Django rest_framework中PrimaryKeyRelatedField疑惑点解决

CSDN话题挑战赛第2期
参赛话题：学习笔记

案例:以项目表、接口表、用例表、配置表为例

模型类

项目模型类

classProjects(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField('项目名称', max_length=200, unique=True, help_text='项目名称')
    leader = models.CharField('负责人', max_length=50, help_text='项目负责人')
    tester = models.CharField('测试人员', max_length=50, help_text='项目测试人员')
    programmer = models.CharField('开发人员', max_length=50, help_text='开发人员')
    publish_app = models.CharField('发布应用', max_length=100, help_text='发布应用')
    desc = models.CharField('简要描述', max_length=200, null=True, blank=True, default='', help_text='简要描述')classMeta:
        db_table ='tb_projects'
        verbose_name ='项目信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        ordering =('id',)def__str__(self):return self.name

接口模型类

classInterfaces(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField('接口名称', max_length=200, unique=True, help_text='接口名称')
    project = models.ForeignKey('projects.Projects', on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                                related_name='interfaces', help_text='所属项目')
    tester = models.CharField('测试人员', max_length=50, help_text='测试人员')
    desc = models.CharField('简要描述', max_length=200, null=True, blank=True, help_text='简要描述')classMeta:
        db_table ='tb_interfaces'
        verbose_name ='接口信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        ordering =('id',)def__str__(self):return self.name

用例模型类

classTestcases(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField('用例名称', max_length=50, unique=True, help_text='用例名称')
    interface = models.ForeignKey('interfaces.Interfaces', on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                                  help_text='所属接口')
    include = models.TextField('前置', null=True, help_text='用例执行前置顺序')
    author = models.CharField('编写人员', max_length=50, help_text='编写人员')
    request = models.TextField('请求信息', help_text='请求信息')classMeta:
        db_table ='tb_testcases'
        verbose_name ='用例信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        ordering =('id',)def__str__(self):return self.name

配置模型类

classConfigures(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField('配置名称', max_length=50, help_text='配置名称')
    interface = models.ForeignKey('interfaces.Interfaces',
                                  on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                                  related_name='configures',
                                  help_text='所属接口')
    author = models.CharField('编写人员', max_length=50, help_text='编写人员')
    request = models.TextField('请求信息', help_text='请求信息')classMeta:
        db_table ='tb_configures'
        verbose_name ='配置信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        ordering =('id',)def__str__(self):return self.name

需求1:获取接口的列表数据时,需要输出项目名称;创建接口时需要传递项目的id

🔥🔥🔥特别注意1:

当使用PrimaryKeyRelatedField进行反序列输入操作时,要指定查询集,目的是进行校验

🔥🔥🔥特别注意2:

序列化和反序列化操作时,当从表获取父表的数据,序列化字段定义只能用2种方法project和project_id:
interfaces_obj.project_id
interfaces_obj.project.id

🔥🔥🔥特别注意3

PrimaryKeyRelatedField:在进行反序列输入时,传递的参数是id,但是在序列化输入完成后转化为模型对象了,所以在创建数据时需要处理下,

怎么处理?
1.可以在调用create()方法前对validated_data进行处理,
2.或者在对字段校验前调用to_internal_value(data)方法处理,在字段进行校验前最开始执行的方法

序列化器类设计

classInterfaceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    project=serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True,label='项目名称',help_text='项目名称')
    project_id=serializer.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Projects.objects.all(),label='项目id',help_text='项目id',)classMeta:
        model=Interfaces
        fields=['update_time']
        extra_kwargs={"update_time":{"format":"%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S"},"create_time":{"read_only":True,"format":"%Y年%m月%d日 %H:%M:%S"}}defto_internal_value(self,data):
        response=super().to_internal_value(data)
        response['project_id']=response.get('project_id').idreturn response
    
    #或者defto_internal_value(self,data):
        response=super().to_internal_value(data)
        response['project']=response.pop('project_id')return response

需求2:获取接口下的所有用例数据

🔥🔥🔥特别注意4

接口表和用例表的映射关系为一对多
当主表获取从表的数据是,默认使用模型类名小写_set
当从表的外键字段中设置了related_name选项时,需要用related_name指定的名称

classTestcaseNameSerializer(ModelSerializer):classMeta:
        model=Testcases
        fields=['id','name']classInterfaceTestcaseSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    testcases_set=TestcaseNameSerializer(label='接口下的用例',
                                     help_text='接口下的用例',
                                     read_only=True,
                                     many=True)classMeta:
        model=Interfaces
        fields=['testcases_set']

需求3:获取接口下的所有配置数据

classInterfaceConfigureSerializer(ModelSerializer):classMeta:
        model=Configures
        fields=['id','name']classInterfaceConfigureSerializer1(ModelSerializer):
    configures=InterfaceConfigureSerializer(many=True,read_only=True)classMeta:
        model=Interfaces
        fields=['configures']

视图设计

@action(methods=['GET'],detail=True)defconfigs(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        response=super().retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
        response.data=response.data.get('configures')return response

    @action(methods=['GET'],detail=True)deftestcases(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        response=super().retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
        response.data=response.data.get('testcases_set')return response