Kubernetes集群安装和配置02
一、初始化master
(1)生成默认配置文件。
kubeadm config print init-defaults > init.default.yaml
(2)修改配置文件。
[
# 修改地址 节点IP地址
localAPIEndpoint.advertiseAddress: 192.168.11.190
# 修改套接字
nodeRegistration.criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
# 修改节点名称
nodeRegistration.name: k8s-master1
# 修改镜像仓库地址为国内开源镜像库
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
# 修改版本号
kubernetesVersion: 1.24.1
# 增加podSubnet,由于后续会安装flannel 网络插件,该插件必须在集群初始化时指定pod地址# 10.244.0.0/16 为flannel组件podSubnet默认值,集群配置与网络组件中的配置需保持一致
networking.podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
1.1、拉取相关镜像。
sudo kubeadm config images pull --config=init.default.yaml
如果出现failed to pull image “registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.24.1”: output: E0317 08:32:39.321814问题,完整错误如下:
fly@fly:~$ sudo kubeadm config images pull --config=init.default.yaml
failed to pull image "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.24.1": output: E0317 08:32:39.321814 14391 remote_image.go:171]"PullImage from image service failed"err="rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = \"transport: Error while dialing dial unix /var/run/cri-dockerd.sock: connect: connection refused\""image="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.24.1"time="2023-03-17T08:32:39Z"level=fatal msg="pulling image: rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = \"transport: Error while dialing dial unix /var/run/cri-dockerd.sock: connect: connection refused\""
, error: exit status 1
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
提示拉取镜像失败,使用 kubeadm config images list --config kubeadm.yml 命令查询需要下载的镜像。
fly@fly:~$ kubeadm config images list --config init.default.yaml
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.24.1
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.24.1
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.24.1
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.24.1
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.3-0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.6
原因是:docker版本和cri-dockerd版本间不兼容,更新其中一个比较低的版本。我使用的是docker v20.10.21、cri-dockerd是0.3.1。
1.2、初始化集群
通过配置文件初始化,建议选择配置文件初始化。
# 通过配置文件初始化,建议选择配置文件初始化sudo kubeadm init --config=init.default.yaml
# 通过参数初始化
kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version=v1.24.1 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.11.109 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
初始化成功之后,返回以下内容,按提示执行即可:
当前用户为普通用户,请执行以下指令:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudocp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudochown$(id -u):$(id -g)$HOME/.kube/config
当前用户为root用户,请配置环境变量:
# /etc/profile 末尾添加环境变量exportKUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
# 执行命令,立即生效source /etc/profile
注意:以上两种情况二选一。
添加节点到集群命令,注意:需要指定 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock。比如:
kubeadm join192.168.11.190:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:625234ded039aa1ae29608e46bbd0381499b6e95c296d99a3f7e64f5e4053851 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
kubeadm join192.168.11.190:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ce8db5a985c3c9739f3f0d187c5675d9c5f05a2994dbbde33324f2b93c66048e --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
如果过期了,在master节点上执行以下命令可重新获得:
sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command
查看集群状态:
# 查看所有podsudo kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
# 查看节点sudo kubectl get node# 查看所有组件sudo kubectl get cs
1.3、添加pod网络组件
相关文档:
- 网络组件文档
- flannel组件
1.3.1、方法一:
(1)下载flannel网络组件定义文件到本地(复制文件内容粘贴到本地文件也可以)。
https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel
labels:
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
- apiGroups:
- "networking.k8s.io"
resources:
- clustercidrs
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |{"name":"cbr0",
"cniVersion":"0.3.1",
"plugins":[{"type":"flannel",
"delegate":{"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway":true}},
{"type":"portmap",
"capabilities":{"portMappings":true}}]}
net-conf.json: |{"Network":"10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend":{"Type":"vxlan"}}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds
namespace: kube-flannel
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
hostNetwork: true
priorityClassName: system-node-critical
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni-plugin
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
#image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.2
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /flannel
- /opt/cni/bin/flannel
volumeMounts:
- name: cni-plugin
mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
- name: install-cni
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.21.3
#image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.21.3
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.21.3
#image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.21.3
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
value: "5000"
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
- name: xtables-lock
mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni-plugin
hostPath:
path: /opt/cni/bin
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
- name: xtables-lock
hostPath:
path: /run/xtables.lock
type: FileOrCreate
(2)应用资源。
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
创建了执行角色、运行账户、配置文件、守护进程:
fly@k8s-master1:~$ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
namespace/kube-flannel created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created
1.3.2、方法二
应用网络组件,安装网络插件:
# 安装网络插件
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
可能出现异常情况,域名无法解析。
异常情况解决:
(1)通过第三方IP查询网站,查询 raw.githubusercontent.com 域名所对应的IP地址
(2) 修改/etc/hosts 添加以下内容:
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
(3)再次执行网络插件安装。
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
1.4、开启kube-proxy的ipvs模式
# 修改mod
kubectl edit -n kube-system cm kube-proxy
# 修改:mode: "ipvs"# 重启kube-proxy 守护进程
kubectl rollout restart -n kube-system daemonset kube-proxy
查看集群状态:
kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
# 或
kubectl get pod -A
到此,完成master节点的初始化。
若有pod状态不正常,可通过查看日志获取错误信息。
kubectl -n kube-system logs <pod>
二、Node节点初始化
2.1、环境安装
- 安装docker。
- 安装cri-dockerd 运行时,并启动服务。
- kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl等工具安装。
2.2、节点环境修改
- 修改docker的Cgroup Driver。
- 关闭防火墙。
- 禁用selinux。
- 禁用swap。
- 调整主机名(若需要)。
2.3、将节点添加到集群
在master节点上执行以下命令可获得:
sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command
通过以上命令获得加入到集群的命令后,在命令上附加参数 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock。
三、重置节点
(1)重置命令:
sudo kubeadm reset
# 或sudo kubeadm reset --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
(2)删除相关文件。
sudorm -rf /var/lib/kubelet /var/lib/dockershim /var/run/kubernetes /var/lib/cni
/etc/cni/net.d $HOME/.kube/config
(3)ipvsadm --clear:
sudo ipvsadm --clear
(4)删除网络:
sudoifconfig cni0 down
sudoiplink delete cni0
总结
Kubernetes集群配置有点多,但如果发现问题,基本上就出在配置、版本和机器资源上。比如我在做kubernetes初始化时,配置文件的等号(=)写出了恒等于(==),在初始化阶段一直找不到node;细节非常多。
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