ubuntu20.04.6使用FTP-及相关安全配置

前言：

    作为一名运维，对文件系统，网络，文件共享，内存，CPU，以及一些应用服务及监控相关的知识需要
了解。今天是自己第一次搭建FTP（以前用过smb，windows共享，FTP，也自己搭建了SMB，但是FTP是
自己第一次搭建）
    经过了解，linux的smb在历史上被攻破过，ftp没有相关的传闻，但是不敢肯定没有“0day”
漏洞。
    在NFS，Samba，FTP等网络文件共享协议中，FTP是当前共享文件中运用最广泛的。
    常见的FTP产品有：vsftp；proftp；wu-ftp，pureftp。他们没有什么区别。选择自己习
惯使用的一款即可。
    本文选择vsftp来做一些ftp文件共享方面的使用习惯记录。仅供参考。
    在生产环境中使用，一定要注意对ftp用户进行最小权限的授权。ftp的配置也要进行限制。(- _ ^)

vsftp的安装

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

创建ftp的用户文件夹及文件存放文件夹

cd /home
sudo mkdir bankdata
cd bankdata
sudo mkdir bankexcel bankresult

添加用户账号，指定用户目录及登录bash

sudo useradd bankdata-d /home/bankdata/-s /bin/bash 

设置用户密码

sudo passwd bankdata

修改ftp配置文件

本配置主要是限制了用户只能在自己的家目录及子目录中，不允许串门到其它任何地方

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READTHIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any"address(::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that(perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP?(Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form ofFTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that(022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment thisif you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# newdirectories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTMFTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20(ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root"for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog inthiscase.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended forsecurity(the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually doASCII
# mangling on files when inASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers,ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack(DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file"inASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQfor
# the possible risks inthis before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOTchroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as"ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong casefor enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use forSSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES

服务的重启，启动，停止

sudo service vsftpd restart
sudo systemctl start vsftpd
sudo systemctl stop vsftpd

注意事项

    常见的错误：FTP连接时出现“227 Entering Passive Mode”
    客户端的主动与被动模式有一些区别，可能会因为一些防火墙策略导致传输数据失败。需要注意选择客户端的“主动”
或者“被动” 模式

常用命令

客户端连接服务端成功后，直接输入“help”， 如下：
ftp:/> help
ascii    set ascii transfer type
bin      set binary transfer type
binary   set binary transfer type
cd       change remote working directory
cdup     change remote working directory to parent directory
deletedelete remote file
dir      list contents of remote directory
exit     terminate ftp session and exit
get      receive file
help     print local help information
lcd      change local working directory
ldir     list contents of local directory
lls      list contents of local directory
lpwd     print working directory on local machine
ls       list contents of remote directory
mget     get multiple files
mkdir    make directory on the remote machine
mput     put multiple files
mv       rename file
passive  toggle pasive transfer mode
put      send one file
quit     terminate ftp session and exit
quote    send arbitrary ftp command
rename   rename file
rm       delete remote file
rmdir    remove directory on the remote machine
user     send newuser information
ftp:/>