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手摸手教你前端和后端是如何实现导出 Excel 的?

前言

大家好呀,我是雪荷。在上篇文章(EasyExcel 初使用—— Java 实现多种写入 Excel 功能-CSDN博客)中给大家介绍了 Java 是如何写入 Excel 的,那么这篇算是对上篇文章的拓展,主要介绍前端和后端分别是如何导出数据至 Excel 的。

前端导出 Excel

我就用之前比赛的项目给大家演示吧,其组件库为 Ant Design Vue,框架为 Vue3,使用的第三方库为 XLSX。整体的实现并不困难只需写两个函数即可,话不多说直接上代码。

安装命令

npm install XLSX

引入 XLSX

import * as XLSX from 'xlsx';

vue 的 template 部分

<template>
  <a-table
      id="table-data"
      style="margin-top: 30px;"
      :columns="columns"
      :dataSource="data"
      class="antv-table"
  >
  </a-table>
  <a-button type="primary" @click="exportTableData">导出表格数据</a-button>
  <a-button type="primary" @click="downloadExcel">Excel下载</a-button>
  <a-button type="primary" @click="exportData">导出数据</a-button>
​
</template>

ts 导出 Excel 代码

// 将 Table 组件的数据转为 Excel 数据
const transData = (columns: any, tableList: any) => {
  const obj = columns.reduce((acc, cur) => {
    if (!acc.titles && !acc.keys) {
      acc.titles = [];
      acc.keys = [];
    }
    acc.titles.push(cur.title);
    acc.keys.push(cur.dataIndex);
    return acc;
  }, {});
  const tableBody = tableList.map(item => {
    return obj.keys.map(key => item[key]);
  });
  return [obj.titles, ...tableBody];
};
​
// 将数据写入 Excel 文件
const exportTableData = () => {
  const tableData = transData(
      columns,
      data.value
  );
  // 将一组 JS 数据数组转换为工作表
  const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(tableData);
  // 创建 workbook
  const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
  // 将 工作表 添加到 workbook
  XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, 'Sheet1');
  // 将 workbook 写入文件
  XLSX.writeFile(wb, '销售数据.xlsx');
};

ts 请求后端接口代码

watchEffect(async () => {
  const res: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/list',);
  if (res?.code === 0) {
    data.value = res.data.map((item: SaleData, index: number) => ({
      key: index,
      id: item.id,
      name: item.name,
      price: item.price,
      totalNum: item.totalNum,
      userId: item.userId,
      datetime: item.datetime,
    }));
  } else {
    message.error('数据获取失败');
  }
});

后端代码

Controller 层:

 @PostMapping("/data/list")
    public BaseResponse<List<SaleData>> listSaleData() {
        List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L,"2025-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-03-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-02-01 13:00:00"));
        return ResultUtils.success(list);
    }

SaleData:

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class SaleData implements Serializable {
​
    @ExcelProperty("订单号")
    private Long id;
​
    @ExcelProperty("品种")
    private String name;
​
    @ExcelProperty("价格")
    private BigDecimal price;
​
    @ExcelProperty("数量")
    private Integer totalNum;
​
    @ExcelProperty("交易对象")
    private Long userId;
​
    @ExcelProperty("交易时间")
    private String datetime;
}

前端导出主要是通过 XLSX 这个库实现的,其根据 Ant Design 的 Table 组件的 columns 属性和后端返回的 List 构建成了一个 Excel 文件,最后利用 writeFile 方法导出 Excel 文件。

点击“导出表格数据”按钮,可以看到数据已导出至 Excel 中了。

image-20240729195452336

d0b3d3225e8f16c4acde85a471d64f6

优点:简单,便捷

缺点:

  1. 不灵活,不适合非固定表头和复杂的表头
  2. 前端导出不适合数据量大的场景,因为页面会卡死

后端导出 Excel

据我了解的后端实现导出 Excel 的功能主要有两种。一种是将 Excel 写入流中,前端拿到文件流再转为 blob 后进行下载,另一种是将 Excel 文件转为 base64 编码,前端将 base64 编码转为 blob 再下载。由此可见最终都是要转为 blob 的,拿到 blob 就好搞了。

后端将 Excel 写入流中

后端代码

Controller 层:

@PostMapping("/data/download")
    public void exportSaleDetails(HttpServletResponse response) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00"));
​
        // 设置响应头信息
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
​
        String fileName = "销售数据1.xlsx";
        response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName);
​
        // 写出Excel文件到响应
        try {
            EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), SaleData.class)
                    .sheet("合伙人业务订单")
                    .doWrite(list);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

ts 代码

const downloadExcel = () => {
  const response = myAxios.post('/sale/data/download', null, {
    responseType: 'blob',
  }).then((res) => { // 处理返回的文件流
    const content = res
    const blob = new Blob([content])
    console.log(content)
    const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx';
    if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载
      const elink = document.createElement('a')
      elink.download = fileName
      elink.style.display = 'none'
      elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
      document.body.appendChild(elink)
      elink.click()
      URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象
      document.body.removeChild(elink)
    } else { // IE10+下载
      navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName)
    }
  });
};

点击“Excel 下载”按钮导出数据。

219d096f29327fc8e8e9f4c17dabf0d

image-20240729200907785

优点:

  1. 传输效率高,网络负载小
  2. 内存占用,适合传输大文件

缺点:

  1. 会有跨域问题

后端返回 base 64 编码,前端再转为 blob

后端代码

 @PostMapping("/data/export")
    public BaseResponse<String> exportSaleData() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00"));
​
        // 生成 Excel 文件并转换为 Base64 编码
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        EasyExcel.write(outputStream, SaleData.class).sheet("Sheet1").doWrite(list);
        byte[] bytes = outputStream.toByteArray();
        String excelBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
​
        // 返回 Base64 编码的 Excel 内容给前端
        return ResultUtils.success(excelBase64);
    }

ts 代码

const exportData = async () => {
  const response: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/export');
  if (response?.code === 0) {
    const excelBase64 = response.data; // 接收后端返回的 Base64 编码字符串
    console.log(excelBase64)
    const blob = b64toBlob(excelBase64, 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet');
    const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx';
    if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载
      const elink = document.createElement('a')
      elink.download = fileName
      elink.style.display = 'none'
      elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
      document.body.appendChild(elink)
      elink.click()
      URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象
      document.body.removeChild(elink)
    } else { // IE10+下载
      navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName)
    }
  }
}
​
// 将 Base64 字符串转换为 Blob 对象
function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType = '', sliceSize = 512) {
  const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
  const byteArrays = [];
  for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
    const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);
    const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
      byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
    byteArrays.push(byteArray);
  }
  return new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
}

主要分为三个阶段,首先后端将文件写入流中再将流转为 base64 编码返回给前端,第二步前端拿到 base64 编码将其转为 blob,最后根据 blob 进行下载。

点击“导出数据”按钮导出数据。

image-20240729201558898

e3d3341edc8985fd103c87c9dd764cf

优点:

  1. 传输数据是 base64 字符串便于调试
  2. 跨域问题少

缺点:

  1. 内存占用大,适合传输小文件
  2. 传输效率低

全部代码

前端

<!-- eslint-disable vue/multi-word-component-names -->
<template>
  <a-table
      id="table-data"
      style="margin-top: 30px;"
      :columns="columns"
      :dataSource="data"
      class="antv-table"
  >
  </a-table>
​
  <a-button type="primary" @click="exportTableData">导出表格数据</a-button>
  <a-button type="primary" @click="downloadExcel">Excel下载</a-button>
  <a-button type="primary" @click="exportData">导出数据</a-button>
​
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import {ref, watchEffect} from "vue";
import myAxios from "@/plugins/myAxios";
import {message, TableColumnsType} from "ant-design-vue";
import * as XLSX from 'xlsx';
​
const columns: TableColumnsType = [
  {title: '订单号', width: 100, dataIndex: 'id', key: 'id', fixed: 'left'},
  {title: '品种', dataIndex: 'name', key: 'name', width: 150},
  {title: '价格', dataIndex: 'price', key: 'price', width: 150},
  {title: '数量', dataIndex: 'totalNum', key: 'totalNum', width: 150},
  {title: '交易对象', dataIndex: 'userId', key: 'userId', width: 150},
  {title: '交易时间', dataIndex: 'datetime', key: 'datetime', width: 150},
];
​
interface SaleData {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  totalNum: number;
  userId: number;
  datetime: string;
}
​
interface DataItem {
  key: number;
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  totalNum: number;
  userId: number;
  datetime: string;
}
​
const data = ref<DataItem[]>([]);
​
watchEffect(async () => {
  const res: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/list',);
  if (res?.code === 0) {
    data.value = res.data.map((item: SaleData, index: number) => ({
      key: index,
      id: item.id,
      name: item.name,
      price: item.price,
      totalNum: item.totalNum,
      userId: item.userId,
      datetime: item.datetime,
    }));
  } else {
    message.error('数据获取失败');
  }
});
​
const transData = (columns: any, tableList: any) => {
  const obj = columns.reduce((acc, cur) => {
    if (!acc.titles && !acc.keys) {
      acc.titles = [];
      acc.keys = [];
    }
    acc.titles.push(cur.title);
    acc.keys.push(cur.dataIndex);
    return acc;
  }, {});
  const tableBody = tableList.map(item => {
    return obj.keys.map(key => item[key]);
  });
  return [obj.titles, ...tableBody];
};
​
const exportTableData = () => {
  const tableData = transData(
      columns,
      data.value
  );
  // 将一组 JS 数据数组转换为工作表
  const ws = XLSX.utils.aoa_to_sheet(tableData);
  // 创建 workbook
  const wb = XLSX.utils.book_new();
  // 将 工作表 添加到 workbook
  XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(wb, ws, 'Sheet1');
  // 将 workbook 写入文件
  XLSX.writeFile(wb, '销售数据.xlsx');
};
​
​
const downloadExcel = () => {
  const response = myAxios.post('/sale/data/download', null, {
    responseType: 'blob',
  }).then((res) => { // 处理返回的文件流
    const content = res
    const blob = new Blob([content])
    console.log(content)
    const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx';
    if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载
      const elink = document.createElement('a')
      elink.download = fileName
      elink.style.display = 'none'
      elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
      document.body.appendChild(elink)
      elink.click()
      URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象
      document.body.removeChild(elink)
    } else { // IE10+下载
      navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName)
    }
  });
};
​
const exportData = async () => {
  const response: any = await myAxios.post('/sale/data/export');
  if (response?.code === 0) {
    const excelBase64 = response.data; // 接收后端返回的 Base64 编码字符串
    console.log(excelBase64)
    const blob = b64toBlob(excelBase64, 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet');
    const fileName = '销售数据.xlsx';
    if ('download' in document.createElement('a')) { // 非IE下载
      const elink = document.createElement('a')
      elink.download = fileName
      elink.style.display = 'none'
      elink.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
      document.body.appendChild(elink)
      elink.click()
      URL.revokeObjectURL(elink.href) // 释放URL 对象
      document.body.removeChild(elink)
    } else { // IE10+下载
      navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName)
    }
  }
}
​
// 将 Base64 字符串转换为 Blob 对象
function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType = '', sliceSize = 512) {
  const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
  const byteArrays = [];
  for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
    const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);
    const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
      byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
    byteArrays.push(byteArray);
  }
  return new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
}
​
​
</script>
<style scoped>
​
</style>

后端

Controller 层:

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/sale")
public class SaleController {    
    @PostMapping("/data/download")
    public void exportSaleDetails(HttpServletResponse response) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00"));
​
        // 设置响应头信息
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
​
        String fileName = "销售数据1.xlsx";
        response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName);
​
        // 写出Excel文件到响应
        try {
            EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), SaleData.class)
                    .sheet("合伙人业务订单")
                    .doWrite(list);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
​
    @PostMapping("/data/export")
    public BaseResponse<String> exportSaleData() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L, "2025-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-03-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L, "2024-02-01 13:00:00"));
​
        // 生成 Excel 文件并转换为 Base64 编码
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        EasyExcel.write(outputStream, SaleData.class).sheet("Sheet1").doWrite(list);
        byte[] bytes = outputStream.toByteArray();
        String excelBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
​
        // 返回 Base64 编码的 Excel 内容给前端
        return ResultUtils.success(excelBase64);
    }
    
    @PostMapping("/data/list")
    public BaseResponse<List<SaleData>> listSaleData() {
        List<SaleData> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new SaleData(1L, "苹果", new BigDecimal("10.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(2L, "梨子", new BigDecimal("12.00"), 10, 1L,"2025-01-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(3L, "西瓜", new BigDecimal("5.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-03-01 13:00:00"));
        list.add(new SaleData(4L, "香蕉", new BigDecimal("7.00"), 10, 1L,"2024-02-01 13:00:00"));
        return ResultUtils.success(list);
    }
}

SaleData:

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class SaleData implements Serializable {
​
    @ExcelProperty("订单号")
    private Long id;
​
    @ExcelProperty("品种")
    private String name;
​
    @ExcelProperty("价格")
    private BigDecimal price;
​
    @ExcelProperty("数量")
    private Integer totalNum;
​
    @ExcelProperty("交易对象")
    private Long userId;
​
    @ExcelProperty("交易时间")
    private String datetime;
}

总结

相信大家看完也能学会导出 Excel,可以根据具体的开发需求选择不同的方案,如果有更好的方案欢迎探讨哈。

标签: 前端 excel java

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/xyendjsj/article/details/140780599
版权归原作者 Java雪荷 所有, 如有侵权,请联系我们删除。

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