IntelliJ IDEA 社区版2021.3配置SpringBoot项目详细教程及错误解决方法

一、SpringBoot的定义

    Spring 的诞⽣是为了简化 Java 程序的开发的，⽽ Spring Boot 的诞⽣是为了简化 Spring 程序开发的。 

    Spring Boot 翻译⼀下就是 Spring 脚⼿架，就是为了快速开发 Spring 框架⽽诞⽣的

   ** Spring Boot 项⽬的⼀大特点：约定⼤于配置。较于Spring需要配置Bean的扫描路径，而SpringBoot就不需要**

 

二、Spring Boot 优点

1. 快速集成框架，Spring Boot 提供了启动添加依赖的功能，⽤于秒级集成各种框架。
2. 内置运⾏容器，⽆需配置 Tomcat 等 Web 容器，直接运⾏和部署程序。
3. 快速部署项⽬，⽆需外部容器即可启动并运⾏项⽬。
4. 可以完全抛弃繁琐的 XML，使⽤注解和配置的⽅式进⾏开发。
5. ⽀持更多的监控的指标，可以更好的了解项⽬的运⾏情况。

** SpringBoot的核心：**

                           1、快速添加依赖

                           2、内置web容器

                           3、自动装配（即SpringBoot自动构建复杂对象，构建好的对象可以直接使用）

三、创建一个springboot的项目

    因为我们⽤的 Idea 社区版2021.3，选择安装SpringBoot插件才能创建 Spring Boot 项目。

SpringBoot插件名字为

接下来开始正式创建SpringBoot项目：

1、先选择file->new->project

2、选择Spring Initializr，选择国外的默认配置源

3、添加项目的依赖

       一般是Web项目，所以我们勾选最基本的 

Web选项，选择SpringBoot Devtools用于实现热部署，其他可以等用到的时候再添加。

Spring Boot Devtools：实现热部署

Lombok：Java注解

Spring Web: 外部服务

SpringBoot版本选择后缀不带英文字母的稳定版本，其中低版本的比较稳定

 点击下一步，命名自己项目的名字和保存地址，点击finash，等待项目的创建 

开始进行启动类初始化：右击
项目名，选择“
Add Framework Support”

如果出现以下蓝色且右上角带有三角形则启动类初始化成功

点击运行启动类，出现以下图形则说明一个SpringBoot项目已经构建完成

四、使用IDEA创建SpringBoot失败案例

    由于SpringBoot版本可能与IDEA某些版本产生冲突导致无法创建成功，失败的案例有如下几种：

1、Maven缺少plugins和dependencies两个选项

2、Cannot resolve symbol 'springframework' 错误异常

解决方法：

（1）第一种方法：删除Maven本地的配置文件，重新配置国内阿里源在进行重新下载Maven进行加载

阿里源文件settings.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
 |                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in
 |                 ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
  -->

  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
  </pluginGroups>

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>

  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     |
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->

    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   |
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
   <mirror>
        <id>alimaven</id>
        <name>aliyun maven</name>
        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
        <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>        
      </mirror>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
    </mirror>
     -->
  </mirrors>

  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
  </profiles>

  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
</settings>

（2）第二种方法：创建一个空项目，然后以新建模块的方式 创建新的SpringBoot项目

     以这种方式，没有感觉idea 版本和 maven版本存在冲突问题

接下来的步骤就和正常创建SpringBoot的步骤一模一样了，完成以上全部步骤之后点击启动类运行，如果能运行成功则SpringBoot项目就创建成功了。

异常案例：若创建Maven时，pom.xml文件为灰色，没有变成蓝色时，此时右键点击pom.xml文件，再点击 add as maven project 稍等一会儿导入依赖就可以

说明
之所以没有配置Tomcat，是因为Spring Boot内置了Tomcat

主要的几个代码介绍

1、@SpringBootApplication：Spring Boot项目的核心注解，主要目的是开启自动配置。；

2、@Configuration：这是一个配置Spring的配置类；

3、@Controller：标明这是一个Spring MVC的Controller控制器；

4、main方法：在main方法中启动一个应用，即：这个应用的入口；