Python+Selenium PO模式Web自动化测试实战

1、项目结构

2、BASE层封装代码

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
import datetime
import os
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select

class BasePage:

    # 构造函数，初始化方法
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)

    # 获取URL
    def geturl(self):
        self.driver.get(self.url)

    # 定位元素
    def locator_element(self, loc):
        return self.driver.find_element(*loc)

    def locator_elements(self, loc):
        return self.driver.find_elements(*loc)

    def get_text(self, loc):
        return self.locator_element(loc).text

    # 重构send_keys方法
    def send_keys(self, loc, value):
        self.locator_element(loc).send_keys(value)
        # self.driver.find_element(*loc).send_keys(value)

    def clear(self, loc):
        self.locator_element(loc).clear()

    # 重构下拉框操作
    def select(self, loc, value):
        sel = Select(self.locator_element(loc))
        sel.select_by_visible_text(value)

    # 重构click方法
    def click(self, loc):
        self.locator_element(loc).click()

    # frame切换
    def switch_to_frame(self, frame):
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(frame)

    # frame切换返回
    def switch_to_default_content(self):
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()

    # 切换窗口
    def switch_to_window(self, title):
        for handle in self.driver.window_handles:
            self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)
            if title == self.driver.title:
                break

    # 截屏,默认在项目目录下生成图片
    def save_screenshot(self, filename):
        self.driver.save_screenshot(filename)

    # 截屏，可以指定文件路径
    def get_screenshot_as_file(self, filename):
        pro_dir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))    # 获取当前项目的根路径
        screenshot_dir = os.path.join(pro_dir, "screenshot")    # 根路径下创建文件夹screenshot
        if not os.path.exists(screenshot_dir):
            os.makedirs(screenshot_dir)
        data_file = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')  # 当日日期
        screenshot_today_dir = os.path.join(screenshot_dir, data_file)  # 当前日期文件夹
        if not os.path.exists(screenshot_today_dir):
            os.mkdir(screenshot_today_dir)  # 不存在则创建日期文件夹
        now_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%H%M%S')  # 时间戳%H%M%S%f
        filename = f'{filename}_{now_time}.png'  # 拼接文件名 时间戳+文件名+.png
        filepath = os.path.join(screenshot_today_dir, filename)
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(filepath)

    def quit(self):
        self.driver.quit()

3、Excel文件读写封装

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
import datetime
import openpyxl

class OperateExcel:

    # @staticmethod
    # def get_object_path():
    #     # 获取文件的绝对路径，相对路径容易出错
    #     path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)).split('/base')[0]
    #     filepath = f'{path}/data/goods_search.xlsx'
    #     return filepath

    @staticmethod
    def read_excel(excel_path, sheet_name):
        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(excel_path)
        sheet = wb[sheet_name]
        rows = sheet.max_row
        cols = sheet.max_column
        data_list = []
        for row in range(2, rows + 1):
            temp_data = []
            for col in range(1, cols + 1):
                value = sheet.cell(row=row, column=col).value
                temp_data.append(value)
            data_list.append(tuple(temp_data))
        print(data_list)
        return data_list

    @staticmethod
    def write_excel(excel_path, sheet_name, row, col, value):
        # current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(excel_path)
        sheet = wb[sheet_name]
        sheet.cell(row, col, value)
        wb.save(excel_path)

4、测试案例代码

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
import datetime
import os
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
from base.operate_excel import OperateExcel
from po.aptitude_pic_page import AptitudePicPage
from po.goods_search_page import GoodSearchPage
from po.index_login_page import IndexLoginPage
from po.index_logout_page import IndexLogoutPage

class TestCase:
    # 1.实例化一个ChromeOptions对象
    option = ChromeOptions()
    option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
    # 2.将ChromeOptions实例化的对象option作为参数传给Chrome对象，规避部分网站的检测识别
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='chromedriver', options=option)

    @staticmethod
    def get_object_path():
        # 获取文件的绝对路径，相对路径容易出错
        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)).split('/case')[0]
        filepath = f'{path}/data/goods_search.xlsx'
        return filepath

    # 打开浏览器并登录
    def setup_class(self):
        IndexLoginPage(self.driver).login()

    # 退出浏览器
    def teardown_class(self):
        IndexLogoutPage(self.driver).logout()

    # 用例1，实现登录后查询多种商品，查询结果写入Excel文件中
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('args', OperateExcel().read_excel(get_object_path(), '搜索'))
    # @pytest.mark.skip(reason='调试跳过')
    def test_case_001(self, args):
        n = args[0]     # 根据序号定位excel中的位置
        value = GoodSearchPage(self.driver).goods_search(args[1])
        OperateExcel().write_excel(TestCase().get_object_path(), '搜索', n+1, 3, value)
        OperateExcel().write_excel(TestCase().get_object_path(), '搜索', n+1, 4, datetime.datetime.now())

5、data文件夹中的测试数据（黄色部分内容为写入数据）
*序号搜索关键字*商品信息(原价最高)**搜索日期1电视小米透明OLED电视 55英寸 黑色
49999元2022-06-04 0:32:072风扇米家空调 清凉版 大1匹
1699元 1999元2022-06-04 0:32:123黑鲨5黑鲨4S Pro 16GB+512GB
3599元 5499元2022-06-04 0:32:164手机Xiaomi MIX Alpha
19999元2022-06-04 0:32:225红米Redmi MAX 100" 巨屏电视 枪色
19999元2022-06-04 0:32:286牙刷T700+2支全效超薄型（热销爆款-1年量）
359元2022-06-04 0:32:337耳机Redmi K50 Pro 12GB+512GB&Buds 4 Pro（镜湖白）套装
4398元2022-06-04 0:32:398净化器米家循环风空气净化器 白色
2199元 2499元2022-06-04 0:32:449加湿器米家纯净式智能加湿器 Pro 白色
899元2022-06-04 0:32:4810电吹风米家高速吹风机 H900 深空锖
999元 1299元2022-06-04 0:32:53
6、po层登录模块

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from base.base_pae import BasePage

class IndexLoginPage(BasePage):
    # 主页地址
    url = r"https://www.mi.com/index.html"

    # 页面元素定位
    login_loc = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="J_siteUserInfo"]/a[1]')
    protocol = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="stat_e3c9df7196008778"]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/div/div[3]/button[1]')
    username = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="rc-tabs-0-panel-login"]/form/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div/div/input')
    password = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="rc-tabs-0-panel-login"]/form/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/input')
    check_box = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="rc-tabs-0-panel-login"]/form/div[1]/div[3]/label/span[1]/input')
    sumit = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="rc-tabs-0-panel-login"]/form/div[1]/button')

    # 页面业务流操作(登录)
    def login(self, user='******', psw='******'):
        self.geturl()
        self.click(self.login_loc)
        time.sleep(2)
        # 判断用户协议是否存在,如果存在点击同意
        protocol = self.locator_elements(self.protocol)
        if protocol:
            self.click(self.protocol)
        self.send_keys(self.username, user)
        self.send_keys(self.password, psw)
        self.click(self.check_box)
        self.click(self.sumit)

7、po层退出模块

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from base.base_pae import BasePage

class IndexLogoutPage(BasePage):
    # 页面元素定位
    login_loc = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="J_siteUserInfo"]/a[1]')
    logout_loc = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="J_userLogout"]')

    # 页面业务流操作(退出登录)
    def logout(self):
        # 判断是否存在登录，如果存在说明处于无用户登录状态，直接关闭浏览器，如果不存在，说明为用户登录状态，点击退出登录
        login = self.locator_element(self.login_loc)
        if not login:
            self.click(self.logout_loc)
        time.sleep(3)
        self.quit()

8、po查询案例模块

# -- coding: UTF-8 --
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from base.base_pae import BasePage

class GoodSearchPage(BasePage):
    # 页面元素定位
    search_loc = (By.ID, 'search')  # 搜索框
    search_summit = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="J_submitBtn"]/input')  # 搜索按钮
    order = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="app"]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div[1]/ul[1]/li[4]/a')  # 商品列表排序按钮
    max_price = (By.XPATH, '//*[@id="app"]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]')  # 第一位置商品
    index_xiaomi = (By.LINK_TEXT, '小米商城')   # 返回小米商城首页

    # 页面操作（登录后搜索指定商品，并取出对应的价格最高商品）
    def goods_search(self, value):
        self.clear(self.search_loc)
        self.send_keys(self.search_loc, value)
        self.click(self.search_summit)
        # 对查询结果进行按价格排序后取处理
        self.click(self.order)
        self.click(self.order)
        time.sleep(2)
        if self.locator_element(self.max_price):    # 如果查询结果存在，则获取商品信息
            num = self.get_text(self.max_price)
            return num