在!channelId: ${baseResp.channelId}")
//将响应交给 Channel
channel.notifyResp(baseResp)
}
/**
* 创建 Channel
*/
fun createChannel(): Channel { //1.创建 Channel,保存到 map 种
val channelId = "C-${UUID.randomUUID()}"
val channel = Channel(channelId, this)
channelMap[channelId] = channel
//2.告知服务端 Channel 创建
val ok = channel.createChannel()
//3.如果 Channel 创建不成功,客户端这边也应该要删除对应的 Channel 信息
if (!ok) channelMap.remove(channelId)
return channel
}
private fun readResp() = with(dataInputStream) {
val type = readInt()
val length = readInt()
val payload = ByteArray(length)
val n = read(payload)
if (n != length) throw RuntimeException("[Connection] 客户端读取响应异常!")
Response(type, length, payload)
}
fun writeReq(request: Request) = with(dataOutputStream) {
writeInt(request.type)
writeInt(request.length)
write(request.payload)
flush()
}
}
class Channel(
private val channelId: String,
private val connection: Connection, //自己当前属于哪个 Channel
) {
//key: rid(为了能让每个 Channel 对应上自己的响应)
//value: RespBaseArguments(具体的响应)
//当 Connection 的扫描线程接收到响应之后,就会将响应传给这个 map
private val ridRespMap = ConcurrentHashMap<String, RespBaseArguments>()
//这个锁是用来阻塞等待服务端响应的(避免轮询),当服务端传来响应时,Connection 就会唤醒锁
private val locker = Object()
private fun generateRid() = "R-${UUID.randomUUID()}"
private fun waitResp(rid: String): RespBaseArguments {
val respBase: RespBaseArguments
while (ridRespMap[rid] == null) { // 如果为空,说明此时服务端还没有传来响应
synchronized(locker) { //为了避免轮询,就让其阻塞等待
locker.wait()
}
}
//出了这个循环,那么 ridRespMap[rid] 一定不为空
return ridRespMap[rid]!!
}
fun notifyResp(respBase: RespBaseArguments) {
ridRespMap[respBase.rid] = respBase
synchronized(locker) {
//当前也不直到有多少线程在等待响应,就全部唤醒
locker.notifyAll()
}
}
/**
* 创建 Channel
*/
fun createChannel(): Boolean {
//1.创建基本请求
val reqBase = ReqBaseArguments(
rid = generateRid(),
channelId = channelId
)
//2.构造 TCP 通信请求
val payload = BinaryTool.anyToBytes(reqBase)
val req = Request(
type = 1,
length = payload.size,
payload = payload
)
//3.发送请求
connection.writeReq(req)
//4.等待客户端响应
val respBase = waitResp(reqBase.rid)
return respBase.ok
}
fun removeChannel(): Boolean {
//1.创建基本请求
val reqBase = ReqBaseArguments(
rid = generateRid(),
channelId = channelId
)
//2.构造 TCP 通信请求
val payload = BinaryTool.anyToBytes(reqBase)
val req = Request(
type = 2,
length = payload.size,
payload = payload
)
//3.发送请求
connection.writeReq(req)
//4.等待客户端响应
val respBase = waitResp(reqBase.rid)
return respBase.ok
}
fun exchangeDeclare(
name: String,
type: ExchangeType,
durable: Boolean,
autoDelete: Boolean,
arguments: MutableMap<String, Any>,
): Boolean {
val exchangeDeclareReq = ExchangeDeclareReq(
name = name,
type = type,
durable = durable,
autoDelete = autoDelete,
arguments = arguments,
rid = generateRid(),
channelId = channelId,
)
val payload = BinaryTool.anyToBytes(exchangeDeclareReq)
val req = Request(
type = 3,
length = payload.size,
payload = payload,
)
connection.writeReq(req)
val respBase = waitResp(exchangeDeclareReq.rid)
return respBase.ok
}
fun exchangeDelete(name: String): Boolean {
val exchangeDeleteReq = ExchangeDeleteReq(
name = name,
rid = generateRid(),
channelId = channelId,
)
val payload = BinaryTool.anyToBytes(exchangeDeleteReq)
val req = Request(
type = 4,
length = payload.size,
payload = payload,
)
connection.writeReq(req)
val respBase = waitResp(exchangeDeleteReq.rid)
return respBase.ok
}
fun queueDeclare(
name: String,
durable: Boolean,
exclusive: Boolean,
autoDelete: Boolean,
arguments: MutableMap<String, Any>,
): Boolean {
val queueDeclareReq = QueueDeclareReq(
name = name,
durable = durable,
exclusive = exclusive,
autoDelete = autoDelete,
arguments = arguments,
rid = generateRid(),
channelId = channelId,
)
val payload = BinaryTool.anyToBytes(queueDeclareReq)
val req = Request(
type = 5,
length = payload.size,
payload = payload,
)
connection.writeReq(req)
val resp = waitResp(queueDeclareReq.rid)
return resp.ok
}
}
四、Demo
a)启动服务器
fun main() {
val server = BrokerServer(9000)
server.start()
}
b)客户端连接
class Test2 {
}
fun main() {
val factory = ConnectionFactory("127.0.0.1", 9000)
val connection = factory.newConnection()
val channel = connection.createChannel()
val ok1 = channel.createChannel()
val ok2 = channel.exchangeDeclare("e1", ExchangeType.DIRECT, false, false, mutableMapOf())
val ok3 = channel.removeChannel()
println("ok1: $ok1, ok2: $ok2, ok3: $ok3")
}
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