Springboot实现接口传输加解密

前言

先给大家看下效果，原本我们的请求是这样子的

加密后的数据传输是这样子的

如果这是你想要的效果，那么请继续往下看

加解密步骤：

1.前端请求前进行加密，然后发送到后端

2.后端收到请求后解密

3.后端返回数据前进行加密

4.前端拿到加密串后，解密数据

加解密算法：

本文用的是国密算法作为参考，当然大家也可以用其它算法进行加解密

国密算法加解密可参照：java/vue使用国密sm2进行数据加密_vue sm2_qq243920161的博客-CSDN博客java/vue使用国密sm2https://blog.csdn.net/qq243920161/article/details/127865091

一、前端请求前进行加密，然后发送到后端

import axios from 'axios';
import { sm2 } from 'sm-crypto';

axios.interceptors.request.use(config => {
    // form-data传参方式不加密
    if (config.headers['Content-Type'] === 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded') {
        return;
    }

    // 非body方式传参，不加密
    if (config.data) {
        return;
    }

    // 使用国密算法进行加密
    let encryptData = sm2.doEncrypt(JSON.stringify(config.data), '加密公钥，请提前生成好');
    config.data = {
        data: encryptData
    }
});

以上代码使用了axios拦截器，对所有请求进行拦截，拦截器里，使用config.data获取到请求的body进行加密，加密后，把加密后的数据重新赋值到config.data，sm-crypto是国密算法的依赖，使用前npm install sm-crypto即可

请确保config.data是一个对象或者数组，不要是一个字符串，否则后端获取body时会失败

加密成功后，从network就能看到加密的数据了

二、后端收到请求后解密

这里有两个类直接复制粘贴即可，一个是RequestWrapper，这个类是用来读取body的，一个是BodyRequestWrapper，这个类是用来解密后，将解密后的数据封装到request，供Controller层使用，这里直接上代码了

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.*;

/**
 * 用来读取body
 */
public class RequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
    private final String body;

    public RequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        try {
            inputStream = request.getInputStream();
            if (inputStream != null) {
                bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                char[] charBuffer = new char[128];
                int bytesRead = -1;
                while ((bytesRead = bufferedReader.read(charBuffer)) > 0) {
                    stringBuilder.append(charBuffer, 0, bytesRead);
                }
            } else {
                stringBuilder.append("");
            }
        } catch (IOException ex) {

        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bufferedReader != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        body = stringBuilder.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        final ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes());
        ServletInputStream servletInputStream = new ServletInputStream() {
            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {
            }

            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return byteArrayInputStream.read();
            }
        };
        return servletInputStream;

    }

    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getInputStream()));
    }

    public String getBody() {
        return this.body;
    }
}

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
 * 用来重新封装request
 */
public class BodyRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {

    /**
     * 存放JSON数据主体
     */
    private String body;

    public BodyRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, String context) {
        super(request);
        body = context;
    }

    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        final ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(body.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        return new ServletInputStream() {
            @Override
            public int read() throws IOException {
                return byteArrayInputStream.read();
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) {

            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getInputStream()));
    }
}

然后我们需要写一个请求过滤器，继承Filter，对所有请求接口进行过滤

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSON;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 请求加解密过滤器
 *
 * @author 猴哥
 */
@Component
public class RequestHandler implements Filter {
    /**
     * 进行请求加密
     */
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // form-data不校验
        if ("application/x-www-form-urlencoded".equals(request.getContentType())) {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
        }

        // 拿到加密串
        String data = new RequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request).getBody();
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(data)) {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
        }

        // 解析
        String body = Sm2Util.decrypt("解密私钥", data);
        request = new BodyRequestWrapper((HttpServletRequest) request, body);
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

Sm2Util是国密的解密方式，工具类在之前分享的帖子里有，当然，大家可以用自己喜欢的方式进行加解密

java/vue使用国密sm2进行数据加密_vue sm2_qq243920161的博客-CSDN博客java/vue使用国密sm2https://blog.csdn.net/qq243920161/article/details/127865091

这样就能拿到加密串了

但是有个问题就是，这样写的话，所有请求都会走Filter，但是我们只想让部分请求走Filter怎么办呢，写一个配置类就可以了，这样就可以将url进行过滤

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author 猴哥
 */
@Configuration
public class EncryptionConfiguration {
    /**
     * 过滤器配置
     */
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean<RequestHandler> filterRegistration(RequestHandler requestHandler) {
        FilterRegistrationBean<RequestHandler> registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
        registration.setFilter(requestHandler);
        registration.addUrlPatterns("/plugin/*");
        registration.setName("encryptionFilter");
        //设置优先级别
        registration.setOrder(1);
        return registration;
    }
}

以上代码就是将/plugin开头的url进行拦截，代码不难，就不用过多解释了吧

三、后端返回数据前进行加密

代码如下

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 响应加解密拦截器
 *
 * @author 猴哥
 */
@Component
@ControllerAdvice
public class ResponseHandler implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Object> {
    /**
     * 返回true，才会走beforeBodyWrite方法
     */
    @Override
    public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass) {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 响应加密
     */
    @Override
    public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object body, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> aClass, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {
        // 拿到响应的数据
        String json = JSON.toJSONString(body);
        // 进行加密
        return Sm2Util.encrypt("加密公钥", json);
    }
}

前端即可拿到这样一个加密数据

四、前端拿到加密串后，解密数据

需要再axios中添加一个响应拦截器，代码如下

import axios from 'axios';
import { sm2 } from 'sm-crypto';

// 响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(res => {
    res.data = JSON.parse(sm2.doDecrypt(res.data, '解密私钥'));
    console.log('解密出来的数据', res.data);
});

打印如图所示