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使用C++从零开始，自己写一个MiniWeb

第一步：新建项目

1、打开VS点击创建新项目

2、选择空项目并点下一步（切记不能选错项目类型）

3、填写项目名称和路径，点击创建即可

新建好后项目是这样的比较干净

4、右击源文件，点击添加，新建http.cpp文件

第二步：前期准备

在http.cpp最上面引入依赖，并撰写main方法，打印错误日志的方法

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"WS2_32.lib")
#define PRINTF(str) printf("[%s - %d]"#str"%s",__func__,__LINE__,str);

//打印错误日志
void error_die(const char* str) {
    perror(str);
    exit(1);

}

int main(void) {

    return 0;
}

第三步：网络初始化

初始化可以分为五步：1、网络通讯初始化===>>>2、创建套接字===>>>3、绑定端口===>>>4、绑定套接字===>>>5、创建监听队列

代码实现如下：

int startup(unsigned short *port) {

    //1、网络通讯初始化
    WSADATA data;
    int res = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1,1), &data);
    if (res) {
        error_die("init fail");
    }
    //2、创建套接字
    int server_socket = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);

    if (server_socket == -1) {
        error_die("sock create fail");
    }

    //3、绑定端口
    int opt = 1;
    res = setsockopt(server_socket,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,(const char*) & opt, sizeof(opt));

    if (res) {
        error_die("port bing fail");
    }

    //4、绑定套接字
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
    memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(*port);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    res = bind(server_socket,(struct sockaddr*) &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));

    if (res<0) {
        error_die("sock bing fail");
    }

    //5、创建监听队列
    int nameLen = sizeof(server_addr);
    if (*port == 0) {
        res = getsockname(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr,&nameLen);
        if (res) {
            error_die("dynamic sock create fail");
        }

        *port = server_addr.sin_port;
    }

    res = listen(server_socket, 5);
    if (res < 0) {
        error_die("listen queque create fail");
    }
    return server_socket;

};

main方法修改如下:

int main(void) {
    //1、初始化
    unsigned short port = 8000;
    int server_sock = startup(&port);
    printf("http have benn started ,listening [%d] port...",port);

    return 0;
}

第四步：处理用户请求

1、报文背景知识

浏览器发起新的访问时，会向服务器端发送一个请求报文。例如，在浏览器地址输入 127.0.0.1:8000 回车后，服务器端收到的完整报文如下：

GET / HTTP/1.1\n
Host: 127.0.0.1:8000\n
Connection: keep-alive\n
Cache-Control: max-age=0\n
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\n
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36\n
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,/;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9\n
Sec-Fetch-Site: none\n
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate\n
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1\n
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document\n
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\n
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\n
\n

请求报文由4四个部分组成：请求行、请求头部行、空行、请求数据。具体格式如下：

2、具体处理

具体处理代码如下：

//从指定的客户端套接字读取一行数据，保持到buff中，返回实际读取到了字节数
int get_line(int sock, char* buff, int size) {
    char c = 0;
    int i = 0;
    while (i < size - 1 && c != '\n') {
        int n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
        if (n > 0) {
            if (c == '\r') {
                n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);
                if (n > 0 && c == '\n') {
                    recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
                }
                else {

                    c = '\n';
                }
            }
            buff[i++] = c;
        }
        else {

            c = '\n';
        }
    }
    buff[i] = 0;
    return 0;
}

//向指定套接字，发送一个未支持提示还没有实现的错误页面
void unimplement(int client) {
    
char buf[1024];
 
    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 
    sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

}

//向指定套接字，发送一个未支持提示还没有实现的错误页面
void not_found(int client) {
    
char buf[1024];
 
    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "<HTML><TITLE>Not Found</TITLE>\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>The server could not fulfill\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
    send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

}

//发送响应的头信息
void headers(int client) {
    
    char buff[1024];
    strcpy(buff, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
    send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

    strcpy(buff, "Server:MyHttpd/0.1\r\n");
    send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

    strcpy(buff, "Content-type:text/html\n");
    send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

    strcpy(buff, "\r\n");
    send(client, buff, strlen(buff), 0);

}

//发送文件
void cat(int client,FILE* resource) {
    char buff[4096];
    int count = 0;
    while (1) {
        int ret = fread(buff, sizeof(char), sizeof(buff), resource);
        if (ret <= 0) {
            break;
        }
        send(client, buff, ret, 0);
        count += ret;
    }
    printf("total send [%d] to client\n",count);
}

void server_file(int client,const char* fileName) {
    char numchars = 1;
    char buff[1024];
    while (numchars > 0 && strcmp(buff, "/n")) {
        numchars = get_line(client, buff, sizeof(buff));
        PRINTF(buff);
    }

    FILE*  resource = fopen(fileName,"r");

    if (resource==NULL) {
        not_found(client);
    }
    else {
        //发送头信息
        headers(client);
        //发送文件
        cat(client, resource);

        printf("file send success");

    }
    fclose(resource);

}

DWORD WINAPI accept_request(LPVOID arg) {
    char buff[1024];
    int client = (SOCKET)arg;
    //1、获取第一行
    int numchars = get_line(client, buff,sizeof(buff));
    PRINTF(buff);
    
    char method[255];
    int j = 0 ,i =0;
    while (!isspace(buff[j])&&i < sizeof(method)-1) {
        method[i++] = buff[j++];
    }
    method[i] = 0;
    PRINTF(method);

    //2、检查请求方法是否支持
    if (stricmp(method,"GET")&& stricmp(method, "POST")) {
        //向浏览器返回错误提示页面
        unimplement(client);
        return 0;
    }

    //3、解析资源路径
    char url[255];
    i = 0;
    while (isspace(buff[j]) && j < sizeof(buff)) {
        j++;
    }
    while (!isspace(buff[j])&& sizeof(url)-1 && j < sizeof(buff)) {
        url[i++] = buff[j++];
    }
    url[i] = 0;
    PRINTF(url);

    char path[512] = "";
    sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url);
    if (path[strlen(path)-1]=='/') {
        strcat(path, "index.html");

    }
    PRINTF(path);

    struct stat status ;
    if (stat(path,&status)==-1) {
        //把请求包里的东西读完
        while (numchars>0&&strcmp(buff,"/n")) {
            numchars = get_line(client, buff, sizeof(buff));
        }
        PRINTF(buff);
        not_found(client);
    }else {
        if ((status.st_mode & S_IFMT)==S_IFDIR) {
            strcat(path, "index.html");
        }
        server_file(client,path);
    }

    closesocket(client);

    return 0;
}

github地址：

https://github.com/1756336885/miniWeb.git

gitee地址：

miniWeb: 迷你版的web,用C++撰写，后期会添加数据库，中间件相关的操作

参考文章：

2-创建项目_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

C语言手写HTTPD网站服务器_126775241csdn-CSDN博客

标签： c++ 开发语言
本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_55229531/article/details/136059187
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