Spring Boot 进行 MockMvc 单元测试的实例

在Spring Boot应用程序中，使用MockMvc进行单元测试是一种有效的方式，可以验证控制器的行为和API的正确性。在这篇博客中，我们将介绍如何使用MockMvc对用户控制器（UserController）进行测试，该控制器涉及用户信息的增删改查操作。

UserController测试类

package com.lfsun.mockmvc;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User;
import com.lfsun.mockmvc.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        // 在测试前初始化一些数据，或者使用Mockito进行一些mock设置
    }

    @Test
    public void getAllUsersTest() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/getAllUsers"))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$").isArray())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.length()").value(userService.getAllUsers().size()))
                .andDo(print());
    }

    @Test
    public void getUserByIdTest() throws Exception {
        Long userId = 1L;
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/user/getUserById/{userId}", userId))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.userId").value(userId))
                .andDo(print());
    }

    @Test
    public void addUserTest() throws Exception {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("testUser");
        user.setEmail("[email protected]");

        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/addUser")
                        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                        .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.username").value("testUser"))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email").value("[email protected]"))
                .andDo(print());
    }

    @Test
    public void updateUserTest() throws Exception {
        Long userId = 1L;
        User updatedUser = new User();
        updatedUser.setUserId(userId);
        updatedUser.setUsername("updatedUser");
        updatedUser.setEmail("[email protected]");

        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/user/updateUser")
                        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                        .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(updatedUser)))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.userId").value(userId))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.username").value("updatedUser"))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email").value("[email protected]"))
                .andDo(print());
    }

    @Test
    public void deleteUserTest() throws Exception {
        Long userId = 1L;
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/user/deleteUser/{userId}", userId))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print());
    }
}

解释和注意事项

1. MockMvc的注入：@Autowired 注解用于将MockMvc实例注入测试类中。
2. 数据初始化： 使用 @Before 注解的 setUp 方法，可以在测试前进行一些数据初始化或使用Mockito进行一些mock设置。
3. 测试方法： 每个测试方法使用MockMvc执行相应的HTTP请求，并使用断言验证控制器的响应是否符合预期。
4. 数据序列化：ObjectMapper 负责将对象序列化为JSON，以便在POST和PUT请求中传递。

以下附上完整代码

controller：

package com.lfsun.mockmvc.controller;

import com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User;
import com.lfsun.mockmvc.service.UserService;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户 Controller
 *
 * @author CL
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class UserController {

    private final UserService userService;

    // 查询所有用户
    @GetMapping("/getAllUsers")
    public List<User> getAllUsers() {
        return userService.getAllUsers();
    }

    // 根据用户ID查询用户
    @GetMapping("/getUserById/{userId}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long userId) {
        return userService.getUserById(userId);
    }

    // 添加用户
    @PostMapping("/addUser")
    public User addUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        return userService.addUser(user);
    }

    // 更新用户信息
    @PutMapping("/updateUser")
    public User updateUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        return userService.updateUser(user);
    }

    // 根据用户ID删除用户
    @DeleteMapping("/deleteUser/{userId}")
    public void deleteUser(@PathVariable Long userId) {
        userService.deleteUser(userId);
    }
}

service、serviceimpl

package com.lfsun.mockmvc.service;

import com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户 Service 接口
 */
public interface UserService {

    // 查询所有用户
    List<User> getAllUsers();

    // 根据用户ID查询用户
    User getUserById(Long userId);

    // 添加用户
    User addUser(User user);

    // 更新用户信息
    User updateUser(User user);

    // 根据用户ID删除用户
    void deleteUser(Long userId);
}

package com.lfsun.mockmvc.service.impl;

import com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User;
import com.lfsun.mockmvc.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.lfsun.mockmvc.service.UserService;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户 Service 实现类
 */
@Service
@AllArgsConstructor  // Lombok 自动生成构造函数
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private final UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public List<User> getAllUsers() {
        return userMapper.getAllUsers();
    }

    @Override
    public User getUserById(Long userId) {
        return userMapper.getUserById(userId);
    }

    @Override
    public User addUser(User user) {
        userMapper.addUser(user);
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public User updateUser(User user) {
        userMapper.updateUser(user);
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteUser(Long userId) {
        userMapper.deleteUser(userId);
    }
}

mapper

package com.lfsun.mockmvc.mapper;

import com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户 Mapper 接口
 */
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {

    List<User> getAllUsers();

    User getUserById(Long userId);

    void addUser(User user);

    void updateUser(User user);

    void deleteUser(Long userId);
}

实体类：

package com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private Long userId;
    private String username;
    private String email;

}

xml

<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.lfsun.mockmvc.mapper.UserMapper">

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User">
        <id column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="username" property="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="email" property="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

    <!-- 查询所有用户 -->
    <select id="getAllUsers" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        SELECT *
        FROM user;
    </select>

    <!-- 根据用户ID查询用户 -->
    <select id="getUserById" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="java.lang.Long">
        SELECT *
        FROM user
        WHERE user_id = #{userId};
    </select>

    <!-- 添加用户 -->
    <insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User">
        INSERT INTO user (username, email)
        VALUES (#{username}, #{email});
    </insert>

    <!-- 更新用户信息 -->
    <update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.lfsun.mockmvc.entity.User">
        UPDATE user
        SET username = #{username},
            email    = #{email}
        WHERE user_id = #{userId};
    </update>

    <!-- 根据用户ID删除用户 -->
    <delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="java.lang.Long">
        DELETE
        FROM user
        WHERE user_id = #{userId};
    </delete>

</mapper>

配置

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mockmvc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
    username: root
    password: 123321

mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:/mapper/*.xml  # 指定 MyBatis mapper 文件的位置
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true  # 配置驼峰命名规则

maven

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.14</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.lfsun</groupId>
    <artifactId>lfsun-study-mockmvc</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>lfsun-study-mockmvc</name>
    <description>lfsun-study-mockmvc</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.23</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>