1.GeoJSON
1.1 GeoJSON介绍
GeoJSON是一种对各种地理数据结构进行编码的格式,基于Javascript对象表示法(JavaScript Object Notation, 简称JSON)的地理空间信息数据交换格式。GeoJSON对象可以表示几何、特征或者特征集合。GeoJSON支持下面几何类型:点、线、面、多点、多线、多面和几何集合。GeoJSON里的特征包含一个几何对象和其他属性,特征集合表示一系列特征。
{
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [125.6, 10.1]
},
"properties": {
"name": "Dinagat Islands"
}
}
一个完整的GeoJSON数据结构总是一个(JSON术语里的)对象。在GeoJSON里,对象由名/值对--也称作成员的集合组成。对每个成员来说,名字总是字符串。成员的值要么是字符串、数字、对象、数组,要么是下面文本常量中的一个:"true","false"和"null"。数组的值是上面所说的元素组成。
GeoJSON总是由一个单独的对象组成。这个对象(指的是下面的GeoJSON对象)表示几何、特征或者特征集合。
GeoJSON对象可能有任何数目成员(名/值对)。
GeoJSON对象必须有一个名字为"type"的成员。这个成员的值是由GeoJSON对象的类型所确定的字符串。
type成员的值必须是下面之一:"Point", "MultiPoint", "LineString", "MultiLineString", "Polygon", "MultiPolygon", "GeometryCollection", "Feature", 或者 "FeatureCollection"。
GeoJSON对象可能有一个可选的"crs"成员,它的值必须是一个坐标参考系统的对象。
GeoJSON对象可能有一个"bbox"成员,它的值必须是边界框数组。
GeoJSON特征集合:
{
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [{
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [102.0, 0.5]
},
"properties": {
"prop0": "value0"
}
}, {
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "LineString",
"coordinates": [[102.0, 0.0], [103.0, 1.0], [104.0, 0.0], [105.0, 1.0]]
},
"properties": {
"prop0": "value0",
"prop1": 0.0
}
}, {
"type": "Feature",
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [[100.0, 0.0], [101.0, 0.0], [101.0, 1.0], [100.0, 1.0], [100.0, 0.0]]
},
"properties": {
"prop0": "value0",
"prop1": {
"this": "that"
}
}
}
]
}
1.2 GeoJSON数据获取
可以通过阿里云DataV获取GeoJSON数据,也可以在其他地理信息平台获取数据并转换为GeoJson数据:
DataV.GeoAtlas地理小工具系列由阿里云DataV数据可视化团队出品,多年深耕数据可视化领域,数据大屏业务开拓者和领航者。致力用震撼而清晰的视觉语言,让更多人读懂大数据,受惠数据驱动的决策方式。http://datav.aliyun.com/portal/school/atlas/area_selector#&lat=33.521903996156105&lng=104.29849999999999&zoom=4![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/42b1b62eee784fa9901f16edbb650ff8.png)
2. Three加载GeoJSON数据
2.1 加载并解析GeoJSON
使用Three提供的FileLoader加载数据并对JSON数据进行解析:
const loader = new THREE.FileLoader();
loader.load("https://geo.datav.aliyun.com/areas_v3/bound/100000_full.json", (data) => {
console.log(data);
const jsonData = JSON.parse(data);
operationData(jsonData);
console.log(jsonData);
});
控制台输出如下:
2.2 对JSON数据中的地理坐标进行转换
安装d3并使用该插件将地理坐标转换为Three所支持的xyz坐标系:
1)d3.js安装
yarn add d3
or
npm install d3
2)导入d3
import * as d3 from "d3";
3)使用d3转换坐标
// 以经纬度116,39为中心,进行投影的函数转换函数
const projection1 = d3.geoMercator().center([116, 39]).translate([0, 0, 0]);
2.3 操作数据并生成三维地图
function operationData(jsondata) {
// 全国信息
const features = jsondata.features;
features.forEach((feature) => {
// 单个省份 对象
const province = new THREE.Object3D();
// 地址
province.properties = feature.properties.name;
const coordinates = feature.geometry.coordinates;
const color = "#99ff99";
if (feature.geometry.type === "MultiPolygon") {
// 多个,多边形
coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
// console.log(coordinate);
// coordinate 多边形数据
coordinate.forEach((rows) => {
const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(rows, color, projection1);
const line = lineDraw(rows, color, projection1);
// 唯一标识
mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;
province.add(line);
province.add(mesh);
});
});
}
if (feature.geometry.type === "Polygon") {
// 多边形
coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(coordinate, color, projection1);
const line = lineDraw(coordinate, color, projection1);
// 唯一标识
mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;
province.add(line);
province.add(mesh);
});
}
map.add(province);
});
scene.add(map);
}
function lineDraw(polygon, color, projection) {
const lineGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
const pointsArray = new Array();
polygon.forEach((row) => {
const [x, y] = projection(row);
// 创建三维点
pointsArray.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, -y, 9));
});
// 放入多个点
lineGeometry.setFromPoints(pointsArray);
// 生成随机颜色
const lineColor = new THREE.Color(
Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5
);
const lineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
color: lineColor,
});
return new THREE.Line(lineGeometry, lineMaterial);
}
// 根据经纬度坐标生成物体
function drawExtrudeMesh(polygon, color, projection) {
const shape = new THREE.Shape();
// console.log(polygon, projection);
polygon.forEach((row, i) => {
const [x, y] = projection(row);
// console.log(row, [x, y]);
if (i === 0) {
// 创建起点,使用moveTo方法
// 因为计算出来的y是反过来,所以要进行颠倒
shape.moveTo(x, -y);
}
shape.lineTo(x, -y);
});
// 拉伸
const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
depth: 5,
bevelEnabled: true,
});
// 随机颜色
const randomColor = (0.5 + Math.random() * 0.5) * 0xffffff;
const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
color: randomColor,
transparent: true,
opacity: 0.5,
});
return new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
}
实现效果:
2.4 添加点击事件实现点击地图切换颜色
// 监听鼠标
window.addEventListener("click", onRay);
// 全局对象
let lastPick = null;
function onRay(event) {
let pickPosition = setPickPosition(event);
const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
raycaster.setFromCamera(pickPosition, camera);
// 计算物体和射线的交点
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects([map], true);
// 数组大于0 表示有相交对象
if (intersects.length > 0) {
if (lastPick) {
if (lastPick.object.properties !== intersects[0].object.properties) {
lastPick.object.material.color.set("#99ff99");
lastPick = null;
}
}
if (intersects[0].object.properties) {
intersects[0].object.material.color.set("red");
}
lastPick = intersects[0];
} else {
if (lastPick) {
// 复原
if (lastPick.object.properties) {
lastPick.object.material.color.set("yellow");
lastPick = null;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 获取鼠标在three.js 中归一化坐标
* */
function setPickPosition(event) {
let pickPosition = { x: 0, y: 0 };
// 计算后 以画布 开始为 (0,0)点
const pos = getCanvasRelativePosition(event);
// 数据归一化
pickPosition.x = (pos.x / canvas.width) * 2 - 1;
pickPosition.y = (pos.y / canvas.height) * -2 + 1;
return pickPosition;
}
// 计算 以画布 开始为(0,0)点 的鼠标坐标
function getCanvasRelativePosition(event) {
const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return {
x: ((event.clientX - rect.left) * canvas.width) / rect.width,
y: ((event.clientY - rect.top) * canvas.height) / rect.height,
};
}
实现效果:
2.5 main.js源码
import * as THREE from "three";
import { OrbitControls } from "three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls";
import * as d3 from "d3";
import Stats from "three/examples/jsm/libs/stats.module.js";
const stats = new Stats();
document.body.appendChild(stats.dom);
// console.log(THREE);
// 初始化场景
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
// console.log(d3);
// 创建透视相机
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
90,
window.innerHeight / window.innerHeight,
0.1,
100000
);
// 设置相机位置
// object3d具有position,属性是1个3维的向量
camera.position.set(0, 0, 1000);
// 更新摄像头
camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
// 更新摄像机的投影矩阵
camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
scene.add(camera);
// 加入辅助轴,帮助我们查看3维坐标轴
const axesHelper = new THREE.AxesHelper(5);
scene.add(axesHelper);
// 加载纹理
const map = new THREE.Object3D();
const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.5);
scene.add(directionalLight);
const light = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.5); // soft white light
scene.add(light);
// 初始化渲染器
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ alpha: true });
// renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
// renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.BasicShadowMap;
// renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.VSMShadowMap;
// 设置渲染尺寸大小
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
// 监听屏幕大小改变的变化,设置渲染的尺寸
window.addEventListener("resize", () => {
// console.log("resize");
// 更新摄像头
camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
// 更新摄像机的投影矩阵
camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
// 更新渲染器
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
// 设置渲染器的像素比例
renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio);
});
// 将渲染器添加到body
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
const canvas = renderer.domElement;
// 初始化控制器
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
// 设置控制器阻尼
controls.enableDamping = true;
// 设置自动旋转
// controls.autoRotate = true;
const clock = new THREE.Clock();
function animate(t) {
controls.update();
stats.update();
const deltaTime = clock.getDelta();
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
// 使用渲染器渲染相机看这个场景的内容渲染出来
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
animate();
// 创建纹理加载器对象
const textureLoader = new THREE.TextureLoader();
const loader = new THREE.FileLoader();
loader.load("https://geo.datav.aliyun.com/areas_v3/bound/100000_full.json", (data) => {
//console.log(data);
const jsonData = JSON.parse(data);
operationData(jsonData);
console.log(jsonData);
});
// 以经纬度116,39为中心,进行投影的函数转换函数
const projection1 = d3.geoMercator().center([116, 39]).translate([0, 0, 0]);
function operationData(jsondata) {
// 全国信息
const features = jsondata.features;
features.forEach((feature) => {
// 单个省份 对象
const province = new THREE.Object3D();
// 地址
province.properties = feature.properties.name;
const coordinates = feature.geometry.coordinates;
const color = "#99ff99";
if (feature.geometry.type === "MultiPolygon") {
// 多个,多边形
coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
// console.log(coordinate);
// coordinate 多边形数据
coordinate.forEach((rows) => {
const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(rows, color, projection1);
const line = lineDraw(rows, color, projection1);
// 唯一标识
mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;
province.add(line);
province.add(mesh);
});
});
}
if (feature.geometry.type === "Polygon") {
// 多边形
coordinates.forEach((coordinate) => {
const mesh = drawExtrudeMesh(coordinate, color, projection1);
const line = lineDraw(coordinate, color, projection1);
// 唯一标识
mesh.properties = feature.properties.name;
province.add(line);
province.add(mesh);
});
}
map.add(province);
});
scene.add(map);
}
function lineDraw(polygon, color, projection) {
const lineGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
const pointsArray = new Array();
polygon.forEach((row) => {
const [x, y] = projection(row);
// 创建三维点
pointsArray.push(new THREE.Vector3(x, -y, 9));
});
// 放入多个点
lineGeometry.setFromPoints(pointsArray);
// 生成随机颜色
const lineColor = new THREE.Color(
Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5,
Math.random() * 0.5 + 0.5
);
const lineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({
color: lineColor,
});
return new THREE.Line(lineGeometry, lineMaterial);
}
// 根据经纬度坐标生成物体
function drawExtrudeMesh(polygon, color, projection) {
const shape = new THREE.Shape();
// console.log(polygon, projection);
polygon.forEach((row, i) => {
const [x, y] = projection(row);
// console.log(row, [x, y]);
if (i === 0) {
// 创建起点,使用moveTo方法
// 因为计算出来的y是反过来,所以要进行颠倒
shape.moveTo(x, -y);
}
shape.lineTo(x, -y);
});
// 拉伸
const geometry = new THREE.ExtrudeGeometry(shape, {
depth: 5,
bevelEnabled: true,
});
// 随机颜色
const randomColor = (0.5 + Math.random() * 0.5) * 0xffffff;
const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
color: randomColor,
transparent: true,
opacity: 0.5,
});
return new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
}
// 监听鼠标
window.addEventListener("click", onRay);
// 全局对象
let lastPick = null;
function onRay(event) {
let pickPosition = setPickPosition(event);
const raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
raycaster.setFromCamera(pickPosition, camera);
// 计算物体和射线的交点
const intersects = raycaster.intersectObjects([map], true);
// 数组大于0 表示有相交对象
if (intersects.length > 0) {
if (lastPick) {
if (lastPick.object.properties !== intersects[0].object.properties) {
lastPick.object.material.color.set("#99ff99");
lastPick = null;
}
}
if (intersects[0].object.properties) {
intersects[0].object.material.color.set("red");
}
lastPick = intersects[0];
} else {
if (lastPick) {
// 复原
if (lastPick.object.properties) {
lastPick.object.material.color.set("yellow");
lastPick = null;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 获取鼠标在three.js 中归一化坐标
* */
function setPickPosition(event) {
let pickPosition = { x: 0, y: 0 };
// 计算后 以画布 开始为 (0,0)点
const pos = getCanvasRelativePosition(event);
// 数据归一化
pickPosition.x = (pos.x / canvas.width) * 2 - 1;
pickPosition.y = (pos.y / canvas.height) * -2 + 1;
return pickPosition;
}
// 计算 以画布 开始为(0,0)点 的鼠标坐标
function getCanvasRelativePosition(event) {
const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
return {
x: ((event.clientX - rect.left) * canvas.width) / rect.width,
y: ((event.clientY - rect.top) * canvas.height) / rect.height,
};
}
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