Mac快速搭建前端环境&创建前端项目
官网:
- vue:https://cn.vuejs.org/
- vue-router:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- pinia:https://pinia.vuejs.org/zh/getting-started.html
- axios:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- ant-design:https://www.antdv.com/
1 开发环境搭建
①安装node(nvm)
下载:https://nodejs.org/en
Mac可以安装配置nvm(管理node的工具)
- https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm
- 如果安装过程中出现443,表明可能被墙了
- 解决:打开网站https://www.ipaddress.com/ 查询一下 raw.githubusercontent.com对应的IP 地址,然后修改本机的vim /etc/hosts文件
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
### nvm安装及使用curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh |bash# 配置环境变量exportNVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"[-s"$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"]&&."$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"# 完成后输入nvm,出现node version manger表示安装成功
nvm
# 使用:## 1 安装node( nvm ls-remote | grep 18 查看有哪些node版本)
nvm install13.0.1
## 2 查看是否安装成功
nvm list |grep13## 3 切换版本
nvm use 13.0.1
②配置npm
# 配置npmnpm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com #设置国内阿里云镜像源npm config get registry #查看镜像源npm init: 项目初始化;
npm init -y:默认一路yes,不用挨个输入信息
npminstall 包名:安装js包到项目中(仅当前项目有效)。指定 包名,或者 包名@版本号
npminstall -g: 全局安装,所有都能用
可以去 npm仓库 搜索第三方库
npm update 包名:升级包到最新版本
npm uninstall 包名:卸载包
npm run:项目运行
③安装vite(脚手架)
vite:快速创建前端项目脚手架。包括react、vue等项目
官网:https://cn.vitejs.dev
npm create vite #根据向导选择技术栈npminstall#安装项目所有依赖npminstall axios #安装指定依赖到当前项目npminstall-g xxx # 全局安装# 项目启动npm run dev #启动项目# 项目打包## 前后分离方式:需要把 dist 文件夹内容部署到如 nginx 之类的服务器上。## 前后不分离方式:把 dist 文件夹内容复制到 SpringBoot 项目 resources 下面npm run build #构建后 生成 dist 文件夹
问题:如果出现报错:node:77305) Warning: require() of ES modules is not supported.,表明node版本过低不支持。通过nvm升级node版本即可。nvm use v18.20.2
④vue浏览器插件:Vue.js devtools
使用:
⑤VSCode/WebStorm
2 快速搭建简易登录页面
使用技术:vue+vue-router-pinia+axios+ant-design
官网:
- vue:https://cn.vuejs.org/
- vue-router:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- pinia:https://pinia.vuejs.org/zh/getting-started.html
- axios:https://www.axios-http.cn/
- ant-design:https://www.antdv.com/
🚀全部代码
:https://github.com/ziyifast/ziyifast-code_instruction/tree/main/front_demo/vue/vue-all
2.1 创建vue项目
①vite创建vue基础项目
# 创建vue项目npm create vite
# 进入项目并安装依赖cd vue-all
npminstall# 启动项目npm run dev
②引入ant-design
//安装依赖
npm i --save [email protected]
//main.js中注册使用import{ createApp }from'vue';import App from'./App';import Antd from'ant-design-vue';import'ant-design-vue/dist/reset.css';const app =createApp(App);
app.use(Antd).mount('#app');
2.2 使用ant-design快速搭建页面
①vue及路由配置
App.vue
<script></script><template><div><router-view/></div></template><style scoped></style>
views/LoginVue.vue
<script>import{login} from "@/api/user.js";
export default{data(){return{
loginUser:{
username:'admin',
password:'admin',},};},
methods:{userLogin(){login(this.loginUser).then(res =>{
console.log(res.status)if(res.status ===200){alert('登录成功')
this.$router.push({path:`/userInfo/`})}},error=>{alert('登录失败')})}},}</script><template><div class="loginContainer"><div class="loginHeader"><span style="color: #2b92e4">ziyi后台管理系统</span></div><div class="loginMainWrapper"><div class="loginWrapper"><div class="loginTipsWrapper" style="color: #ffffff"><span class="siteSummaryTitle">ziy后台管理系统</span><div class="siteSummary"><ul><li><a-icon type="check-square" style="margin-right: 10px"/><span>统一方便的资源管理</span></li><li><a-icon type="check-square" style="margin-right: 10px"/><span>友好的界面展示,基于AntDesign组件库</span></li><li><a-icon type="check-square" style="margin-right: 10px"/><span>前后端分离,便于维护</span></li></ul></div></div><div class="loginBoxWrapper" align="center"><a-form-model :model="loginUser" style="width: 100%"><a-form-model-item style="color: palevioletred;text-align: center"><h1>欢迎登录</h1></a-form-model-item><a-form-model-item><a-input v-model:value="loginUser.username" placeholder="账号"><a-icon slot="prefix"type="user" style="color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)"/></a-input></a-form-model-item><a-form-model-item><a-input v-model:value="loginUser.password"type="password" placeholder="密码"><a-icon slot="prefix"type="lock" style="color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)"/></a-input></a-form-model-item><a-form-model-item></a-form-model-item><a-form-model-item><a-button type="primary" html-type="submit" style="width: 100%" @submit.prevent
@click="userLogin">立即登录
</a-button><a-button style="width: 100%;margin-top: 10px">注册账号</a-button></a-form-model-item><a-form-model-item style="text-align: center"><a-space size="large"><a-icon type="weibo" style="font-size: 2em;cursor: pointer;color:#f50"/><a-icon type="qq" style="font-size: 2em;cursor: pointer;color:#2b92e4;"/><a-icon type="github" style="font-size: 2em;cursor: pointer;color:#333;"/></a-space></a-form-model-item></a-form-model></div></div><div class="loginFooter">
© 2020-2024 CoreCmd 版权所有. 川ICP备18063315号-1 川公网安备 52158202001416号
</div></div></div></template><style scoped>.loginContainer {
width:100%;
position: relative;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-repeat: no-repeat !important;
background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
padding-top: 105px;
min-height:100%;}.loginHeader {
width:100%;
height: 64px;
background-color: #ffffff;
position: fixed;
left:0;
right:0;
top:0;
z-index:1000;
box-shadow:0 2px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: flex-start;
flex-direction: row;
padding: 10px;}.loginHeader span {
font-size: 25px;
font-weight:700;}.loginMainWrapper {
width:100%;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;}.loginWrapper {
width:90%;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
justify-content: right;
flex-direction: row;
height:100%;}.loginFooter {
width:100%;
min-height: 64px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: flex-start;
flex-direction: row;
text-align: center;
color: #ffffff;
margin-top: 40px;}.siteSummary ul {
list-style: none;
padding:0;}.siteSummary ul li {
margin-top: 10px;
list-style: none;}
@media screen and (min-width: 1200px){.loginTipsWrapper {
padding: 20px 30px;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
justify-content: center;
flex-direction: column;
min-height:100%;}.loginBoxWrapper {
background-color: #ffffff;
padding: 20px;
width: 400px;
height:100%;
border-radius: 5px;}}
@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1200px){.loginTipsWrapper {
padding: 20px 30px;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
justify-content: center;
flex-direction: column;
height:100%;}.loginBoxWrapper {
background-color: #ffffff;
padding: 20px;
width: 400px;
height:100%;
border-radius: 5px;}}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px){.loginTipsWrapper {
display: none;}.loginBoxWrapper {
background-color: #ffffff;
padding: 20px;
width:100%;
border-radius: 5px;}}.siteSummaryTitle {
color: #ffffff;
font-size:1.5rem;
font-weight:700;}.siteSummary {
margin-top: 25px;
color: #ffffff;
font-size:1.2rem;
font-weight:300;}</style>
views/UserInfo.vue
<script setup></script><template><h1>用户中心</h1></template><style scoped></style>
router/index.js
import{createRouter, createWebHistory}from'vue-router'import UserInfo from"@/views/UserInfo.vue";import LoginVue from"@/views/LoginVue.vue";const router =createRouter({history:createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL),routes:[{path:'/',//默认展示登录页面name:'login',component: LoginVue,},{path:'/userInfo',name:'userInfo',component: UserInfo,}]})exportdefault router
②封装axios(util/http.js)
import axios from"axios";//封装请求const http = axios.create({baseURL:'/api',timeout:5000,headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'},withCredentials:true,//允许跨域});functionget(url, params ={}){returnnewPromise((resolve, reject)=>{
http.get(url,{params: params
}).then(res=>{resolve(res.data);}).catch(err=>{reject(err.data)})})}functionpost(url, data ={}){returnnewPromise((resolve, reject)=>{
http.post(url, data).then(response=>{resolve(response.data);}).catch(err=>{reject(err)})})}exportdefault http;
③user.js
import http from'../utils/http.js'exportconstlogin=(params)=> http.post(`/login`, params)
2.4 vite.config.js解决跨域
import{fileURLToPath,URL}from'node:url'import{defineConfig}from'vite'import vue from'@vitejs/plugin-vue'// https://vitejs.dev/config/exportdefaultdefineConfig({plugins:[vue(),],resolve:{alias:{'@':fileURLToPath(newURL('./src',import.meta.url))}},//配置代理server:{proxy:{'/api':{target:'http://localhost:8080',// 后端服务器地址changeOrigin:true,// 是否改变请求域名rewrite:(path)=> path.replace(/^\/api/,'')//将原有请求路径中的api替换为''}}}})
2.4 后端接口(Golang版)
为了代码简洁,这里直接使用硬编码,不再进行连接查询数据库等操作
package main
import("fmt""github.com/kataras/iris/v12""github.com/kataras/iris/v12/context""net/http")funcmain(){
app := iris.New()
app.Use(Cors)
app.Post("/login",login())
app.Listen(":8080")}funclogin()func(ctx *context.Context){returnfunc(ctx *context.Context){
tmp :=make(map[string]interface{})
err := ctx.ReadJSON(&tmp)if err !=nil{
ctx.StatusCode(http.StatusBadRequest)return}
username := tmp["username"]
password := tmp["password"]
fmt.Println("username:", username,"password:", password)if username =="admin"&& password =="admin"{
ctx.StatusCode(http.StatusOK)return}else{
ctx.StatusCode(http.StatusForbidden)return}}}funcCors(ctx iris.Context){//后端解决跨域
ctx.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*")if ctx.Method()=="OPTIONS"{
ctx.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods","GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS")
ctx.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers","Content-Type, Accept, Authorization")
ctx.StatusCode(204)return}
ctx.Next()}
2.5 测试
①启动项目
# 在package.json目录下执行命令,运行前端npm run dev
# 启动后端
go run main.go
前端:
后端:
②验证
- 访问浏览器
- 点击登录按钮,请求后端
- 登录成功,跳转用户中心页面
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