软件测试——126邮箱网页注册和登陆功能测试

这是我去年刚刚接触软件测试时写的，时间有点久远，今天想整理一下，可能有些代码设计细节有所遗忘，文章大部分由去年课程汇报的ppt改编而来，见谅！

主要功能：对于126网页邮箱的登陆注册功能进行测试。

项目主要结构介绍：

为了尽量减少代码冗余，本项目代码主要分为三层分别是 base层（基类 页面层重复的代码 公共的方法）page层（页面层 不同页面的具体操作）scripts层（业务层 对页面进行测试）

其余包中为美化项目功能或者非必需内容

项目功能，思路：

由基类提供各种网页自动化方法，再有page层将方法组装成一个新的函数，完成对网页的自动化操作。

调用自身的函数来组成完整的自动化操作

** 为了方便我把所有的xpath元素写到了一个文件中，方便阅读，添加和调用**

项目注意点：

问题1：

注册部分当我们填写手机号时，失去焦点才会出现验证码框

解决方式1：

我第一个想法是既然是失去焦点，那么后续本来就要点击 同意服务条款 ，所以我先进行一次点击单选框的点击事件，输入验证码后再次点击单选框（由于第一次点击是失去焦点并增加验证框，所以并不会勾选，所以需要再次勾选） 事实上这样处理是在这个测试用例中可以的，但是当测试用例变为 手机号码不全或者手机号码格式有问题的时候，这一次的点击单选框事件会触发（应该是由于手机号错误而没有弹出验证框，导致这个事件顺利触发了）那么后续我再次点击时，会导致单选框不被勾选而出错。 那么我提供了两种解决方法，一种是直接失焦，一种点击事件，点击空白处，具体代码在下一页。

问题2：** **

登陆框是被网页内置的一个框架，我们如果直接使用xpath等查询元素的手段，很难定位

解决方式2：

我们要先进入这个iframe，再定位元素。 1.如果自带id或者name driver.switch_to.frame(‘id或者name的值’) 2.没有id或者name，利用xpath，css等 iframe=driver.find_element_by_xpath("...") driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) 3.通过索引，但是一定要记得加s，找错很难看到，错过！！！ iframe1=driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("iframe")[0] driver.switch_to.frame(iframe1)

** 问题3：**

元素定位的时候你会发现他的id，class中有很多数字是动态的，应该是时间戳之类的

解决方案3：

**这个其实不难解决，但是需要大家看一下xpath的基本用法或者css。这个其实归根结底是对于元素的定位，我这个项目中其实除了登陆的几个元素（有直接的name，不需要处理）其余的全部都是由xpath定位的，我总结一下这个126邮箱需要会的xpath基础知识（浏览器直接复制的xpath大部分不行，要自己手写）。 **

**1. // 从任意元素开始 **

**2. / 下一层元素 **

**3. /div[2] 这种表示在下一层中第2个div ，类推 **

**4. @属性 某个标签的属性 **

**5. 标签[contains(@属性，”.....”)] “.....”中表示这个属性的值中包含的内容 **

6. 标签[contains(text()，”.....”)] “.....”中表示这个标签的值，内容

源码：

base层（为page层服务）：

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

class Base:
    # 初始化

    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get("https://www.126.com/")
        # self.driver.get("https://mail.163.com/register/index.htm?from=126mail&utm_source=126mail")

    # 进入内置页面
    # def base_find_frame(self):
    #     iframe1 = self.driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("iframe")[0]
    #     self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
    #
    # def base_return_page(self):
    #     self.driver.switch_to.default_content()

    # 查找元素方法
    # 底层方法  return self.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value=css_selector)

    def base_find_element(self,loc,timeout=30,poll_frequency=105):
        return WebDriverWait(self.driver,timeout=timeout,poll_frequency=poll_frequency).until(lambda x:x.find_element(*loc))

    # 点击方法
    # 不用解包!!!!! 泪目 找了好久的错

    def base_click(self,loc):
        self.base_find_element(loc).click()

    # 输入方法

    def base_input(self,loc,value):
        el=self.base_find_element(loc)
        #清空
        el.clear()
        #输入
        el.send_keys(value)

    # 获取文本方法

    def base_get_text(self,loc):
        return self.base_find_element(loc).text

    # 截图方法

    def base_get_png(self):
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file("../img/fail in {}.png".format(time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d %H_%M_%S")))

page层（写每个页面具体的操作方法，调用base层）

**init.py **

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# 进入登录框
login_frame = By.XPATH, '//iframe[contains(@id,"x-URS-iframe")]'
# 登录框email
login_email = By.NAME, "email"
# 登录框密码
login_password = By.NAME, "password"
# 登录按钮
login_button = By.ID, "dologin"
# 登陆报错
login_err_sign = By.XPATH, '//div[@id="nerror"]/div[2]'
# 写信按钮
write_letter = By.XPATH, '//div[@id="dvNavTop"]/ul/li[2]/span[2]'
# 邮箱地址无效,返回编辑
email_err_return = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="js-component-button nui-btn "]/span[contains(text(),"返回编辑")]'
# 输入收件人邮箱
email_path = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="js-component-emailinput nui-addr nui-editableAddr nui-editableAddr-edit"]/input[@class="nui-editableAddr-ipt"]'
# 去除收件人
del_email = By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@id,"_mail_emailblock")]/a[1]'
# 输入主题
email_title = By.XPATH, '//input[contains(@id,"subjectInput")]'
# 正文框架
email_frame = By.XPATH, '//iframe[@class="APP-editor-iframe"]'
# 输入正文
email_text = By.XPATH, '//body[@class="nui-scroll"]'
# 发送
email_p_button = By.XPATH, '//footer[contains(@class,"jp")]/div[@role="button"]/span[contains(text(),"发送")]'
# 发送成功
email_p_success = By.XPATH, '//h1[contains(@id,"succInfo")]'
# 邮箱格式不对
email_err_geshi = By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@id,"_mail_emailblock")]/@title'
# 无主题时确认
email_notitle_yes = By.XPATH, '//div[contains(@id,"_mail_button")]/span[contains(text(),"确 定")]'
# 注册输入邮箱
register_email = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="item"]/input[@class="username"]'
# 注册输入密码
register_password = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="item"]/input[@class="password"]'
# 注册输入手机
register_tel = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="item"]/input[@class="phone"]'
# 注册单选框
register_alert = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="custom-checkbox service"]/span'
# 注册按钮
register_button = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="register-option"]/a'
# 前往注册
go_register_button = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="loginWrap"]//a[1]'
# 邮箱地址不能为空
register_email_errtext = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="item error"]/div[2]'
# 邮箱密码
register_password_errtext = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="m-register-box-free"]/div[2]/div[@class="tip f-dn"]'
# 手机错误
register_tel_errtext = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="m-register-box-free"]/div[3]/div[@class="tip f-dn"]'
# 验证码错误
register_code_errtext = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="m-register-box-free"]/div[4]/div[@class="tip f-dn"]'
# 不勾选单选
register_gouxuan_errtext = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="custom-checkbox service error"]/div'
# 手机号码错误
register_telephone_errtext = By.XPATH, '//div[@class="m-register-box-free"]/div[3]/div[2]'
# 空白
white_=By.XPATH,'//div[@class="register-container"]'

** page_email.py**

import unittest
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import page
from base.base import Base
from page.page_login import PageLogin

class PageEmail(Base):

    # 点击写信

    def email_click_write_letter(self,write_letter):
        self.base_click(page.write_letter)

    # 填写收件人

    def email_write_emailpath(self,email_path):
        self.base_input(page.email_path,email_path)

    # 填写主题

    def email_write_title(self,email_title):
        self.base_input(page.email_title,email_title)

    # 填写正文

    def email_write_text(self,email_text):
        self.base_input(page.email_text,email_text)

    # 点击发送

    def email_click_button(self,email_p_button):
        self.base_click(page.email_p_button)

    # 处理收件人异常信息
    # 处理主题为空

    def page_email_write_email(self,email_path,email_title,email_text):
        self.pagelogin=PageLogin()
        self.pagelogin.page_login("pengyufeng126","abc123,,")
        time.sleep(1)
        self.base_click(page.write_letter)
        self.email_write_emailpath(email_path)
        self.email_write_title(email_title)
        iframe1 = self.base_find_element(page.email_frame)
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
        self.email_write_text(email_text)
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
        self.email_click_button()
        time.sleep(2)

**page_login.py **

import time
import page
from base.base import Base

class PageLogin(Base):

    # 进入内置页面

    # def page_in_frame(self,login_frame):
    #     self.base_find_element(page.login_frame,login_frame)

    # 输入账号

    def page_input_email(self, login_email):
        # self.base_find_frame(0)
        self.base_input(page.login_email, login_email)

    # 输入密码

    def page_input_password(self, login_password):
        self.base_input(page.login_password, login_password)

    # 点击登录

    def page_click_login(self, login_button):
        self.base_click(page.login_button)

    # 获取异常信息
    def page_err_text(self):
        return self.base_get_text(page.login_err_sign)

    # 账号密码错误截图

    def page_login_err(self):
        return self.base_get_png()

    '''
    
    
    登陆功能
    
    
    
    '''

    def page_login(self, login_email, login_password):
        time.sleep(1)
        iframe1 = self.base_find_element(page.login_frame)
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
        self.page_input_email(login_email)
        self.page_input_password(login_password)
        self.base_click(page.login_button)
        time.sleep(2)
        # self.page_click_login()

    # 点击写信

    def email_click_write_letter(self,write_letter):
        self.base_click(page.write_letter)

    # 填写收件人

    def email_write_emailpath(self,email_path):
        self.base_input(page.email_path,email_path)

    # 填写主题

    def email_write_title(self,email_title):
        self.base_input(page.email_title,email_title)

    # 填写正文

    def email_write_text(self,email_text):
        self.base_input(page.email_text,email_text)

    # 无主题时确认
    def email_title_none(self):
        self.base_click(page.email_notitle_yes)

    # 点击发送

    def email_click_button(self,email_p_button):
        self.base_click(page.email_p_button)

    # 错误截图
    def email_err_write(self):
        return self.base_get_png()

    # 获取邮箱格式错误
    def email_err_geshi(self):
        return self.base_find_element(page.email_err_geshi).text()

    '''
    
    
    
    写邮件功能
    
    
    
    '''

    def page_email_write_email(self, email_path, email_title, email_text):
        self.page_login("pengyufeng126", "abc123,,")
        time.sleep(1)
        self.base_click(page.write_letter)
        time.sleep(1)
        self.email_write_emailpath(email_path)
        self.email_write_title(email_title)
        iframe1 = self.base_find_element(page.email_frame)
        self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
        time.sleep(1)
        self.email_write_text(email_text)
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
        time.sleep(1)
        self.base_click(page.email_p_button)
        time.sleep(1)
        if '确定真的不需要写主题吗？' in self.driver.page_source:
            self.base_click(page.email_notitle_yes)
            self.base_click(page.email_p_button)
        time.sleep(1)

**page_register.py **

import time
import page
from base.base import Base

class PageRegister(Base):

    # 点击注册
    def page_go_register(self,go_register_button):
        self.base_click(page.go_register_button)

    # 输入邮箱地址
    def page_register_email(self,register_email):
        self.base_input(page.register_email,register_email)

    # 输入密码
    def page_register_password(self,register_password):
        self.base_input(page.register_password, register_password)

    # 输入手机号
    def page_register_tel(self,register_tel):
        self.base_input(page.register_tel, register_tel)

    # 勾选服务条款
    def page_register_select(self,register_alert):
        self.base_click(page.register_alert)

    # 点击注册
    def page_register_button(self,register_button):
        self.base_click(page.register_button)

    # 返回错误提示
    def page_register_err1_text(self):
        return self.base_get_text(page.register_email_errtext)

    def page_register_err2_text(self):
        return self.base_get_text(page.register_password_errtext)

    def page_register_err3_text(self):
        return self.base_get_text(page.register_code_errtext)

    def page_register_err4_text(self):
        return self.base_get_text(page.register_telephone_errtext)

    # 错误截图
    def page_register_get_err(self):
        return self.base_get_png()

    '''
    
    
    
    注册功能
    
    
    
    '''
    def page_register(self,register_email,register_password,register_tel):
        # time.sleep(1)
        # iframe1 = self.base_find_element(page.login_frame)
        # self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe1)
        # self.base_click(page.go_register_button)
        self.page_register_email(register_email)
        self.page_register_password(register_password)
        self.page_register_tel(register_tel)
        # self.base_click(page.register_alert)
        self.base_click(page.white_)
        time.sleep(1)
        self.base_click(page.register_alert)
        self.base_click(page.register_button)
        time.sleep(1)

业务层（测试）：

test_email_write.py

import unittest
from parameterized import parameterized
from page.page_login import PageLogin

def get_data():
    return [
            ("[email protected]","测试","测试邮件","邮件发送成功"),
            ("","测试","测试邮件","请填写收件人地址后再发送"),
            ("xxxxxx","测试","测试邮件","该地址格式有误，请双击修改"),
            ("[email protected]","测试","","")
            # ("[email protected]","","测试邮件","邮件发送成功"),
            # ("[email protected]","","","邮件发送成功")
    ]
#xxxxxx为你的邮箱账号

class TestWriteEmail(unittest.TestCase):

    # setUp
    def setUp(self):
        # 实例化对象
        self.writeemail=PageLogin()

    # tearDown
    def tearDown(self):
        self.writeemail.driver.quit()

    # 登陆测试方法
    @parameterized.expand(get_data())
    def test_login_write01(self,email_path,email_title,email_text,right_result):
        self.writeemail.page_email_write_email(email_path,email_title,email_text)
        try:
            self.assertIn(right_result, self.writeemail.driver.page_source)
        except AssertionError:
            self.writeemail.email_err_write()

** test_login.py**

import unittest
from page.page_login import PageLogin
from parameterized import parameterized

def get_data():
    return [("xxxxxx","","请输入密码"),
            ("","abc123,,","请输入账号"),
            ("xxxxxxx", "abc123,,", "账号或密码错误"),
            ("xxxxxx","abc123,,",""),
            ("@@aa","abc123,,","帐号格式错误")]

class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):

    # setUp
    def setUp(self):
        # 实例化对象
        self.login=PageLogin()
        # self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        # self.driver.maximize_window()
        # self.driver.get("https://www.126.com/")

    # tearDown
    def tearDown(self):
        self.login.page_login_err()
        self.login.driver.quit()

    # 登陆测试方法
    @parameterized.expand(get_data())
    def test_login01(self,email,password,right_result):
        self.login.page_login(email,password)
        # msg=self.login.page_err_text()
        # # print(msg)
        # try:
        #     self.assertEqual(msg,right_result)
        # except AssertionError:
        #     self.login.page_login_err()
        try:
            # assert right_result in self.login.driver.page_source
            self.assertIn(right_result,self.login.driver.page_source,"111")
        except AssertionError:
            self.login.page_login_err()

**text_register.py **

import unittest
from parameterized import parameterized
from page.page_register import PageRegister

def get_data1():
    return [("", "abc123,,", "19xxxxxxxx", "邮箱地址不能为空"),
            ("12344", "abc123,,", "191xxxxx", "长度应为6～18个字符"),
            ("12344@", "abc123,,", "191xxxxxx", "只能输入字母、数字、下划线"),
            ("12345678@", "abc123,,", "191216xxxxx", "只能输入字母、数字、下划线")]

def get_data2():
    return [("xxxxxxxx", "", "1912xxxxxxx", "密码不能为空"),
            ("xxxxxxx", "1", "1912xxxxxxx", "密码长度应为8-16个字符"),
            ("xxxxxxxxxx", "a1234567", "191xxxxxx", '密码需包含“大小写字母、数字、标点符号”中3种以上的组合')]

def get_data3():
    return [("xxxx1xxxx", "abc123,,", "1xxxxxxx", "验证码不能为空")]

def get_data4():
    return [("xxxxxxx", "abc123,,", "19xxxxx", "请填写正确的中国大陆地区手机号，其他地区手机号请点击此处")]

def get_data5():
    return [("xxxxxxx", "abc123,,", "19xxxxx","注册成功")]

#上方数据需要自己改动

class TestRegister(unittest.TestCase):

    # setUp
    def setUp(self):
        # 实例化对象
        self.register = PageRegister()

    # tearDown
    def tearDown(self):
        self.register.driver.quit()

    # 注册测试方法 没有账号
    @parameterized.expand(get_data1())
    def test_register01(self, email, password, tel, right_result):
        self.register.page_register(email, password, tel)
        result = self.register.page_register_err1_text()
        self.assertEqual(right_result, result)
        self.register.page_register_get_err()

    # 注册测试方法,没有密码
    @parameterized.expand(get_data2())
    def test_register02(self, email, password, tel, right_result):
        self.register.page_register(email, password, tel)
        result = self.register.page_register_err2_text()
        self.assertEqual(right_result, result)
        self.register.page_register_get_err()

    # 注册测试方法 没有验证码
    @parameterized.expand(get_data3())
    def test_register03(self, email, password, tel, right_result):
        self.register.page_register(email, password, tel)
        result = self.register.page_register_err3_text()
        self.assertEqual(right_result, result)
        self.register.page_register_get_err()

    # 注册测试方法 手机号不完整
    @parameterized.expand(get_data4())
    def test_register04(self, email, password, tel, right_result):
        self.register.page_register(email, password, tel)
        result = self.register.page_register_err4_text()
        self.assertEqual(right_result, result)
        # self.assertIn(right_result, self.register.driver.page_source)
        self.register.page_register_get_err()

    # @parameterized.expand(get_data5())
    # def test_register03(self, email, password, tel, right_result):
    #     self.register.page_register(email, password, tel)
    #     self.assertIn(right_result, self.register.driver.page_source, "111")

测试报告：

run_htmlrunner.py

import time
import unittest
from lib.HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner

suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("../scripts", pattern="text_register.py")
# suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("../scripts", pattern="text_email_write.py")

report_dir = "report in {}.html".format(time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d %H_%M_%S"))

with open(report_dir, "wb") as f:
    HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, verbosity=2, title="自动化测试报告", description="操作系统 win11").run(suite)

本项目测试报告利用HTMLTestRunner形成测试报告

**‘’‘ 定义测试套件 原方法需要实例化unittestTextRunner() 这里在下面实例化HTMLTextRunner() pattern后写test文件’‘’ **

suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("../scripts", pattern="text_register.py")

**‘’‘ 定义生成文件位置 若使用unittest 自带报告TextTestRunner需要自己建文件夹！！！用时间函数命名 ’‘’ **

report_dir = "report in {}.html".format(time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d %H_%M_%S"))** ‘’‘HTMLTestRunner是经过原生TextTestRunner代码中加入HTML格式的插件 打开文件并写入数据 在html中必须使用wb！！！必填参数只有stream！！！’‘’ **

with open(report_dir, "wb") as f: HTMLTestRunner(stream=f, verbosity=2, title="自动化测试报告", description="操作系统 win11").run(suite)