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Three.js+GeoJSON实现三维地图显示

1.GeoJSON

1.1 GeoJSON介绍

GeoJSON是一种对各种地理数据结构进行编码的格式,基于Javascript对象表示法(JavaScript Object Notation, 简称JSON)的地理空间信息数据交换格式。GeoJSON对象可以表示几何、特征或者特征集合。GeoJSON支持下面几何类型:点、线、面、多点、多线、多面和几何集合。GeoJSON里的特征包含一个几何对象和其他属性,特征集合表示一系列特征。

{
  "type": "Feature",
  "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [125.6, 10.1]
  },
  "properties": {
    "name": "Dinagat Islands"
  }
}

一个完整的GeoJSON数据结构总是一个(JSON术语里的)对象。在GeoJSON里,对象由名/值对--也称作成员的集合组成。对每个成员来说,名字总是字符串。成员的值要么是字符串、数字、对象、数组,要么是下面文本常量中的一个:"true","false"和"null"。数组的值是上面所说的元素组成。

GeoJSON总是由一个单独的对象组成。这个对象(指的是下面的GeoJSON对象)表示几何、特征或者特征集合。

GeoJSON对象可能有任何数目成员(名/值对)。

GeoJSON对象必须有一个名字为"type"的成员。这个成员的值是由GeoJSON对象的类型所确定的字符串。

type成员的值必须是下面之一:"Point", "MultiPoint", "LineString", "MultiLineString", "Polygon", "MultiPolygon", "GeometryCollection", "Feature", 或者 "FeatureCollection"。

GeoJSON对象可能有一个可选的"crs"成员,它的值必须是一个坐标参考系统的对象。

GeoJSON对象可能有一个"bbox"成员,它的值必须是边界框数组。

GeoJSON特征集合:

{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "features": [{
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [102.0, 0.5]
            },
            "properties": {
                "prop0": "value0"
            }
        }, {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "LineString",
                "coordinates": [[102.0, 0.0], [103.0, 1.0], [104.0, 0.0], [105.0, 1.0]]
            },
            "properties": {
                "prop0": "value0",
                "prop1": 0.0
            }
        }, {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Polygon",
                "coordinates": [[100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0], [100.0, 1.0], [100.0, 0.0]]
            },
            "properties": {
                "prop0": "value0",
                "prop1": {
                    "this": "that"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}

1.2 GeoJSON数据获取

可以通过阿里云DataV获取GeoJSON数据,也可以在其他地理信息平台获取数据并转换为GeoJson数据:
DataV.GeoAtlas地理小工具系列由阿里云DataV数据可视化团队出品,多年深耕数据可视化领域,数据大屏业务开拓者和领航者。致力用震撼而清晰的视觉语言,让更多人读懂大数据,受惠数据驱动的决策方式。http://datav.aliyun.com/portal/school/atlas/area_selector#&lat=33.521903996156105&lng=104.29849999999999&zoom=4![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/42b1b62eee784fa9901f16edbb650ff8.png)

2. Three加载GeoJSON数据

2.1 加载并解析GeoJSON

使用Three提供的FileLoader加载数据并对JSON数据进行解析:

const loader = new THREE.FileLoader();
loader.load("https://geo.datav.aliyun.com/areas_v3/bound/100000_full.json", (data) => {
  console.log(data);
  const jsonData = JSON.parse(data);
  operationData(jsonData);
  console.log(jsonData);
});

控制台输出如下:

2.2 对JSON数据中的地理坐标进行转换

安装d3并使用该插件将地理坐标转换为Three所支持的xyz坐标系:

1)d3.js安装

yarn add d3
or
npm install d3

2)导入d3

import * as d3 from "d3";

3)使用d3转换坐标

// 以经纬度116,39为中心,进行投影的函数转换函数
const projection1 = d3.geoMercator().center([116, 39]).translate([0, 0, 0]);

2.3 操作数据并生成三维地图

function operationData(jsondata) {
  // 全国信息
  const features = jsondata.features;

  features.forEach((feature) => {
    // 单个省份 对象
    const province = new THREE.Object3D();
    // 地址
    province.properties = feature.properties.name;
    const coordinates = feature.geometry.coordinates;
    const color = "#99ff99";

    if (feature.geometry.type === "MultiPolygon") {
      // 多个,多边形
      coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
        // console.log(coordinate);
        // coordinate 多边形数据
        coordinate.forEach((rows) => {
          const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(rows, color, projection1);
          const line = lineDraw(rows, color, projection1);
          // 唯一标识
          mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;

          province.add(line);
          province.add(mesh);
        });
      });
    }

    if (feature.geometry.type === "Polygon") {
      // 多边形
      coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
        const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(coordinate, color, projection1);
        const line = lineDraw(coordinate, color, projection1);
        // 唯一标识
        mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;

        province.add(line);
        province.add(mesh);
      });
    }
    map.add(province);
  });
  scene.add(map);
}

function lineDraw(polygon, color, projection) {
  const lineGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  const pointsArray = new Array();
  polygon.forEach((row) => {
    const [x, y] = projection(row);
    // 创建三维点
    pointsArray.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, -y, 9));
  });
  // 放入多个点
  lineGeometry.setFromPoints(pointsArray);
  // 生成随机颜色
  const lineColor = new THREE.Color(
    Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
    Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
    Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5
  );

  const lineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
    color: lineColor,
  });
  return new THREE.Line(lineGeometry, lineMaterial);
}

// 根据经纬度坐标生成物体
function drawExtrudeMesh(polygon, color, projection) {
  const shape = new THREE.Shape();
  // console.log(polygon, projection);
  polygon.forEach((row, i) => {
    const [x, y] = projection(row);
    // console.log(row, [x, y]);
    if (i === 0) {
      // 创建起点,使用moveTo方法
      // 因为计算出来的y是反过来,所以要进行颠倒
      shape.moveTo(x, -y);
    }
    shape.lineTo(x, -y);
  });

  // 拉伸
  const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
    depth: 5,
    bevelEnabled: true,
  });

  // 随机颜色
  const randomColor = (0.5 + Math.random() * 0.5) * 0xffffff;
  const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: randomColor,
    transparent: true,
    opacity: 0.5,
  });
  return new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
}

实现效果:

2.4 添加点击事件实现点击地图切换颜色

// 监听鼠标
window.addEventListener("click", onRay);
// 全局对象
let lastPick = null;
function onRay(event) {
  let pickPosition = setPickPosition(event);
  const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
  raycaster.setFromCamera(pickPosition, camera);
  // 计算物体和射线的交点
  const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects([map], true);
  // 数组大于0 表示有相交对象
  if (intersects.length > 0) {
    if (lastPick) {
      if (lastPick.object.properties !== intersects[0].object.properties) {
        lastPick.object.material.color.set("#99ff99");
        lastPick = null;
      }
    }
    if (intersects[0].object.properties) {
      intersects[0].object.material.color.set("red");
    }
    lastPick = intersects[0];
  } else {
    if (lastPick) {
      // 复原
      if (lastPick.object.properties) {
        lastPick.object.material.color.set("yellow");
        lastPick = null;
      }
    }
  }
}

/**
 * 获取鼠标在three.js 中归一化坐标
 * */
function setPickPosition(event) {
  let pickPosition = { x: 0, y: 0 };
  // 计算后 以画布 开始为 (0,0)点
  const pos = getCanvasRelativePosition(event);
  // 数据归一化
  pickPosition.x = (pos.x / canvas.width) * 2 - 1;
  pickPosition.y = (pos.y / canvas.height) * -2 + 1;
  return pickPosition;
}

// 计算 以画布 开始为(0,0)点 的鼠标坐标
function getCanvasRelativePosition(event) {
  const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
  return {
    x: ((event.clientX - rect.left) * canvas.width) / rect.width,
    y: ((event.clientY - rect.top) * canvas.height) / rect.height,
  };
}

实现效果:

2.5 main.js源码

import * as THREE from "three";
import { OrbitControls } from "three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls";
import * as d3 from "d3";
import Stats from "three/examples/jsm/libs/stats.module.js";

const stats = new Stats();
document.body.appendChild(stats.dom);
// console.log(THREE);
// 初始化场景
const scene = new THREE.Scene();

// console.log(d3);
// 创建透视相机
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
  90,
  window.innerHeight / window.innerHeight,
  0.1,
  100000
);
// 设置相机位置
// object3d具有position,属性是1个3维的向量
camera.position.set(0, 0, 1000);
// 更新摄像头
camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
//   更新摄像机的投影矩阵
camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
scene.add(camera);

// 加入辅助轴,帮助我们查看3维坐标轴
const axesHelper = new THREE.AxesHelper(5);
scene.add(axesHelper);

// 加载纹理
const map = new THREE.Object3D();

const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.5);
scene.add(directionalLight);
const light = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.5); // soft white light
scene.add(light);
// 初始化渲染器
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ alpha: true });
// renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
// renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.BasicShadowMap;
// renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.VSMShadowMap;

// 设置渲染尺寸大小
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

// 监听屏幕大小改变的变化,设置渲染的尺寸
window.addEventListener("resize", () => {
  //   console.log("resize");
  // 更新摄像头
  camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
  //   更新摄像机的投影矩阵
  camera.updateProjectionMatrix();

  //   更新渲染器
  renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
  //   设置渲染器的像素比例
  renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);
});

// 将渲染器添加到body
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
const canvas = renderer.domElement;

// 初始化控制器
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
// 设置控制器阻尼
controls.enableDamping = true;
// 设置自动旋转
// controls.autoRotate = true;

const clock = new THREE.Clock();
function animate(t) {
  controls.update();
  stats.update();
  const deltaTime = clock.getDelta();

  requestAnimationFrame(animate);
  // 使用渲染器渲染相机看这个场景的内容渲染出来
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
}

animate();

// 创建纹理加载器对象
const textureLoader = new THREE.TextureLoader();

const loader = new THREE.FileLoader();
loader.load("https://geo.datav.aliyun.com/areas_v3/bound/100000_full.json", (data) => {
  //console.log(data);
  const jsonData = JSON.parse(data);
  operationData(jsonData);
  console.log(jsonData);
});
// 以经纬度116,39为中心,进行投影的函数转换函数
const projection1 = d3.geoMercator().center([116, 39]).translate([0, 0, 0]);

function operationData(jsondata) {
  // 全国信息
  const features = jsondata.features;

  features.forEach((feature) => {
    // 单个省份 对象
    const province = new THREE.Object3D();
    // 地址
    province.properties = feature.properties.name;
    const coordinates = feature.geometry.coordinates;
    const color = "#99ff99";

    if (feature.geometry.type === "MultiPolygon") {
      // 多个,多边形
      coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
        // console.log(coordinate);
        // coordinate 多边形数据
        coordinate.forEach((rows) => {
          const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(rows, color, projection1);
          const line = lineDraw(rows, color, projection1);
          // 唯一标识
          mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;

          province.add(line);
          province.add(mesh);
        });
      });
    }

    if (feature.geometry.type === "Polygon") {
      // 多边形
      coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
        const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(coordinate, color, projection1);
        const line = lineDraw(coordinate, color, projection1);
        // 唯一标识
        mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;

        province.add(line);
        province.add(mesh);
      });
    }
    map.add(province);
  });
  scene.add(map);
}

function lineDraw(polygon, color, projection) {
  const lineGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
  const pointsArray = new Array();
  polygon.forEach((row) => {
    const [x, y] = projection(row);
    // 创建三维点
    pointsArray.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, -y, 9));
  });
  // 放入多个点
  lineGeometry.setFromPoints(pointsArray);
  // 生成随机颜色
  const lineColor = new THREE.Color(
    Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
    Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
    Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5
  );

  const lineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
    color: lineColor,
  });
  return new THREE.Line(lineGeometry, lineMaterial);
}

// 根据经纬度坐标生成物体
function drawExtrudeMesh(polygon, color, projection) {
  const shape = new THREE.Shape();
  // console.log(polygon, projection);
  polygon.forEach((row, i) => {
    const [x, y] = projection(row);
    // console.log(row, [x, y]);
    if (i === 0) {
      // 创建起点,使用moveTo方法
      // 因为计算出来的y是反过来,所以要进行颠倒
      shape.moveTo(x, -y);
    }
    shape.lineTo(x, -y);
  });

  // 拉伸
  const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
    depth: 5,
    bevelEnabled: true,
  });

  // 随机颜色
  const randomColor = (0.5 + Math.random() * 0.5) * 0xffffff;
  const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
    color: randomColor,
    transparent: true,
    opacity: 0.5,
  });
  return new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
}

// 监听鼠标
window.addEventListener("click", onRay);
// 全局对象
let lastPick = null;
function onRay(event) {
  let pickPosition = setPickPosition(event);
  const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
  raycaster.setFromCamera(pickPosition, camera);
  // 计算物体和射线的交点
  const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects([map], true);
  // 数组大于0 表示有相交对象
  if (intersects.length > 0) {
    if (lastPick) {
      if (lastPick.object.properties !== intersects[0].object.properties) {
        lastPick.object.material.color.set("#99ff99");
        lastPick = null;
      }
    }
    if (intersects[0].object.properties) {
      intersects[0].object.material.color.set("red");
    }
    lastPick = intersects[0];
  } else {
    if (lastPick) {
      // 复原
      if (lastPick.object.properties) {
        lastPick.object.material.color.set("yellow");
        lastPick = null;
      }
    }
  }
}

/**
 * 获取鼠标在three.js 中归一化坐标
 * */
function setPickPosition(event) {
  let pickPosition = { x: 0, y: 0 };
  // 计算后 以画布 开始为 (0,0)点
  const pos = getCanvasRelativePosition(event);
  // 数据归一化
  pickPosition.x = (pos.x / canvas.width) * 2 - 1;
  pickPosition.y = (pos.y / canvas.height) * -2 + 1;
  return pickPosition;
}

// 计算 以画布 开始为(0,0)点 的鼠标坐标
function getCanvasRelativePosition(event) {
  const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
  return {
    x: ((event.clientX - rect.left) * canvas.width) / rect.width,
    y: ((event.clientY - rect.top) * canvas.height) / rect.height,
  };
}
标签: javascript three.js 3d

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/damadashen/article/details/126216716
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