📘 util
util
const util =require('util');
util.isArray([])
util.isRegExp(/some regexp/)
util.isDate(newDate())// true
util.isDate(Date())// false (without 'new' returns a String)
os
var os =require("os");// CPU 的字节序
console.log('endianness : '+ os.endianness());// 操作系统名
console.log('type : '+ os.type());// 操作系统名
console.log('platform : '+ os.platform());// 系统内存总量
console.log('total memory : '+ os.totalmem()+" bytes.");// 操作系统空闲内存量
console.log('free memory : '+ os.freemem()+" bytes.");
path
// 格式化路径
console.log('normalization : '+ path.normalize('/test/test1//2slashes/1slash/tab/..'));// 连接路径
console.log('joint path : '+ path.join('/test','test1','2slashes/1slash','tab','..'));// 转换为绝对路径
console.log('resolve : '+ path.resolve('main.js'));// 路径中文件的后缀名
console.log('ext name : '+ path.extname('main.js'));
net
//clientvar net =require('net');var client = net.connect({port:6001},function(){
console.log('连接到服务器!');});
client.on('data',function(data){
console.log(data.toString());
client.end();});
client.on('end',function(){
console.log('断开与服务器的连接');});
//servervar net =require('net');var server = net.createServer(function(connection){
console.log('client connected');
connection.on('end',function(){
console.log('客户端关闭连接');});
connection.write('Hello World!\r\n');
connection.pipe(connection);});
server.listen(8080,function(){
console.log('server is listening');});
dns
var dns =require('dns');
dns.lookup('www.qq.com',functiononLookup(err, address, family){
console.log('ip 地址:', address);
dns.reverse(address,function(err, hostnames){
console.log('反向解析 '+ address +': '+JSON.stringify(hostnames));});});
📕file
//readvar fs =require('fs');
fs.stat('E:/vue/nodejs/hello.js',function(err, stats){
console.log(stats.isFile());//true})var fs =require("fs");// 异步读取
fs.readFile('input.txt',function(err, data){if(err){return console.error(err);}
console.log("异步读取: "+ data.toString());});// 同步读取var data = fs.readFileSync('input.txt');
console.log("同步读取: "+ data.toString());
console.log("程序执行完毕。");
//writevar fs =require("fs");
fs.writeFile('x.txt','fs.writeFile 写入文件的内容',function(err){if(err){return console.error(err);}
console.log("写入成功!");
fs.readFile('x.txt',function(err, data){if(err){return console.error(err);}
console.log("异步读取文件数据: "+ data.toString());});});
📗Get/Post
var http =require('http');var url =require('url');var util =require('util');
http.createServer(function(req, res){
res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/plain; charset=utf-8'});
res.end(util.inspect(url.parse(req.url,true)));}).listen(3000);
http://localhost:3000/?name=mqm&url=www
Url {
protocol: null,
slashes: null,
auth: null,
host: null,
port: null,
hostname: null,
hash: null,
search: ‘?name=mqm&url=www’,
query: [Object: null prototype] { name: ‘mqm’, url: ‘www’ },
pathname: ‘/’,
path: ‘/?name=mqm&url=www’,
href: ‘/?name=mqm&url=www’
}
//post var http =require('http');var querystring =require('querystring');var postHTML ='<html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>POST</title></head>'+'<body>'+'<form method="post">'+'NAME: <input name="name"><br>'+'URL: <input name="url"><br>'+'<input type="submit">'+'</form>'+'</body></html>';
http.createServer(function(req, res){var body ="";
req.on('data',function(chunk){
body += chunk;});
req.on('end',function(){// 解析参数
body = querystring.parse(body);// 设置响应头部信息及编码
res.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html; charset=utf8'});if(body.name && body.url){// 输出提交的数据
res.write("NAME:"+ body.name);
res.write("<br>");
res.write("URL:"+ body.url);}else{// 输出表单
res.write(postHTML);}
res.end();});}).listen(3000);
📙Web
server
var http =require('http');var fs =require('fs');var url =require('url');// 创建服务器
http.createServer(function(request, response){// 解析请求,包括文件名var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;// 输出请求的文件名
console.log("Request for "+ pathname +" received.");// 从文件系统中读取请求的文件内容
fs.readFile(pathname.substr(1),function(err, data){if(err){
console.log(err);// HTTP 状态码: 404 : NOT FOUND// Content Type: text/html
response.writeHead(404,{'Content-Type':'text/html'});}else{// HTTP 状态码: 200 : OK// Content Type: text/html
response.writeHead(200,{'Content-Type':'text/html'});// 响应文件内容
response.write(data.toString());}// 发送响应数据
response.end();});}).listen(188);
client
var http =require('http');// 用于请求的选项var options ={host:'localhost',port:'3276',path:'/api/fileApi/GetByfid?fid=1'};// 处理响应的回调函数varcallback=function(response){// 不断更新数据var body ='';
response.on('data',function(data){
body += data;});
response.on('end',function(){// 数据接收完成
console.log(body);});}// 向服务端发送请求var req = http.request(options, callback);
req.end();
📓express
router
var express =require('express');var app =express();// 主页输出 "Hello World"
app.get('/',function(req, res){
console.log("主页 GET 请求");
res.send('Hello GET');})// POST 请求
app.post('/',function(req, res){
console.log("主页 POST 请求");
res.send('Hello POST');})// /del_user 页面响应
app.get('/del_user',function(req, res){
console.log("/del_user 响应 DELETE 请求");
res.send('删除页面');})// /list_user 页面 GET 请求
app.get('/list_user',function(req, res){
console.log("/list_user GET 请求");
res.send('用户列表页面');})// 对页面 abcd, abxcd, ab123cd, 等响应 GET 请求
app.get('/ab*cd',function(req, res){
console.log("/ab*cd GET 请求");
res.send('正则匹配');})var server = app.listen(8081,function(){var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log("应用实例,访问地址为 http://%s:%s", host, port)})
Request 对象 - request 对象表示 HTTP 请求,包含了请求查询字符串,参数,内容,HTTP 头部等属性。常见属性有:
req.app:当callback为外部文件时,用req.app访问express的实例
req.baseUrl:获取路由当前安装的URL路径
req.body / req.cookies:获得「请求主体」/ Cookies
req.fresh / req.stale:判断请求是否还「新鲜」
req.hostname / req.ip:获取主机名和IP地址
req.originalUrl:获取原始请求URL
req.params:获取路由的parameters
req.path:获取请求路径
req.protocol:获取协议类型
req.query:获取URL的查询参数串
req.route:获取当前匹配的路由
req.subdomains:获取子域名
req.accepts():检查可接受的请求的文档类型
req.acceptsCharsets / req.acceptsEncodings / req.acceptsLanguages:返回指定字符集的第一个可接受字符编码
req.get():获取指定的HTTP请求头
req.is():判断请求头Content-Type的MIME类型
Response 对象 - response 对象表示 HTTP 响应,即在接收到请求时向客户端发送的 HTTP 响应数据。常见属性有:
res.app:同req.app一样
res.append():追加指定HTTP头
res.set()在res.append()后将重置之前设置的头
res.cookie(name,value [,option]):设置Cookie
opition: domain / expires / httpOnly / maxAge / path / secure / signed
res.clearCookie():清除Cookie
res.download():传送指定路径的文件
res.get():返回指定的HTTP头
res.json():传送JSON响应
res.jsonp():传送JSONP响应
res.location():只设置响应的Location HTTP头,不设置状态码或者close response
res.redirect():设置响应的Location HTTP头,并且设置状态码302
res.render(view,[locals],callback):渲染一个view,同时向callback传递渲染后的字符串,如果在渲染过程中有错误发生next(err)将会被自动调用。callback将会被传入一个可能发生的错误以及渲染后的页面,这样就不会自动输出了。
res.send():传送HTTP响应
res.sendFile(path [,options] [,fn]):传送指定路径的文件 -会自动根据文件extension设定Content-Type
res.set():设置HTTP头,传入object可以一次设置多个头
res.status():设置HTTP状态码
res.type():设置Content-Type的MIME类型
static
app.use(‘/public’, express.static(‘public’));
Get
var express =require('express');var app =express();
app.use('/public', express.static('public'));
app.get('/index.html',function(req, res){
res.sendFile( __dirname +"/"+"index.html");})
app.get('/process_get',function(req, res){// 输出 JSON 格式var response ={"first_name":req.query.first_name,"last_name":req.query.last_name
};
console.log(response);
res.end(JSON.stringify(response));})var server = app.listen(8081,function(){var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log("应用实例,访问地址为 http://%s:%s", host, port)})


Post
var express =require('express');var app =express();var bodyParser =require('body-parser');// 创建 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 编码解析var urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({extended:false})
app.use('/public', express.static('public'));
app.get('/index.html',function(req, res){
res.sendFile( __dirname +"/"+"index.html");})
app.post('/process_post', urlencodedParser,function(req, res){// 输出 JSON 格式var response ={"first_name":req.body.first_name,"last_name":req.body.last_name
};
console.log(response);
res.end(JSON.stringify(response));})var server = app.listen(8081,function(){var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log("应用实例,访问地址为 http://%s:%s", host, port)})

📒RESTful API
data
{"b1":{"name":"h","con":"hihihi","id":1},"b2":{"name":"b","con":"bobobo","id":2},"b3":{"name":"c","con":"cccccc","id":3}}
list
var express =require('express');var app =express();var fs =require("fs");
app.get('/list',function(req, res){
fs.readFile( __dirname +"/"+"books.json",'utf8',function(err, data){
console.log( data );
res.end( data );});})var server = app.listen(8081,function(){var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log("访问地址为 http://%s:%s", host, port)})
add
var express =require('express');var app =express();var fs =require("fs");//添加var bk={"b4":{"name":"b4","com":"this is b4","id":4}}
app.get('/add',function(req, res){// 读取已存在的数据
fs.readFile( __dirname +"/"+"Books.json",'utf8',function(err, data){
data =JSON.parse( data );
data["b4"]= bk["b4"];
console.log( data );
res.end(JSON.stringify(data));});})var server = app.listen(8081,function(){var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log("应用实例,访问地址为 http://%s:%s", host, port)})
id
var express =require('express');var app =express();var fs =require("fs");
app.get('/:id',function(req, res){// 首先我们读取已存在的用户
fs.readFile( __dirname +"/"+"Books.json",'utf8',function(err, data){
data =JSON.parse( data );var user = data["b"+ req.params.id]
console.log( user );
res.end(JSON.stringify(user));});})var server = app.listen(8081,function(){var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log("应用实例,访问地址为 http://%s:%s", host, port)})
delete
var express =require('express');var app =express();var fs =require("fs");var id =2;
app.get('/delete',function(req, res){// First read existing users.
fs.readFile( __dirname +"/"+"Books.json",'utf8',function(err, data){
data =JSON.parse( data );delete data["b"+ id];
console.log( data );
res.end(JSON.stringify(data));});})var server = app.listen(8081,function(){var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log(" http://%s:%s", host, port)})
📚️child_process
Node 提供了 child_process 模块来创建子进程,方法有:
exec - child_process.exec 使用子进程执行命令,缓存子进程的输出,并将子进程的输出以回调函数参数的形式返回。
spawn - child_process.spawn 使用指定的命令行参数创建新进程。
fork - child_process.fork 是 spawn()的特殊形式,用于在子进程中运行的模块,如 fork(‘./son.js’) 相当于 spawn(‘node’, [‘./son.js’]) 。与spawn方法不同的是,fork会在父进程与子进程之间,建立一个通信管道,用于进程之间的通信。
const fs =require('fs');const child_process =require('child_process');for(var i=0; i<10; i++){var workerProcess = child_process.exec('node hello.js '+i,function(error, stdout, stderr){if(error){
console.log(error.stack);
console.log('Error code : '+error.code);
console.log('Signal received: '+error.signal);}
console.log('stdout: '+ stdout);
console.log('stderr: '+ stderr);});
workerProcess.on('exit',function(code){
console.log('子进程已退出,退出码 '+code);});}
spawn() 方法返回流 (stdout & stderr),在进程返回大量数据时使用。进程一旦开始执行时 spawn() 就开始接收响应。
child_process.fork 是 spawn() 方法的特殊形式。
📔mogodb
mongodb
docker run --name mongodb -v /data/mongodb0:/data/db -p27017:27017 -d mongo
npm
npminstall mongodb
进入 MongoDB 容器的 bash shell 命令如下:
dockerexec-it mongodb bash#mongosh --host 127.0.0.1 --port 27017
记得在不再需要时停止和删除容器,可以使用以下命令:
docker stop mongodb
dockerrm mongodb
> show dbs
> show tables
> db.site.find()
create
const{ MongoClient }=require('mongodb');// MongoDB连接URIconst uri ='mongodb://localhost:27017';// 创建MongoDB客户端const client =newMongoClient(uri);asyncfunctionmain(){try{// 连接到MongoDBawait client.connect();
console.log('Connected to MongoDB');// 创建数据库const databaseName ='myDatabase';const db = client.db(databaseName);
console.log(`Database '${databaseName}' created`);}catch(error){
console.error('Error:', error);}finally{// 关闭MongoDB连接await client.close();
console.log('Disconnected from MongoDB');}}main().catch(console.error);
insert
const{ MongoClient }=require('mongodb');const uri ='mongodb://localhost:27017';const client =newMongoClient(uri);asyncfunctionmain(){try{await client.connect();
console.log('Connected to MongoDB');const databaseName ='myDatabase';const db = client.db(databaseName);
console.log(`Database '${databaseName}' created`);// 插入数据const collectionName ='myCollection';const collection = db.collection(collectionName);// 插入单个文档const insertResult =await collection.insertOne({name:'m2',age:18,email:'[email protected]'});// console.log('Inserted document:', insertResult.ops[0]);// 查询数据const queryResult =await collection.find({}).toArray();
console.log('Query result:', queryResult);}catch(error){
console.error('Error:', error);}finally{await client.close();
console.log('Disconnected from MongoDB');}}main().catch(console.error);
update delete
// 更新数据const filter ={name:'m'};const update ={$set:{age:15}};const updateResult =await collection.updateOne(filter, update);
console.log('Update result:', updateResult.modifiedCount);// 查询数据并打印更新后的结果const queryResult =await collection.find({name:'m'}).toArray();
console.log('Query result after update:', queryResult);// 删除数据const deleteResult =await collection.deleteOne({name:'m2'});
console.log('Delete result:', deleteResult.deletedCount);
End
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