从零开始使用ESP8266+OLED打造智能时钟（网络校时+实时天气+天气预报）
目录
零、前言
一、材料准备
1、ESP8266（NodeMCU V3）
2、OLED（SSD1306）（四针脚，利用I2C通信）
3、杜邦线（我使用4根母对母）
3、WiFi或者手机热点
- 温馨提示：不要打开WIFI6，不要打开5.0GHz频段
- 温馨提示：不要打开WIFI6，不要打开5.0GHz频段
- 温馨提示：不要打开WIFI6，不要打开5.0GHz频段
4.一台能上网的电脑
5、心知天气账号（免费版即可）（👉传送门）
二、开发环境配置
1、Arduino基础安装
（1）访问Arduino官网，下载Arduino IDE
(2)接入开发板，查看端口是否可选，如果端口是灰色的，请查看文末的Q&A
2、安装ESP8266所需要的库
（1）打开 文件->首选项
（2）在附加开发板管理器网址里添加以下内容
https://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json
（3）打开工具->开发板->开发板管理器，等待同步完成（由于网络原因，可能会失败，请多试几次）
（4）搜索esp8266并安装（由于网络原因，可能会失败，请多试几次）
3、安装所需要的库
展示需要引入的头文件（其实装了太多，我也忘记那些是必须的了
#include<ArduinoJson.h>//JSON解析#include<ESP8266WiFi.h>//WIFI#include<SPI.h>#include<U8g2lib.h>#include<WiFiUdp.h>#include<TimeLib.h>//时间#include<DNSServer.h>#include<ESP8266WebServer.h>
三、ESP8266与OLED连接
OLED 显示模块ESP8266开发板GNDGVCC3VSCLD1SDAD2
注意图中杜邦线颜色
四、代码编写
//引入必要的头文件#include<ArduinoJson.h>#include<ESP8266WiFi.h>#include<SPI.h>#include<U8g2lib.h>#include<WiFiUdp.h>#include<TimeLib.h>#include<DNSServer.h>#include<ESP8266WebServer.h>
WiFiUDP Udp;unsignedint localPort =8888;// 用于侦听UDP数据包的本地端口//网络校时的相关配置staticconstchar ntpServerName[]="ntp1.aliyun.com";//NTP服务器，使用阿里云int timeZone =8;//时区设置，采用东8区//保存断网前的最新数据int results_0_now_temperature_int_old;
String results_0_now_text_str_old;int results_0_daily_1_high_int_old;int results_0_daily_1_low_int_old;
String results_0_daily_1_text_day_str_old;//函数声明
time_t getNtpTime();voidsendNTPpacket(IPAddress &address);voidoledClockDisplay();voidsendCommand(int command,int value);voidinitdisplay();voidconnectWiFi();voidparseInfo_now(WiFiClient client,int i);voidparseInfo_fut(WiFiClient client,int i);//
boolean isNTPConnected =false;constunsignedchar xing[] U8X8_PROGMEM ={0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x0F,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x0F,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x0F,0x80,0x00,0x88,0x00,0xF8,0x1F,0x84,0x00,0x82,0x00,0xF8,0x0F,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0xFE,0x3F,0x00,0x00};/*星*/constunsignedchar liu[] U8X8_PROGMEM ={0x40,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x02,0x20,0x04,0x10,0x08,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x10,0x04,0x20,0x02,0x20,0x00,0x00};/*六*/typedefstruct{//存储配置结构体int tz;//时间戳} config_type;
config_type config;
WiFiClient clientNULL;
DNSServer dnsServer;
ESP8266WebServer server(80);//----------WIFI连接配置----------constchar* ssid ="XXX";// 连接WiFi名（此处使用XXX为示例） constchar* password ="12345678";// 连接WiFi密码（此处使用12345678为示例）// 请将您需要连接的WiFi密码填入引号中//----------天气API配置----------constchar* host ="api.seniverse.com";// 将要连接的服务器地址 constint httpPort =80;// 将要连接的服务器端口 // 心知天气HTTP请求所需信息
String reqUserKey ="XXXXXX";// 私钥
String reqLocation ="hangzhou";// 城市
String reqUnit ="c";// 摄氏/华氏//----------设置屏幕----------
U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_F_HW_I2C u8g2(U8G2_R0,/* reset=*/U8X8_PIN_NONE);int sta =0;//----------初始化OLED----------voidinitdisplay(){
u8g2.begin();
u8g2.enableUTF8Print();}//----------用于获取实时天气的函数(0)----------voidTandW(){
String reqRes ="/v3/weather/now.json?key="+ reqUserKey ++"&location="+ reqLocation +"&language=en&unit="+reqUnit;// 向心知天气服务器服务器请求信息并对信息进行解析httpRequest(reqRes,0);//延迟，需要低于20次/分钟delay(5000);}voiddisplay_1(int results_0_now_temperature_int,String results_0_now_text_str);//声明函数，用于显示温度、天气//----------获取3天预报(1)----------voidthreeday(){// 建立心知天气API当前天气请求资源地址
String reqRes ="/v3/weather/daily.json?key="+ reqUserKey ++"&location="+ reqLocation +"&language=en&unit="+
reqUnit +"&start=0&days=3";// 向心知天气服务器服务器请求信息并对信息进行解析httpRequest(reqRes,1);delay(5000);}voidclock_display(time_t prevDisplay){
server.handleClient();
dnsServer.processNextRequest();if(timeStatus()!= timeNotSet){if(now()!= prevDisplay){//时间改变时更新显示
prevDisplay =now();oledClockDisplay();}}}voidsetup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("");initdisplay();// 连接WiFi
u8g2.clearBuffer();
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_unifont_t_chinese2);
u8g2.setCursor(0,14);
u8g2.print("Waiting for WiFi");
u8g2.setCursor(0,30);
u8g2.print("connection...");
u8g2.sendBuffer();connectWiFi();
Udp.begin(localPort);setSyncProvider(getNtpTime);setSyncInterval(300);//每300秒同步一次时间}
time_t prevDisplay =0;//当时钟已经显示voidloop(){if(sta>=0&& sta<=250){clock_display(prevDisplay);}elseif(sta ==251){TandW();}else{threeday();}++sta;if(sta==253){
sta =0;}}// 向心知天气服务器服务器请求信息并对信息进行解析voidhttpRequest(String reqRes,int stat){
WiFiClient client;// 建立http请求信息
String httpRequest =String("GET ")+ reqRes +" HTTP/1.1\r\n"+"Host: "+ host +"\r\n"+"Connection: close\r\n\r\n";
Serial.println("");
Serial.print("Connecting to "); Serial.print(host);// 尝试连接服务器if(client.connect(host,80)){
Serial.println(" Success!");// 向服务器发送http请求信息
client.print(httpRequest);
Serial.println("Sending request: ");
Serial.println(httpRequest);// 获取并显示服务器响应状态行
String status_response = client.readStringUntil('\n');
Serial.print("status_response: ");
Serial.println(status_response);// 使用find跳过HTTP响应头if(client.find("\r\n\r\n")){
Serial.println("Found Header End. Start Parsing.");}if(stat ==0){// 利用ArduinoJson库解析心知天气响应信息(实时数据)parseInfo_now(client,1);}elseif(stat ==1){parseInfo_fut(client,1);}}else{
Serial.println(" connection failed!");if(stat ==0){// 利用ArduinoJson库解析心知天气响应信息(实时数据)parseInfo_now(clientNULL,0);}elseif(stat ==1){parseInfo_fut(clientNULL,0);}}//断开客户端与服务器连接工作
client.stop();}// 连接WiFivoidconnectWiFi(){
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);// 启动网络连接
Serial.print("Connecting to ");// 串口监视器输出网络连接信息
Serial.print(ssid); Serial.println(" ...");// 告知用户NodeMCU正在尝试WiFi连接int i =0;// 这一段程序语句用于检查WiFi是否连接成功while(WiFi.status()!= WL_CONNECTED){// WiFi.status()函数的返回值是由NodeMCU的WiFi连接状态所决定的。 delay(1000);// 如果WiFi连接成功则返回值为WL_CONNECTED
Serial.print(i++); Serial.print(' ');// 此处通过While循环让NodeMCU每隔一秒钟检查一次WiFi.status()函数返回值}// 同时NodeMCU将通过串口监视器输出连接时长读秒。// 这个读秒是通过变量i每隔一秒自加1来实现的。
Serial.println("");// WiFi连接成功后
Serial.println("Connection established!");// NodeMCU将通过串口监视器输出"连接成功"信息。
Serial.print("IP address: ");// 同时还将输出NodeMCU的IP地址。这一功能是通过调用
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());// WiFi.localIP()函数来实现的。该函数的返回值即NodeMCU的IP地址。 }// 利用ArduinoJson库解析心知天气响应信息(实时)voidparseInfo_now(WiFiClient client,int i){if(i==1){const size_t capacity =JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(1)+JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1)+2*JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(3)+JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(6)+230;
DynamicJsonDocument doc(capacity);deserializeJson(doc, client);
JsonObject results_0 = doc["results"][0];
JsonObject results_0_now = results_0["now"];constchar* results_0_now_text = results_0_now["text"];// "Sunny"constchar* results_0_now_code = results_0_now["code"];// "0"constchar* results_0_now_temperature = results_0_now["temperature"];// "32"constchar* results_0_last_update = results_0["last_update"];// "2020-06-02T14:40:00+08:00" // 通过串口监视器显示以上信息
String results_0_now_text_str = results_0_now["text"].as<String>();int results_0_now_code_int = results_0_now["code"].as<int>();int results_0_now_temperature_int = results_0_now["temperature"].as<int>();
String results_0_last_update_str = results_0["last_update"].as<String>();
Serial.println(F("======Weahter Now======="));
Serial.print(F("Weather Now: "));
Serial.print(results_0_now_text_str);
Serial.print(F(" "));
Serial.println(results_0_now_code_int);
Serial.print(F("Temperature: "));
Serial.println(results_0_now_temperature_int);
Serial.print(F("Last Update: "));
Serial.println(results_0_last_update_str);
Serial.println(F("========================"));display_0(results_0_now_temperature_int,results_0_now_text_str);
results_0_now_text_str_old = results_0_now_text_str;
results_0_now_temperature_int_old = results_0_now_temperature_int;}else{display_0(results_0_now_temperature_int_old,results_0_now_text_str_old);}}//----------输出实时天气----------voiddisplay_0(int results_0_now_temperature_int,String results_0_now_text_str){//显示输出
u8g2.clearBuffer();
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_wqy16_t_gb2312);
u8g2.setCursor(15,14);
u8g2.print("杭州实时天气");
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_logisoso24_tr);
u8g2.setCursor(45,44);
u8g2.print(results_0_now_temperature_int);
u8g2.setCursor(35,61);
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_unifont_t_chinese2);
u8g2.print(results_0_now_text_str);
u8g2.sendBuffer();}// 利用ArduinoJson库解析心知天气响应信息(预测)voidparseInfo_fut(WiFiClient client,int i){if(i==1){const size_t capacity =JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(1)+JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(3)+JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1)+JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(3)+JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(6)+3*JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(14)+860;
DynamicJsonDocument doc(capacity);deserializeJson(doc, client);
JsonObject results_0 = doc["results"][0];
JsonArray results_0_daily = results_0["daily"];
JsonObject results_0_daily_0 = results_0_daily[0];constchar* results_0_daily_0_date = results_0_daily_0["date"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_text_day = results_0_daily_0["text_day"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_code_day = results_0_daily_0["code_day"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_text_night = results_0_daily_0["text_night"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_code_night = results_0_daily_0["code_night"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_high = results_0_daily_0["high"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_low = results_0_daily_0["low"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_rainfall = results_0_daily_0["rainfall"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_precip = results_0_daily_0["precip"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_wind_direction = results_0_daily_0["wind_direction"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_wind_direction_degree = results_0_daily_0["wind_direction_degree"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_wind_speed = results_0_daily_0["wind_speed"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_wind_scale = results_0_daily_0["wind_scale"];constchar* results_0_daily_0_humidity = results_0_daily_0["humidity"];
JsonObject results_0_daily_1 = results_0_daily[1];constchar* results_0_daily_1_date = results_0_daily_1["date"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_text_day = results_0_daily_1["text_day"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_code_day = results_0_daily_1["code_day"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_text_night = results_0_daily_1["text_night"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_code_night = results_0_daily_1["code_night"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_high = results_0_daily_1["high"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_low = results_0_daily_1["low"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_rainfall = results_0_daily_1["rainfall"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_precip = results_0_daily_1["precip"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_wind_direction = results_0_daily_1["wind_direction"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_wind_direction_degree = results_0_daily_1["wind_direction_degree"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_wind_speed = results_0_daily_1["wind_speed"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_wind_scale = results_0_daily_1["wind_scale"];constchar* results_0_daily_1_humidity = results_0_daily_1["humidity"];
JsonObject results_0_daily_2 = results_0_daily[2];constchar* results_0_daily_2_date = results_0_daily_2["date"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_text_day = results_0_daily_2["text_day"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_code_day = results_0_daily_2["code_day"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_text_night = results_0_daily_2["text_night"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_code_night = results_0_daily_2["code_night"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_high = results_0_daily_2["high"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_low = results_0_daily_2["low"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_rainfall = results_0_daily_2["rainfall"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_precip = results_0_daily_2["precip"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_wind_direction = results_0_daily_2["wind_direction"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_wind_direction_degree = results_0_daily_2["wind_direction_degree"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_wind_speed = results_0_daily_2["wind_speed"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_wind_scale = results_0_daily_2["wind_scale"];constchar* results_0_daily_2_humidity = results_0_daily_2["humidity"];constchar* results_0_last_update = results_0["last_update"];// 从以上信息中摘选几个通过串口监视器显示
String results_0_daily_0_date_str = results_0_daily_0["date"].as<String>();
String results_0_daily_0_text_day_str = results_0_daily_0["text_day"].as<String>();int results_0_daily_0_code_day_int = results_0_daily_0["code_day"].as<int>();
String results_0_daily_0_text_night_str = results_0_daily_0["text_night"].as<String>();int results_0_daily_0_code_night_int = results_0_daily_0["code_night"].as<int>();int results_0_daily_0_high_int = results_0_daily_0["high"].as<int>();int results_0_daily_0_low_int = results_0_daily_0["low"].as<int>();
String results_0_last_update_str = results_0["last_update"].as<String>();int results_0_daily_1_high_int = results_0_daily_1["high"].as<int>();int results_0_daily_1_low_int = results_0_daily_1["low"].as<int>();
String results_0_daily_1_text_day_str = results_0_daily_1["text_day"].as<String>();
Serial.println(F("======Today Weahter ======="));
Serial.print(F("DATE: "));
Serial.println(results_0_daily_0_date_str);
Serial.print(F("Day Weather: "));
Serial.print(results_0_daily_0_text_day_str);
Serial.print(F(" "));
Serial.println(results_0_daily_0_code_day_int);
Serial.print(F("Night Weather: "));
Serial.print(results_0_daily_0_text_night_str);
Serial.print(F(" "));
Serial.println(results_0_daily_0_code_night_int);
Serial.print(F("High: "));
Serial.println(results_0_daily_0_high_int);
Serial.print(F("LOW: "));
Serial.println(results_0_daily_0_low_int);
Serial.print(F("Last Update: "));
Serial.println(results_0_last_update_str);
Serial.println(F("=============================="));display_1(results_0_daily_1_high_int,results_0_daily_1_low_int,results_0_daily_1_text_day_str);
results_0_daily_1_high_int_old=results_0_daily_1_high_int;
results_0_daily_1_low_int_old=results_0_daily_1_low_int;
results_0_daily_1_text_day_str_old=results_0_daily_1_text_day_str;}else{display_1(results_0_daily_1_high_int_old,results_0_daily_1_low_int_old,results_0_daily_1_text_day_str_old);}}//----------预测明天天气----------voiddisplay_1(int results_0_daily_1_high_int,int results_0_daily_1_low_int,String results_0_daily_1_text_day_str){//显示输出
u8g2.clearBuffer();
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_wqy16_t_gb2312);
u8g2.setCursor(15,14);
u8g2.print("杭州明天天气");
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_logisoso24_tr);
u8g2.setCursor(20,46);
u8g2.print(results_0_daily_1_low_int);
u8g2.setCursor(56,46);
u8g2.print("~");
u8g2.setCursor(75,46);
u8g2.print(results_0_daily_1_high_int);
u8g2.setCursor(30,62);
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_unifont_t_chinese2);
u8g2.print(results_0_daily_1_text_day_str);
u8g2.sendBuffer();}/*-------- NTP 代码 ----------*/constint NTP_PACKET_SIZE =48;// NTP时间在消息的前48个字节里
byte packetBuffer[NTP_PACKET_SIZE];// 输入输出包的缓冲区
time_t getNtpTime(){
IPAddress ntpServerIP;// NTP服务器的地址while(Udp.parsePacket()>0);// 丢弃以前接收的任何数据包
Serial.println("Transmit NTP Request");// 从池中获取随机服务器
WiFi.hostByName(ntpServerName, ntpServerIP);
Serial.print(ntpServerName);
Serial.print(": ");
Serial.println(ntpServerIP);sendNTPpacket(ntpServerIP);uint32_t beginWait =millis();while(millis()- beginWait <1500){int size = Udp.parsePacket();if(size >= NTP_PACKET_SIZE){
Serial.println("Receive NTP Response");
isNTPConnected =true;
Udp.read(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);// 将数据包读取到缓冲区unsignedlong secsSince1900;// 将从位置40开始的四个字节转换为长整型，只取前32位整数部分
secsSince1900 =(unsignedlong)packetBuffer[40]<<24;
secsSince1900 |=(unsignedlong)packetBuffer[41]<<16;
secsSince1900 |=(unsignedlong)packetBuffer[42]<<8;
secsSince1900 |=(unsignedlong)packetBuffer[43];
Serial.println(secsSince1900);
Serial.println(secsSince1900 -2208988800UL+ timeZone * SECS_PER_HOUR);return secsSince1900 -2208988800UL+ timeZone * SECS_PER_HOUR;}}
Serial.println("No NTP Response :-(");//无NTP响应
isNTPConnected =false;return0;//如果未得到时间则返回0}// 向给定地址的时间服务器发送NTP请求voidsendNTPpacket(IPAddress &address){memset(packetBuffer,0, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);
packetBuffer[0]=0b11100011;// LI, Version, Mode
packetBuffer[1]=0;// Stratum, or type of clock
packetBuffer[2]=6;// Polling Interval
packetBuffer[3]=0xEC;// Peer Clock Precision// 8 bytes of zero for Root Delay & Root Dispersion
packetBuffer[12]=49;
packetBuffer[13]=0x4E;
packetBuffer[14]=49;
packetBuffer[15]=52;
Udp.beginPacket(address,123);//NTP需要使用的UDP端口号为123
Udp.write(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);
Udp.endPacket();}voidoledClockDisplay(){int years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds, weekdays;
years =year();
months =month();
days =day();
hours =hour();
minutes =minute();
seconds =second();
weekdays =weekday();
Serial.printf("%d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d Weekday:%d\n", years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds, weekdays);
u8g2.clearBuffer();
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_unifont_t_chinese2);
u8g2.setCursor(0,14);if(isNTPConnected){if(timeZone>=0){
u8g2.print("当前时间(UTC+");
u8g2.print(timeZone);
u8g2.print(")");}else{
u8g2.print("当前时间(UTC");
u8g2.print(timeZone);
u8g2.print(")");}}else
u8g2.print("无网络!");//如果上次对时失败，则会显示无网络
String currentTime ="";if(hours <10)
currentTime +=0;
currentTime += hours;
currentTime +=":";if(minutes <10)
currentTime +=0;
currentTime += minutes;
currentTime +=":";if(seconds <10)
currentTime +=0;
currentTime += seconds;
String currentDay ="";
currentDay += years;
currentDay +="/";if(months <10)
currentDay +=0;
currentDay += months;
currentDay +="/";if(days <10)
currentDay +=0;
currentDay += days;
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_logisoso24_tr);
u8g2.setCursor(0,44);
u8g2.print(currentTime);
u8g2.setCursor(0,61);
u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_unifont_t_chinese2);
u8g2.print(currentDay);
u8g2.drawXBM(80,48,16,16, xing);
u8g2.setCursor(95,62);
u8g2.print("期");if(weekdays ==1)
u8g2.print("日");elseif(weekdays ==2)
u8g2.print("一");elseif(weekdays ==3)
u8g2.print("二");elseif(weekdays ==4)
u8g2.print("三");elseif(weekdays ==5)
u8g2.print("四");elseif(weekdays ==6)
u8g2.print("五");elseif(weekdays ==7)
u8g2.drawXBM(111,49,16,16, liu);
u8g2.sendBuffer();}
*代码参考：太极创客、b站会飞的阿卡林
五、成果展示
写在最后
存在的问题（BUG）：
1、温度没有强制转换为两位数，影响观感。
2、由于未知原因，长时间断网后画面切换会发生卡顿，希望广大网友能帮助我解决这个问题。
本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44668788/article/details/120643078
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版权归原作者 下雪还是下雨 所有， 如有侵权，请联系我们删除。