学生信息后台管理系统(GUI)

一、目的

通过制作学生信息后台管理系统熟悉java中JDBC和CUI(图形用户接口)的使用。

二、实验工具

1.Eclipse IDE Version: 2020-12 (4.18.0)

2.mysql

3.Navicat Premium 15(数据库管理工具)

4.WindowBuilder(java图形用户界面插件)

具体下载和使用可以参考以下链接:

下载安装WindowBuilder插件教程_jay_musu的博客-CSDN博客

三、需求分析

学生信息后台管理系统，需要实现管理员通过此系统实现对学生信息的增、删、改、查，学生信息包括学号、姓名、年龄、性别、班级、年级等信息，同时，管理员还可以查看学生当前各科成绩的分数以及排名情况，并对其进行修改。除此之外，管理员可以管理课程信息、管理班级信息以及年级信息。

四、设计

本项目中，只是为了熟悉GUI的使用，为了效率则只实现部分功能。结构化设计只展示层次图、数据流图和实体图。其他的包括用例图、数据字典等可以自行按照需求去设计。

1.层次方框图

2.数据流图

只展示顶层图和部分0层图，其他的可自行根据项目去构建

a.顶层图

b.学生信息管理0层图

3. 实体类图

a.设计数据库表，需要满足以下三范式。

(1) 第一范式：所有关系中的每一个分量都必须是不可分割的数据项。第一范式是建立关系数据表的最基本的要求。

(2) 第二范式：满足第一范式的条件，并且每个非键属性都有整个键决定。

(3) 第三范式：满足第二范式，并且每个非键属性不依赖于其他非键属性值。

b.实体类图

c.关系模式

学生(学号，姓名，年龄，性别，班级)

课程(课程编号，课程名)

选课(选课编号，成绩，课程编号，学生学号)

班级(班级编号，班级名，年级编号)

年级(年级编号，年级名)

管理员(管理员编号，用户名，用户账号，用户密码)

五、代码实现

1.创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE `student_management`;

a.建管理员表

CREATE TABLE `student_management`.`admin`  (
  `admin_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '管理员ID',
  `admin_account` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '管理员账号',
  `admin_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '管理员名称',
  `admin_password` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '管理员密码',
  PRIMARY KEY (`admin_id`)
);

b.建学生表

CREATE TABLE `student_management`.`student`  (
  `student_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '学生学号',
  `student_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',
  `student_age` int NOT NULL COMMENT '学生年龄',
  `student_sex` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '学生性别',
  `student_class` int NOT NULL COMMENT '学生所属班级',
  PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`)
);

c.建课程表

CREATE TABLE `student_management`.`course`  (
  `course_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '课程ID',
  `course_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
  PRIMARY KEY (`course_id`)
);

d.建成绩表

CREATE TABLE `student_management`.`score`  (
  `score_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '成绩ID',
  `student_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '成绩对应的学生ID',
  `course_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '成绩所对应的课程ID',
  `grade` int NOT NULL COMMENT '成绩分数',
  PRIMARY KEY (`score_id`)
);

e.建班级表

CREATE TABLE `student_management`.`class`  (
  `class_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '班级ID',
  `class_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '班级名称',
  `class_year` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '班级所属年级',
  PRIMARY KEY (`class_id`)
);

f.建年级表

CREATE TABLE `student_management`.`year`  (
  `year_id` int NOT NULL COMMENT '年级ID',
  `class_year` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '年级',
  PRIMARY KEY (`year_id`)
);

适当的插入数据进行测试。

2.构建所需要的类

a.管理员类

package model;

public class Admin {
    private Integer adminId;//管理员ID
    private String adminAccount;//管理员账号
    private String adminName;//管理员姓名
    private String password;//管理员登录密码
    
    
    public Integer getAdminId() {
        return adminId;
    }
    public void setAdminId(Integer adminId) {
        this.adminId = adminId;
    }
    public String getAdminAccount() {
        return adminAccount;
    }
    public void setAdminAccount(String adminAccount) {
        this.adminAccount = adminAccount;
    }
    public String getAdminName() {
        return adminName;
    }
    public void setAdminName(String adminName) {
        this.adminName = adminName;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public Admin(Integer adminId, String adminAccount, String adminName, String password) {
        super();
        this.adminId = adminId;
        this.adminAccount = adminAccount;
        this.adminName = adminName;
        this.password = password;
    }
    public Admin() {
        super();
    }
    
    

}

b.学生信息类

package model;

public class Student {
    private Integer StudentId;//学生ID
    private String name;//学生姓名
    private Integer age;//学生年龄
    private String sex;//学生性别
    private String _class;//学生班级
    private String year;//学生年级
    public Integer getStudentId() {
        return StudentId;
    }
    public void setStudentId(Integer studentId) {
        StudentId = studentId;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public String get_class() {
        return _class;
    }
    public void set_class(String _class) {
        this._class = _class;
    }
    public String getYear() {
        return year;
    }
    public void setYear(String year) {
        this.year = year;
    }
    public Student(Integer studentId, String name, Integer age, String sex, String _class, String year) {
        super();
        StudentId = studentId;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
        this._class = _class;
        this.year = year;
    }
    public Student() {
        super();
    }
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((StudentId == null) ? 0 : StudentId.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((_class == null) ? 0 : _class.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((age == null) ? 0 : age.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((sex == null) ? 0 : sex.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((year == null) ? 0 : year.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Student other = (Student) obj;
        if (StudentId == null) {
            if (other.StudentId != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!StudentId.equals(other.StudentId))
            return false;
        if (_class == null) {
            if (other._class != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!_class.equals(other._class))
            return false;
        if (age == null) {
            if (other.age != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!age.equals(other.age))
            return false;
        if (name == null) {
            if (other.name != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!name.equals(other.name))
            return false;
        if (sex == null) {
            if (other.sex != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!sex.equals(other.sex))
            return false;
        if (year == null) {
            if (other.year != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!year.equals(other.year))
            return false;
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [StudentId=" + StudentId + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + ", _class="
                + _class + ", year=" + year + "]";
    }
    
    

}

c.学生成绩类

package model;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class StudentScore {
    private Integer rank;//排名
    private Integer studentId;//学生ID
    private String studentName;//学生姓名
    private String className;//学生班级
    private String yearName;//学生年级
    private Integer chinese;//语文成绩
    private Integer math;//数学成绩
    private Integer english;//英语成绩
    private Integer politics;//思政成绩
    private Integer TP;//总分
    private BigDecimal average;//平均分
    
    public Integer getRank() {
        return rank;
    }
    public void setRank(Integer rank) {
        this.rank = rank;
    }
    public Integer getStudentId() {
        return studentId;
    }
    public void setStudentId(Integer studentId) {
        this.studentId = studentId;
    }
    public String getStudentName() {
        return studentName;
    }
    public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
        this.studentName = studentName;
    }
    public String getClassName() {
        return className;
    }
    public void setClassName(String className) {
        this.className = className;
    }
    public String getYearName() {
        return yearName;
    }
    public void setYearName(String yearName) {
        this.yearName = yearName;
    }
    public Integer getChinese() {
        return chinese;
    }
    public void setChinese(Integer chinese) {
        this.chinese = chinese;
    }
    public Integer getMath() {
        return math;
    }
    public void setMath(Integer math) {
        this.math = math;
    }
    public Integer getEnglish() {
        return english;
    }
    public void setEnglish(Integer english) {
        this.english = english;
    }
    public Integer getPolitics() {
        return politics;
    }
    public void setPolitics(Integer politics) {
        this.politics = politics;
    }
    public Integer getTP() {
        return TP;
    }
    public void setTP(Integer tP) {
        TP = tP;
    }
    public BigDecimal getAverage() {
        return average;
    }
    public void setAverage(BigDecimal average) {
        this.average = average;
    }
    public StudentScore(Integer rank, Integer studentId, String studentName, String className, String yearName,
            Integer chinese, Integer math, Integer english, Integer politics, Integer tP, BigDecimal average) {
        super();
        this.rank = rank;
        this.studentId = studentId;
        this.studentName = studentName;
        this.className = className;
        this.yearName = yearName;
        this.chinese = chinese;
        this.math = math;
        this.english = english;
        this.politics = politics;
        TP = tP;
        this.average = average;
    }
    public StudentScore() {
        super();
    }
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((TP == null) ? 0 : TP.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((average == null) ? 0 : average.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((chinese == null) ? 0 : chinese.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((className == null) ? 0 : className.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((english == null) ? 0 : english.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((math == null) ? 0 : math.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((politics == null) ? 0 : politics.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((rank == null) ? 0 : rank.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((studentId == null) ? 0 : studentId.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((studentName == null) ? 0 : studentName.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((yearName == null) ? 0 : yearName.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        StudentScore other = (StudentScore) obj;
        if (TP == null) {
            if (other.TP != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!TP.equals(other.TP))
            return false;
        if (average == null) {
            if (other.average != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!average.equals(other.average))
            return false;
        if (chinese == null) {
            if (other.chinese != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!chinese.equals(other.chinese))
            return false;
        if (className == null) {
            if (other.className != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!className.equals(other.className))
            return false;
        if (english == null) {
            if (other.english != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!english.equals(other.english))
            return false;
        if (math == null) {
            if (other.math != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!math.equals(other.math))
            return false;
        if (politics == null) {
            if (other.politics != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!politics.equals(other.politics))
            return false;
        if (rank == null) {
            if (other.rank != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!rank.equals(other.rank))
            return false;
        if (studentId == null) {
            if (other.studentId != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!studentId.equals(other.studentId))
            return false;
        if (studentName == null) {
            if (other.studentName != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!studentName.equals(other.studentName))
            return false;
        if (yearName == null) {
            if (other.yearName != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!yearName.equals(other.yearName))
            return false;
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "StudentScore [rank=" + rank + ", studentId=" + studentId + ", studentName=" + studentName
                + ", className=" + className + ", yearName=" + yearName + ", chinese=" + chinese + ", math=" + math
                + ", english=" + english + ", politics=" + politics + ", TP=" + TP + ", average=" + average + "]";
    }
    
    
}

3.构建service功能

a.创建SelectService接口

添加项目需要的查询方法声明，实现如下:

package service;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import model.Admin;
import model.Student;

public interface SelectService {

    //查询管理员信息
    //验证管理员登录信息
    Admin selectAdminByAccount(String account) throws Exception;
    
    //按班级或年级获取学生信息
    ResultSet selectStudentByAny(String classId,String classYear) throws Exception;
    
    //获取所有年级
    List<String> selectAllYear() throws Exception;
    
    //按年级获取班级
    List<String> selectclassByYear(String year) throws Exception;
    
    
    //按年级获取年级ID
    Integer selectYearIdByYearName(String yearName) throws Exception;
    //按班级获取班级ID
    Integer selectClassIdByClassName(String className) throws Exception;
    
    //按学号查询学生信息
    Student selectStudentByStuId(Integer stuId) throws Exception;
    
    //通过班级查询年级
    String selectYearByClassName(String className) throws Exception;
    
    //模糊查询学生信息
    ResultSet selectStudentByKey(String key) throws Exception;
    
    //查询学生成绩并通过条件进行排名
    ResultSet selectStudentRankByKey(String key,String yearName,String className) throws Exception;
    
}

b.实现SelectService接口中的方法

package service;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import config.DatabaseConnection;
import model.Admin;
import model.Student;

public class SelectServiceImpl implements SelectService{
    
    public Admin selectAdminByAccount(String account) throws Exception {
        
        String sql = "select * from admin where admin_account = ? ";
        PreparedStatement preStmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().prepareStatement(sql);
        preStmt.setString(1, account);
        ResultSet result = preStmt.executeQuery();    
        
        Admin admin = null;
        while(result.next()) {
            admin = new Admin();
            admin.setAdminId(result.getInt("admin_id"));
            admin.setAdminAccount(result.getString("admin_account"));
            admin.setAdminName(result.getString("admin_name"));
            admin.setPassword(result.getString("admin_password"));
        }
        return admin;
    }

    @Override
    public ResultSet selectStudentByAny(String className, String classYear) throws Exception {
        String sql = "SELECT\r\n"
                + "    student.student_id,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_name,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_age,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_sex,\r\n"
                + "    class.class_name,\r\n"
                + "    `year`.class_year\r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + "    `year`\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN class ON `year`.year_id = class.class_year\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN student ON class.class_id = student.student_class \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "    1 = 1 ";
        
        if(className != null && !className.equals("")) {
            String str = "and class.class_name = " + "'" + className + "'\r\n";
            sql += str;
        }
        if(classYear != null && !classYear.equals("")) {
            String str = "and `year`.class_year = " +  "'" + classYear + "'\r\n";
            sql += str;
        }
        
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
//        ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//        
//        List<Student> stuList = new ArrayList<Student>();
//        while(result.next()) {
//            Student stu = new Student();
//            stu.setStudentId(result.getInt("student_id"));
//            stu.setName(result.getString("student_name"));
//            stu.setSex(result.getString("student_sex"));
//            stu.set_class(result.getString("class_name"));
//            stu.setYear(result.getString("class_year"));
//            stuList.add(stu);
//        }
        return stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> selectAllYear() throws Exception {
        String sql = "select class_year from `year`";
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        List<String> yearList = new ArrayList<String>();
        while(result.next()) {
            yearList.add(result.getString("class_year"));
        }
        return yearList;
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> selectclassByYear(String year) throws Exception {
        String sql ="SELECT\r\n"
                + "    class_name \r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + "    class\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN `year` ON `year`.year_id = class.class_year \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "    1 = 1 ";
        
        if(year != null && !year.equals("")) {
            String str = "AND `year`.class_year = " + "'" + year + "'";
            sql += str;
        }
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        
        List<String> classList = new ArrayList<String>();
        while(result.next()) {
            classList.add(result.getString("class_name"));
        }
        return classList;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer selectYearIdByYearName(String yearName) throws Exception {
        String sql = "SELECT year_id FROM `year` WHERE `year`.year_name = " + "'" + yearName + "'";
        
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        Integer yearId = null; 
        while(result.next()) {
            yearId = result.getInt("year_id");
        }
        return yearId;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer selectClassIdByClassName(String className) throws Exception {
        String sql = "SELECT class_id FROM `class` WHERE `class`.class_name = " + "'" + className + "'";
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        
        Integer classId = null; 
        while(result.next()) {
            classId = result.getInt("class_id");
        }
        return classId;
    }

    @Override
    public Student selectStudentByStuId(Integer stuId) throws Exception {
        String sql = "SELECT\r\n"
                + "    student.student_id,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_name,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_age,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_sex,\r\n"
                + "    class.class_name,\r\n"
                + "    `year`.class_year \r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + "    `year`\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN class ON `year`.year_id = class.class_year\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN student ON class.class_id = student.student_class \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "student.student_id = " + stuId;
        
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        Student stu = new Student();
        while(result.next()) {        
            stu.setStudentId(result.getInt("student_id"));
            stu.setName(result.getString("student_name"));
            stu.setSex(result.getString("student_sex"));
            stu.set_class(result.getString("class_name"));
            stu.setYear(result.getString("class_year"));
        }
        return stu;
    }

    @Override
    public String selectYearByClassName(String className) throws Exception {
        String sql = "SELECT\r\n"
                + "    `year`.class_year y \r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + "    class\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN `year` ON class.class_year = `year`.year_id \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "    class_name = '"+ className +"'";
        
        
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        String yearName = null;
        while(result.next()) {
            yearName = result.getString("y");
        }
        
        return yearName;
    }

    @Override
    public ResultSet selectStudentByKey(String key) throws Exception {
        String sql = "SELECT\r\n"
                + "    student.student_id,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_name,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_age,\r\n"
                + "    student.student_sex,\r\n"
                + "    class.class_name,\r\n"
                + "    `year`.class_year\r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + "    `year`\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN class ON `year`.year_id = class.class_year\r\n"
                + "    INNER JOIN student ON class.class_id = student.student_class \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "    1 = 1 ";
        
        if(key != null && !key.equals("")) {
            String str1 = "and class.class_name like " + "'%" + key + "%'\r\n";
            sql += str1;
            
            String str2 = "or `year`.class_year like " +  "'%" + key + "%'\r\n";
            sql += str2;
            
            String str3 = "or student.student_name like " +  "'%" + key + "%'\r\n";
            sql += str3;
        }
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
        return stmt.executeQuery(sql);
    }

    @Override
    public ResultSet selectStudentRankByKey(String key,String yearName,String className) throws Exception {
        String sql = "SELECT\r\n"
                + "    ROW_NUMBER() OVER () AS _rank,d.* \r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + "    (\r\n"
                + "SELECT\r\n"
                + "        c.student_id,\r\n"
                + "        c.student_name,\r\n"
                + "        c.class_name,\r\n"
                + "        c.class_year,\r\n"
                + "        CAST( c.`大学语文` AS SIGNED ) AS 大学语文,\r\n"
                + "        CAST( c.`思政` AS SIGNED ) AS 思政,\r\n"
                + "        CAST( c.`英语` AS SIGNED ) AS 英语,\r\n"
                + "        CAST( c.`高数` AS SIGNED ) AS 高数,\r\n"
                + "        CAST(( c.`大学语文` + c.`思政` + c.`英语` + c.`高数` ) AS SIGNED ) AS TP,\r\n"
                + "        CAST(((\r\n"
                + "                    c.`大学语文` + c.`思政` + c.`英语` + c.`高数` \r\n"
                + "                    ) / 4 \r\n"
                + "            ) AS DECIMAL ( 3, 1 )) AS average \r\n"
                + "    FROM\r\n"
                + "        (\r\n"
                + "        SELECT\r\n"
                + "            b.student_id,\r\n"
                + "            b.student_name,\r\n"
                + "            b.class_name,\r\n"
                + "            b.class_year,\r\n"
                + "            MAX( b.`大学语文` ) AS '大学语文',\r\n"
                + "            MAX( b.`思政` ) AS `思政`,\r\n"
                + "            MAX( b.`高数` ) AS `高数`,\r\n"
                + "            MAX( b.`英语` ) AS `英语` \r\n"
                + "        FROM\r\n"
                + "            (\r\n"
                + "            SELECT\r\n"
                + "                a.student_id,\r\n"
                + "                a.student_name,\r\n"
                + "                a.class_name,\r\n"
                + "                a.class_year,\r\n"
                + "            CASE\r\n"
                + "                    \r\n"
                + "                    WHEN a.course_name = '英语' THEN\r\n"
                + "                    a.grade ELSE '' \r\n"
                + "                END AS 英语,\r\n"
                + "            CASE\r\n"
                + "                    \r\n"
                + "                    WHEN a.course_name = '高数' THEN\r\n"
                + "                    a.grade ELSE '' \r\n"
                + "                END AS 高数,\r\n"
                + "            CASE\r\n"
                + "                    \r\n"
                + "                    WHEN a.course_name = '大学语文' THEN\r\n"
                + "                    a.grade ELSE '' \r\n"
                + "                END AS 大学语文,\r\n"
                + "            CASE\r\n"
                + "                    \r\n"
                + "                    WHEN a.course_name = '思政' THEN\r\n"
                + "                    a.grade ELSE '' \r\n"
                + "                END AS 思政 \r\n"
                + "            FROM\r\n"
                + "                (\r\n"
                + "                SELECT\r\n"
                + "                    student.student_id,\r\n"
                + "                    student.student_name,\r\n"
                + "                    course.course_name,\r\n"
                + "                    score.grade,\r\n"
                + "                    class.class_name,\r\n"
                + "                    `year`.class_year \r\n"
                + "                FROM\r\n"
                + "                    student\r\n"
                + "                    INNER JOIN score ON student.student_id = score.student_id\r\n"
                + "                    INNER JOIN course ON course.course_id = score.course_id\r\n"
                + "                    INNER JOIN class ON student.student_class = class.class_id\r\n"
                + "                    INNER JOIN `year` ON `year`.year_id = class.class_year \r\n"
                + "                ) a \r\n"
                + "            GROUP BY\r\n"
                + "                a.student_id,\r\n"
                + "                a.course_name \r\n"
                + "            ) b \r\n"
                + "        GROUP BY\r\n"
                + "            b.student_id \r\n"
                + "        ) c \r\n"
                + "    ) d \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "    1 = 1 \r\n";
        
        if(className != null && !className.equals("")) {
            sql += "and d.class_name = " + "'" + className + "'";
        }else {
            if(yearName != null && !yearName.equals("")){
                sql += "and d.class_year = " + "'" + yearName + "'";
            }else {
                sql += "and d.class_year = '大一'";//默认大一
            }
        }
                        
        sql += "\r\nORDER BY\r\n";    
        String str = "d.TP";
        
        if(key != null && !key.equals("")) {
            str = "d." + key;
        }
        sql += str + " DESC";
        
        
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
        
        ResultSet executeQuery = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        
        
        return executeQuery;
    }

}

项目没有实现课程管理，就以默认的课程来进行管理学生信息和成绩情况了。

查询时可以先在数据库管理软件中编写SQL查询语句进行查询，再直接复制进来。执行SQL语句有多种方法，可以通过Sring拼接的方法，也可以通过Sring的占位符去添加动态值，还可以通过PreparedStatement接口使用“?”占位符去实现动态查询。返回的值统一都为ResultSet，不过若是只有一行数据，可以直接在里面进行处理。

c.删除、增加、修改接口

删除接口

package service;

public interface DeleteService {

    void deleteStudentByStuId(Integer stuId) throws Exception;
}

增加接口

package service;

import model.Student;

public interface InsertService {
    
    void InsertStudent(String name,Integer age,String sex,String className) throws Exception;

}

修改接口

package service;

public interface UpdateService {
    
    //修改学生信息
    void updateStudent(Integer stuId,String StuName,String stuSex,Integer stuAge,Integer StuClassId) throws Exception;

}

d.实现接口方法

实现删除接口方法

package service;

import java.sql.Statement;

import config.DatabaseConnection;

public class DeleteServiceImpl implements DeleteService{
    
    public void deleteStudentByStuId(Integer stuId) throws Exception{
        //删除学生表中学生信息
        String sql = "DELETE \r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + "    student \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "    student_id = " + stuId;
        //删除成绩表中学生信息
        String sql1 = "DELETE \r\n"
                + "FROM\r\n"
                + " score \r\n"
                + "WHERE\r\n"
                + "    score.student_id = " + stuId;
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
        stmt.executeUpdate(sql1);
    }

}

实现增加接口方法

package service;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

import config.DatabaseConnection;
import model.Student;

public class InsertServiceImpl implements InsertService{

    //插入一条学生信息
    /*
     * 先通过年级和班级名字获取对应的Id
     * 再插入一条学生信息
     * 
     * */
    @Override
    public void InsertStudent(String name,Integer age,String sex,String className) throws Exception {
        Connection conn = DatabaseConnection.connection();
        
        SelectService service = new SelectServiceImpl();
        Integer classId = service.selectClassIdByClassName(className);
        
        String sql = "INSERT INTO student(student_name,student_age,student_sex,student_class) VALUES(?,?,?,?)";
        PreparedStatement preStmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        preStmt.setString(1,name);
        preStmt.setInt(2, age);
        preStmt.setString(3,sex);
        preStmt.setInt(4,classId);
        preStmt.executeUpdate();    
    }

}

实现修改接口方法

package service;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Statement;

import config.DatabaseConnection;

public class UpdateServiceImpl implements UpdateService{
    
    

    @Override
    public void updateStudent(Integer stuId,String stuName, String stuSex, Integer stuAge, Integer StuClassId) throws Exception {
        String sql = "UPDATE student SET\r\n";
        boolean isHave = false;//判断是否已经添加了修改的语句，如果是则后面的语句需要加上逗号
        
        
        if(stuName != null && !stuName.equals("")) {
            if(isHave) {
                sql += ",";
            }
            sql += "student_name = '" + stuName + "'"; 
            isHave = true;
        }
        
        if(stuAge != null && !stuAge.equals("")) {
            if(isHave) {
                sql += ",";
            }
            sql += "student_age = " + stuAge; 
            isHave = true;
        }
        
        if(stuSex != null && !stuSex.equals("")) {
            if(isHave) {
                sql += ",";
            }
            sql += "student_sex = '" + stuSex + "'"; 
            isHave = true;
        }
        
        if(StuClassId != null && !StuClassId.equals("")) {
            if(isHave) {
                sql += ",";
            }
            sql += "student_class = " + StuClassId; 
            isHave = true;
        }
        
        sql += "\r\nWHERE\r\n"
                + "student_id = " + stuId;
        Statement stmt = DatabaseConnection.connection().createStatement();
        stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
    }

}

4.连接数据库

创建一个config包，在里面添加一个静态类，负责连接数据库。

package config;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DatabaseConnection {
    
    public static Connection connection() throws Exception{
        
        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student_management?serverTimezone=UTC";// 注意设置时区，这个连接是8.0版本的mysql。
        String username = "root";
        String passwords = "root";
        Connection c = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, passwords);
        if (c != null) {
            System.out.println("数据库连接成功!");
        } else {
            System.out.println("数据库连接失败!");
        }
            
        return c;        
    } 

}

5.创建util包，负责一些工具

a.日期计算工具

package util;

import java.util.Calendar;

public class DataUtil {

    //获取年份数组
    public static Integer[] getYear() {
        Integer[] arr = new Integer[100];

        Calendar cal=Calendar.getInstance();      
        int last = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
        
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            arr[i] = last--;
        }
        return arr;
    }
    
    //获取月份数组
    public static Integer[] getMonth() {
        Integer[] arr = new Integer[12];
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            arr[i] = i + 1;
        }
        return arr;
    }
    
    //获取日期数组
    public static Integer[] getDays(Integer year,Integer month) {        
        int days = 0;
        switch (month) {
        case 1:
        case 3:
        case 5:
        case 7:
        case 8:
        case 10:
        case 12:days = 31;break;
        case 4:
        case 6:
        case 9:
        case 11:days = 30;break;
        case 2:days = ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0) ? 29 : 28;break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected value: " + month);
        }
        Integer[] arr = new Integer[days];
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            arr[i] = i + 1;
        }
        return arr;    
    }
    
    //通过出生日期获取年龄
    public static Integer getAge(Integer year,Integer month,Integer days) {
        
        Calendar cal=Calendar.getInstance();      
        int y=cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);      
        int m=cal.get(Calendar.MONTH);      
        int d=cal.get(Calendar.DATE);  

        if((m > month) || (m == month && d > days)) {
            return y - year;
        }else {
            return y - year - 1;
        }
    }
}

b.ResultSet转化为Object[][]的方法类

package util;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class ResultSetUtil {
    
    public static Object[][] getObjectArray(ResultSet rs) throws Exception{
        Object[][] data = null;
        rs.last();
        int rows = rs.getRow();
        data = new Object[rows][];  
        
        ResultSetMetaData md = rs.getMetaData();//获取记录集的元数据
        int columnCount = md.getColumnCount();//列数
        rs.first();
        int k = 0;
        do {
            Object[] row = new Object[columnCount];
            for(int i=0; i<columnCount; i++) {
                row[i] = rs.getObject(i+1).toString();
            }
            data[k] = row;
            k++;
        }while(rs.next());
        return data;
    }

}

c.List转化为数组的方法类

package util;

import java.util.List;

public class ListToArray {
    public static String[] getArray(List<String> list) {
        String[] arr = new String[list.size()];
        
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            arr[i] = list.get(i);
        }
        
        return arr;
    }

}

6.创建view包，存放窗体

a.管理员登录窗口

代码:

package view;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import model.Admin;
import service.SelectService;
import service.SelectServiceImpl;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import java.awt.Font;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import java.awt.Color;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.SystemColor;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;

public class Login extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JPasswordField txtPassword;
    private JTextField txtUserName;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Login frame = new Login();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public Login() {
        setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 450, 290);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBackground(new Color(47, 79, 79));
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));

        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("登录");
        lblNewLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        lblNewLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 18));
        lblNewLabel.setBounds(0, 0, 436, 71);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("用户名：");
        lblNewLabel_1.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        lblNewLabel_1.setIcon(null);
        lblNewLabel_1.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(81, 80, 58, 23);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_1);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("密    码：");
        lblNewLabel_2.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        lblNewLabel_2.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        lblNewLabel_2.setBounds(81, 131, 58, 23);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_2);
        
        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("登录");
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String userName = txtUserName.getText();
                String password = txtPassword.getText();
                
                if(userName.equals("") || password.equals("") || password.equals(null)) {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "用户名或密码为空!");
                }else {
                    Admin admin = null;
                    
                    SelectService select = new SelectServiceImpl();
                    try {
                        admin = select.selectAdminByAccount(userName);
                    } catch (Exception e1) {
                        // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    }    
                    if(admin != null) {
                        if(admin.getPassword().equals(password)) {
                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "登录成功!");
                            close();
                            new Management().setVisible(true);
                        }else {
                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "您输入的密码错误!");
                        }
                    }else {
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "您输入的账号错误!");
                    }
                }        
            }
        });
        btnNewButton.setFont(new Font("华文仿宋", Font.BOLD, 13));
        btnNewButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        btnNewButton.setBounds(168, 193, 97, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnNewButton);
        
        txtPassword = new JPasswordField();
        txtPassword.setBounds(149, 131, 164, 23);
        contentPane.add(txtPassword);
        
        txtUserName = new JTextField();
        txtUserName.setBounds(149, 81, 164, 21);
        contentPane.add(txtUserName);
        txtUserName.setColumns(10);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_3 = new JLabel("");
        lblNewLabel_3.setIcon(new ImageIcon("D:\\guigu\\homework\\student_anagement\\images\\user_icon_copy.png"));
        lblNewLabel_3.setBounds(64, 80, 14, 23);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_3);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_4 = new JLabel("");
        lblNewLabel_4.setIcon(new ImageIcon("D:\\guigu\\homework\\student_anagement\\images\\lock_icon_copy.png"));
        lblNewLabel_4.setBounds(64, 131, 14, 23);
        contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_4);
    }
    public void close() {
        this.setVisible(false);
    }
}

图形界面

b.学生管理窗口

代码：

package view;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JTabbedPane;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;

import model.Student;
import service.DeleteService;
import service.DeleteServiceImpl;
import service.SelectService;
import service.SelectServiceImpl;
import util.ListToArray;
import util.ResultSetUtil;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import java.awt.Font;

import javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement;
import java.awt.SystemColor;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.util.List;

import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;

public class Management extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField textField;
    private JTable table;
    
    private String className = null;
    private String classYear = null;
    
    private DeleteService delete = new DeleteServiceImpl();
    private JTable table_1;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Management frame = new Management();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public Management() {
        setResizable(false);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 764, 573);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));

        setContentPane(contentPane);
        
        JTabbedPane tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane(JTabbedPane.TOP);
        
        JPanel panel_1 = new JPanel();
        panel_1.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        tabbedPane.addTab("学生管理", null, panel_1, null);
        
        JPanel panel_4 = new JPanel();
        panel_4.setBackground(new Color(250, 250, 210));
        
        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("查询");
        
        btnNewButton.setForeground(Color.BLACK);
        btnNewButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        btnNewButton.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 14));
        
        textField = new JTextField();
        textField.setColumns(10);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("查询:");
        lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 14));
        
        //获取年级信息
        SelectService select = new SelectServiceImpl();
        List<String> yearList = null;
        try {
            yearList = select.selectAllYear();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String[] yearArray = null;
        //如果年级不为空，则将其转化为数组
        if(yearList != null) {
            yearArray = ListToArray.getArray(yearList);    
        }
                
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox(yearArray);
        
        //获取当前选中的年级
        String year =  (String) comboBox.getSelectedItem();
        System.out.println(year);
        List<String> classList = null;
        //通过年级获取班级
        try {
            classList = select.selectclassByYear(year);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String[] classArray = null;        
        if(classList != null) {
            classArray = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
        }            
        JComboBox comboBox_1 = new JComboBox(classArray);
            
        //为第一个添加下拉框添加监听
        //控制第二个下拉框的值
        comboBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                comboBox_1.removeAllItems();
                //获取当前选中的年级
                  String year =  (String) comboBox.getSelectedItem();
                  List<String> classList = null;
                  //通过年级获取班级
                  try {
                      classList = select.selectclassByYear(year);
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  String[] classArray = null;        
                  if(classList != null) {
                      classArray = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
                  }
                  for (int i = 0; i < classArray.length; i++) {              
                    comboBox_1.addItem(classArray[i]);
                }
                  
                  String yearName = (String)comboBox.getSelectedItem();
                String className = (String)comboBox_1.getSelectedItem();
                Object[][] data = updateStudentTable(className,yearName);    
                table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                        data,
                        new String[] {
                            "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "班级", "年级"
                        }
                    ));    
                table.updateUI(); 
            }
        });        
        //为第二个下拉框添加监听
        comboBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {             
                  String yearName = (String)comboBox.getSelectedItem();
                String className = (String)comboBox_1.getSelectedItem();
                Object[][] data = updateStudentTable(className,yearName);    
                table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                        data,
                        new String[] {
                            "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "班级", "年级"
                        }
                    ));    
                table.updateUI();                      
            }
        });    
        
        
                
        GroupLayout gl_panel_4 = new GroupLayout(panel_4);
        gl_panel_4.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel_4.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_4.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addContainerGap(112, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 50, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
                    .addComponent(comboBox, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 74, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(33)
                    .addComponent(comboBox_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(86)
                    .addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 166, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addComponent(btnNewButton)
                    .addGap(55))
        );
        gl_panel_4.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel_4.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_4.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGap(20)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel_4.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(btnNewButton)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 25, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addContainerGap(30, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );
        panel_4.setLayout(gl_panel_4);
        
        JPanel panel_5 = new JPanel();
        panel_5.setBackground(SystemColor.scrollbar);
        
        JButton btnNewButton_1 = new JButton("添加学生");
        btnNewButton_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new AddStudent().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
        
        JButton btnNewButton_2 = new JButton("删除学生");
        
        
        JButton btnNewButton_3 = new JButton("修改学生信息");
        
        
        JButton btnNewButton_4 = new JButton("退出系统");
        btnNewButton_4.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                close();
            }
        });
        
        JButton btnNewButton_5 = new JButton("刷新信息");
        btnNewButton_5.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Object[][] data = updateStudentTable(null,null);    
                table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                        data,
                        new String[] {
                            "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "班级", "年级"
                        }
                    ));    
                table.updateUI();       
            }
        });
        GroupLayout gl_panel_5 = new GroupLayout(panel_5);
        gl_panel_5.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel_5.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_5.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGroup(gl_panel_5.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                        .addComponent(btnNewButton_1, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 105, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                        .addGroup(gl_panel_5.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addGap(2)
                            .addGroup(gl_panel_5.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                                .addComponent(btnNewButton_3, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 105, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                .addComponent(btnNewButton_2, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 103, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                .addComponent(btnNewButton_5, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 105, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                .addComponent(btnNewButton_4, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 105, Short.MAX_VALUE))))
                    .addContainerGap())
        );
        gl_panel_5.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel_5.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_5.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGap(75)
                    .addComponent(btnNewButton_1)
                    .addGap(41)
                    .addComponent(btnNewButton_2)
                    .addGap(42)
                    .addComponent(btnNewButton_3)
                    .addGap(44)
                    .addComponent(btnNewButton_5)
                    .addGap(46)
                    .addComponent(btnNewButton_4)
                    .addContainerGap(93, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );
        panel_5.setLayout(gl_panel_5);
        
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane();
        
        
        
        Object[][] data = updateStudentTable(null,null);    
        table = new JTable();
        table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
            data,
            new String[] {
                "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "班级", "年级"
            }
        ));
        
        
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        tabbedPane.addTab("学生排名", null, panel, null);
        
        JPanel panel_6 = new JPanel();
        GroupLayout gl_panel = new GroupLayout(panel);
        gl_panel.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(Alignment.TRAILING, gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addContainerGap(GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addComponent(panel_6, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 727, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(32))
        );
        gl_panel.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(panel_6, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 521, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addContainerGap())
        );
        
        Object[][] data1 = updateScoreByKey(null, null, null);
        table_1 = new JTable();
        table_1.setEnabled(false);
        table_1.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                data1,
                new String[] {
                        "排名", "学号", "姓名","年级","班级", "语文", "数学", "英语","思政","总分","平均分"
                }
            ));    
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("选择年级和班级:");
        //获取年级信息
        SelectService select2 = new SelectServiceImpl();
        List<String> yearList2 = null;
        try {
            yearList = select.selectAllYear();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String[] yearArray2 = null;
        //如果年级不为空，则将其转化为数组
        if(yearList != null) {
            yearArray2 = ListToArray.getArray(yearList);    
        }
        
        JComboBox comboBox_2 = new JComboBox(yearArray2);
        
        //获取当前选中的年级
        String year2 =  (String) comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
        System.out.println(year);
        List<String> classList2 = null;
        //通过年级获取班级
        try {
            classList2 = select.selectclassByYear(year);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        classList.add(0, "全部");
        String[] classArray2 = null;        
        if(classList != null) {
            classArray2 = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
        }                    
        
        JComboBox comboBox_3 = new JComboBox(classArray2);
        
        String[] crouse = {"全部","大学语文","高数","思政","英语"};
        JComboBox comboBox_4 = new JComboBox(crouse);
        
        comboBox_4.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
             
                  String yearName = (String)comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
                  String className = (String)comboBox_3.getSelectedItem();
                  String key = (String)comboBox_4.getSelectedItem();
                  
                  if(key != null && key.equals("全部")) key = null;
                  if(className != null && className.equals("全部")) className = null;
                Object[][] data = updateScoreByKey(key,yearName,className);    
                table_1.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                        data,
                        new String[] {
                            "排名", "学号", "姓名","年级","班级", "语文", "数学", "英语","思政","总分","平均分"
                        }
                    ));    
                table_1.updateUI();  
            }
        });        
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("按单科排名:");
        
        comboBox_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                comboBox_3.removeAllItems();
                //获取当前选中的年级
                  String year =  (String) comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
                  List<String> classList = null;
                  //通过年级获取班级
                  try {
                      classList = select.selectclassByYear(year);
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  classList.add(0,"全部");
                  String[] classArray = null;        
                  if(classList != null) {
                      classArray = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
                  }
                  
                  for (int i = 0; i < classArray.length; i++) {              
                    comboBox_3.addItem(classArray[i]);
                }
    
                  String yearName = (String)comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
                Object[][] data = updateScoreByKey(null,yearName,null);    
                table_1.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                        data,
                        new String[] {
                            "排名", "学号", "姓名","年级","班级", "语文", "数学", "英语","思政","总分","平均分"
                        }
                    ));    
                table_1.updateUI();  
            }
        });        
        //为第二个下拉框添加监听
        comboBox_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {             
                  String yearName = (String)comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
                String className = (String)comboBox_3.getSelectedItem();
                if(className != null && className.equals("全部")) {
                    className = null;
                }
                Object[][] data = updateScoreByKey(null,yearName,className);    
                table_1.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                        data,
                        new String[] {
                            "排名", "学号", "姓名","年级","班级", "语文", "数学", "英语","思政","总分","平均分"
                        }
                    ));    
                table_1.updateUI();                      
            }
        });
        
        JPanel panel_3 = new JPanel();
        
        JButton btnNewButton_6 = new JButton("退出");
        btnNewButton_6.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                close();
            }
        });
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_3 = new JLabel("成绩排名");
        lblNewLabel_3.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 15));
        lblNewLabel_3.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        GroupLayout gl_panel_6 = new GroupLayout(panel_6);
        gl_panel_6.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel_6.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_6.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(panel_3, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 749, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addContainerGap())
                .addGroup(gl_panel_6.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGap(14)
                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_1)
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addComponent(comboBox_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(36)
                    .addComponent(comboBox_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(50)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel_6.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 107, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addGroup(gl_panel_6.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addComponent(lblNewLabel_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 79, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                            .addComponent(comboBox_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addGap(125)
                            .addComponent(btnNewButton_6, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 71, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)))
                    .addGap(129))
        );
        gl_panel_6.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel_6.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_6.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addContainerGap()
                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 55, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel_6.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_1)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_2)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(btnNewButton_6))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addComponent(panel_3, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 409, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addContainerGap())
        );
        
        JScrollPane scrollPane_1 = new JScrollPane();
        GroupLayout gl_panel_3 = new GroupLayout(panel_3);
        gl_panel_3.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel_3.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                .addGroup(Alignment.LEADING, gl_panel_3.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(scrollPane_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 722, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addContainerGap(27, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );
        gl_panel_3.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel_3.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_3.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addContainerGap()
                    .addComponent(scrollPane_1, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 443, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );
        
        
        panel_3.setLayout(gl_panel_3);
        panel_6.setLayout(gl_panel_6);
        panel.setLayout(gl_panel);
        
        JPanel panel_2 = new JPanel();
        tabbedPane.addTab("学生成绩管理", null, panel_2, null);
        
        //修改学生信息
        btnNewButton_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int index = table.getSelectedRow();
                if(index != -1) {
                    String key = (String) table.getValueAt(index, 0);
                    Integer classId = Integer.parseInt(key.strip());
                    new UpdateStudent(classId).setVisible(true);
                }            
            }
        });
        
        //删除学生信息
        btnNewButton_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int[] arr = table.getSelectedRows();
                int n = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "是否删除？", "Title",JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION); 
                if(n == 0) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {            
                        String key = (String) table.getValueAt(arr[i], 0);
                        Integer classId = Integer.parseInt(key.strip());
                        try {
                            delete.deleteStudentByStuId(classId);
                            Object[][] data = updateStudentTable(null,null);    
                            table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                                    data,
                                    new String[] {
                                        "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "班级", "年级"
                                    }
                                ));    
                            table.updateUI();
                        } catch (Exception e1) {
                            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                            e1.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                
                }
            }
        });
        //条件查询
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String key = textField.getText();
                Object[][] data = updateByselect(key);
                table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(
                        data,
                        new String[] {
                            "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "班级", "年级"
                        }
                    ));    
                table.updateUI();
            }
        });
        scrollPane.setViewportView(table);
        GroupLayout gl_panel_1 = new GroupLayout(panel_1);
        gl_panel_1.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel_1.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addComponent(panel_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 750, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_1.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(panel_5, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addComponent(scrollPane, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 633, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
        );
        gl_panel_1.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel_1.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel_1.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(panel_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel_1.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                        .addComponent(panel_5, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(scrollPane, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 456, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)))
        );
        panel_1.setLayout(gl_panel_1);
        scrollPane_1.setViewportView(table_1);
        GroupLayout gl_contentPane = new GroupLayout(contentPane);
        gl_contentPane.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(tabbedPane, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 745, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addContainerGap())
        );
        gl_contentPane.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(tabbedPane, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addContainerGap(GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );
        contentPane.setLayout(gl_contentPane);
    }

    /**
     * @return
     */
    private Object[][] updateStudentTable(String className,String classYear) {
        //查询所有学生信息
        Object[][] data = null;
        SelectService select = new SelectServiceImpl();        
        try {
            ResultSet rs = select.selectStudentByAny(className, classYear);    
            if(rs.next()) {
                data = ResultSetUtil.getObjectArray(rs);
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return data;
    }
    
    private Object[][] updateByselect(String key) {
        //查询所有学生信息
        Object[][] data = null;
        SelectService select = new SelectServiceImpl();        
        try {
            ResultSet rs = select.selectStudentByKey(key);
            data = ResultSetUtil.getObjectArray(rs);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return data;
    }
    
    private Object[][] updateScoreByKey(String key,String yearName,String className){
        //查询所有学生信息
        Object[][] data = null;
        SelectService select = new SelectServiceImpl();        
        try {
            ResultSet rs = select.selectStudentRankByKey(key, yearName, className);
            if(rs.next()) {
                data = ResultSetUtil.getObjectArray(rs);
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return data;        
    }
    
    public void close() {
        this.setVisible(false);
    }
}

图形界面

c.添加学生窗口

代码：

package view;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import service.InsertService;
import service.InsertServiceImpl;
import service.SelectService;
import service.SelectServiceImpl;
import util.DataUtil;
import util.ListToArray;

import javax.swing.AbstractButton;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import java.awt.Color;
import javax.swing.JToggleButton;
import java.awt.Font;

public class AddStudent extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField textField;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    AddStudent frame = new AddStudent();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public AddStudent() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 351, 386);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));

        setContentPane(contentPane);
        
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_5 = new JLabel("添加学生信息");
        lblNewLabel_5.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 15));
        lblNewLabel_5.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        GroupLayout gl_contentPane = new GroupLayout(contentPane);
        gl_contentPane.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                        .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addGap(89)
                            .addComponent(lblNewLabel_5, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 121, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addContainerGap()
                            .addComponent(panel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)))
                    .addContainerGap(23, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );
        gl_contentPane.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(Alignment.TRAILING, gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addContainerGap()
                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_5, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 26, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                    .addComponent(panel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 312, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(42))
        );
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("姓名:");
        lblNewLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("出生日期:");
        lblNewLabel_1.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("性别:");
        lblNewLabel_2.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_3 = new JLabel("年级:");
        lblNewLabel_3.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_4 = new JLabel("班级:");
        lblNewLabel_4.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("添加");
        
        btnNewButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //获取年级信息
        SelectService select = new SelectServiceImpl();
        List<String> yearList = null;
        try {
            yearList = select.selectAllYear();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String[] yearArray = null;
        //如果年级不为空，则将其转化为数组
        if(yearList != null) {
            yearArray = ListToArray.getArray(yearList);    
        }
        
        //初始化年级下拉框的值
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox(yearArray);
        comboBox.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //获取当前选中的年级
        String year =  (String) comboBox.getSelectedItem();
        System.out.println(year);
        List<String> classList = null;
        //通过年级获取班级
        try {
            classList = select.selectclassByYear(year);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String[] classArray = null;        
        if(classList != null) {
            classArray = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
        }    
        //初始化第二个下拉框的值
        JComboBox comboBox_1 = new JComboBox(classArray);
        comboBox_1.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //为第一个添加下拉框添加监听
        //控制第二个下拉框的值
        comboBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                comboBox_1.removeAllItems();
                //获取当前选中的年级
                  String year =  (String) comboBox.getSelectedItem();
                  System.out.println(year);
                  List<String> classList = null;
                  //通过年级获取班级
                  try {
                      classList = select.selectclassByYear(year);
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  String[] classArray = null;        
                  if(classList != null) {
                      classArray = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
                  }
                  for (int i = 0; i < classArray.length; i++) {              
                    comboBox_1.addItem(classArray[i]);
                }
            }
        });
        
        
        
        textField = new JTextField();
        textField.setColumns(10);
        
        //获取年份数组并添加到下拉框中
        JComboBox comboBox_2 = new JComboBox(DataUtil.getYear());
        comboBox_2.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //获取月份数组并添加到下拉框中
        JComboBox comboBox_3 = new JComboBox(DataUtil.getMonth());
        comboBox_3.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //通过月份获取当月的天数
        //获取当前的月份
        int m = (int) comboBox_3.getSelectedItem();
        //获取年份
        int y = (int) comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
        //获取天数并添加到下拉框中
        JComboBox comboBox_4 = new JComboBox(DataUtil.getDays(y, m));
        comboBox_4.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        comboBox_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                comboBox_3.setSelectedIndex(0);
                comboBox_4.setSelectedIndex(0);       
            }
        });
        comboBox_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int month = (int) comboBox_3.getSelectedItem();
                //获取年份
                int year = (int) comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
                Integer[] days = DataUtil.getDays(year, month);
                comboBox_4.removeAllItems();
                for (int i = 0; i < days.length; i++) {
                    comboBox_4.addItem(days[i]);
                }
            }
        });
            
        JRadioButton rdbtnNewRadioButton = new JRadioButton("男");
        rdbtnNewRadioButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        JRadioButton rdbtnNewRadioButton_1 = new JRadioButton("女");
        rdbtnNewRadioButton_1.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
        rdbtnNewRadioButton.setSelected(true);
        bg.add(rdbtnNewRadioButton_1);
        bg.add(rdbtnNewRadioButton);
        
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String stuName = textField.getText();
                Integer age = DataUtil.getAge(
                        (Integer)comboBox_2.getSelectedItem(),
                        (Integer)comboBox_3.getSelectedItem(), 
                        (Integer)comboBox_4.getSelectedItem());
                String sex = "";
                Enumeration<AbstractButton> radioBtns=bg.getElements();
                while (radioBtns.hasMoreElements()) {
                    AbstractButton btn = radioBtns.nextElement();
                    if(btn.isSelected()){
                        sex = btn.getText();
                        break;
                    }
                }
                String className = (String) comboBox_1.getSelectedItem();
                        
                if(stuName == null || stuName.equals("")){
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "姓名不能为空!");
                }else {
                    InsertService insert = new InsertServiceImpl();
                    try {
                        insert.InsertStudent(stuName, age, sex, className);
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "添加成功!");
                        close();
                        
                    } catch (Exception e1) {
                        // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }            
            }
        });
        
        
        GroupLayout gl_panel = new GroupLayout(panel);
        gl_panel.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addContainerGap()
                            .addComponent(lblNewLabel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 41, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                            .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                                .addContainerGap()
                                .addComponent(lblNewLabel_4, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 76, Short.MAX_VALUE))
                            .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                                .addGap(32)
                                .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING, false)
                                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_3, Alignment.LEADING, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_2, Alignment.LEADING, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_1, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)))))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                        .addComponent(btnNewButton, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 97, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addComponent(comboBox_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
                            .addComponent(comboBox_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
                            .addComponent(comboBox_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 53, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addGap(18)
                            .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 59, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .addComponent(comboBox, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 138, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(52))
        );
        gl_panel.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGap(27)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel)
                        .addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(24)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_1)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_2)
                        .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton)
                        .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton_1))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_3)
                        .addComponent(comboBox, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_4)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(34)
                    .addComponent(btnNewButton)
                    .addGap(47))
        );
        panel.setLayout(gl_panel);
        contentPane.setLayout(gl_contentPane);
    }
    
    //关闭窗口
    public void close() {
        this.setVisible(false);
    }
}

图形界面

d.修改学生信息窗口

代码：

package view;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import model.Student;
import service.InsertService;
import service.InsertServiceImpl;
import service.SelectService;
import service.SelectServiceImpl;
import service.UpdateService;
import service.UpdateServiceImpl;
import util.DataUtil;
import util.ListToArray;

import javax.swing.AbstractButton;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import java.awt.Color;
import javax.swing.JToggleButton;
import java.awt.Font;

public class UpdateStudent extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField textField;
    private Integer stuId;//需要修改的学生学号
    private SelectService select = new SelectServiceImpl();
    private UpdateService update = new UpdateServiceImpl();
    

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UpdateStudent frame = new UpdateStudent(null);
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public UpdateStudent(Integer stuId) {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 370, 386);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));

        setContentPane(contentPane);
        
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_5 = new JLabel("修改学生信息");
        lblNewLabel_5.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 15));
        lblNewLabel_5.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        GroupLayout gl_contentPane = new GroupLayout(contentPane);
        gl_contentPane.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                        .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addGap(89)
                            .addComponent(lblNewLabel_5, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 121, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addContainerGap()
                            .addComponent(panel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 325, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)))
                    .addContainerGap(24, Short.MAX_VALUE))
        );
        gl_contentPane.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_contentPane.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                .addGroup(gl_contentPane.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addContainerGap()
                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_5, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                    .addComponent(panel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 312, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addContainerGap())
        );
        
        //获取需要修改学生的信息
        Student stu = null;
        try {
            stu = select.selectStudentByStuId(stuId);
        } catch (Exception e2) {
            // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
            e2.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("姓名:");
        lblNewLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("出生日期:");
        lblNewLabel_1.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("性别:");
        lblNewLabel_2.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_3 = new JLabel("年级:");
        lblNewLabel_3.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JLabel lblNewLabel_4 = new JLabel("班级:");
        lblNewLabel_4.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        
        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("确认");
        
        btnNewButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //获取年级信息
        
        List<String> yearList = null;
        try {
            yearList = select.selectAllYear();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String[] yearArray = null;
        //如果年级不为空，则将其转化为数组
        if(yearList != null) {
            yearArray = ListToArray.getArray(yearList);    
        }
        
        //初始化年级下拉框的值
        JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox(yearArray);
        comboBox.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //获取当前选中的年级
        String year =  (String) comboBox.getSelectedItem();
        System.out.println(year);
        List<String> classList = null;
        //通过年级获取班级
        try {
            classList = select.selectclassByYear(year);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String[] classArray = null;        
        if(classList != null) {
            classArray = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
        }    
        //初始化第二个下拉框的值
        JComboBox comboBox_1 = new JComboBox(classArray);
        comboBox_1.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //为第一个添加下拉框添加监听
        //控制第二个下拉框的值
        comboBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                comboBox_1.removeAllItems();

                //获取当前选中的年级
                  String year =  (String) comboBox.getSelectedItem();
                  System.out.println(year);
                  List<String> classList = null;
                  //通过年级获取班级
                  try {
                      classList = select.selectclassByYear(year);
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  String[] classArray = null;        
                  if(classList != null) {
                      classArray = ListToArray.getArray(classList);
                  }
                  for (int i = 0; i < classArray.length; i++) {              
                    comboBox_1.addItem(classArray[i]);
                }
            }
        });
        
        
        
        textField = new JTextField();
            
        textField.setColumns(10);
        
        //获取年份数组并添加到下拉框中
        JComboBox comboBox_2 = new JComboBox(DataUtil.getYear());
        comboBox_2.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //获取月份数组并添加到下拉框中
        JComboBox comboBox_3 = new JComboBox(DataUtil.getMonth());
        comboBox_3.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        //通过月份获取当月的天数
        //获取当前的月份
        int m = (int) comboBox_3.getSelectedItem();
        //获取年份
        int y = (int) comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
        //获取天数并添加到下拉框中
        JComboBox comboBox_4 = new JComboBox(DataUtil.getDays(y, m));
        comboBox_4.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        comboBox_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
                comboBox_3.setSelectedIndex(0);
                comboBox_4.setSelectedIndex(0);       
            }
        });
        comboBox_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int month = (int) comboBox_3.getSelectedItem();
                //获取年份
                int year = (int) comboBox_2.getSelectedItem();
                Integer[] days = DataUtil.getDays(year, month);
                comboBox_4.removeAllItems();
                for (int i = 0; i < days.length; i++) {
                    comboBox_4.addItem(days[i]);
                }
            }
        });
            
        JRadioButton rdbtnNewRadioButton = new JRadioButton("男");
        rdbtnNewRadioButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        JRadioButton rdbtnNewRadioButton_1 = new JRadioButton("女");
        rdbtnNewRadioButton_1.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
        rdbtnNewRadioButton.setSelected(true);
        bg.add(rdbtnNewRadioButton_1);
        bg.add(rdbtnNewRadioButton);
        
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String stuName = textField.getText();
                Integer age = DataUtil.getAge(
                        (Integer)comboBox_2.getSelectedItem(),
                        (Integer)comboBox_3.getSelectedItem(), 
                        (Integer)comboBox_4.getSelectedItem());
                String sex = "";
                Enumeration<AbstractButton> radioBtns=bg.getElements();
                while (radioBtns.hasMoreElements()) {
                    AbstractButton btn = radioBtns.nextElement();
                    if(btn.isSelected()){
                        sex = btn.getText();
                        break;
                    }
                }
                String className = (String) comboBox_1.getSelectedItem();
                        
                if(stuName == null || stuName.equals("")){
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "姓名不能为空!");
                }else {
                    try {
                        Integer classId = select.selectClassIdByClassName(className);
                        int n = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "是否确认进行修改？", "Title",JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION); 
                        if(n == 0) {
                            update.updateStudent(stuId,stuName, sex, age, classId);
                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "修改成功!");
                            close();
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e1) {
                        // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }            
            }
        });
        
        //初始化姓名为所需要修改的学生信息
        //因为储存的是年龄不是出生日期，无法计算具体日期则不初始化了
        if(stuId != null && !stuId.equals("")) {
            //初始化姓名
            textField.setText(stu.getName());
            
            //初始化性别
            if(stu.getSex().equals("男")) {
                rdbtnNewRadioButton.setSelected(true);
            }else {
                rdbtnNewRadioButton_1.setSelected(true);
            }
            
            String yearName = "";
            try {
                yearName = select.selectYearByClassName(stu.get_class());
            } catch (Exception e1) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            //初始化年级
             comboBox.setSelectedItem(yearName);
             
             //初始化班级
             comboBox_1.setSelectedItem(stu.get_class());
        }
        
        JButton btnNewButton_1 = new JButton("退出");
        
        btnNewButton_1.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        
        
        
        
        
        
        GroupLayout gl_panel = new GroupLayout(panel);
        gl_panel.setHorizontalGroup(
            gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addContainerGap()
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                                .addComponent(lblNewLabel, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 41, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                                .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING, false)
                                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_3, Alignment.LEADING, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_2, Alignment.LEADING, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_1, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                    .addComponent(lblNewLabel_4, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 92, Short.MAX_VALUE)))
                            .addGap(18))
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addComponent(btnNewButton, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 83, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.RELATED)))
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                            .addComponent(comboBox_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
                            .addComponent(comboBox_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addPreferredGap(ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
                            .addComponent(comboBox_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                        .addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 138, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.TRAILING)
                            .addComponent(btnNewButton_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 81, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                                .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 53, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                                .addGap(18)
                                .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 59, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))))
                    .addGap(62))
        );
        gl_panel.setVerticalGroup(
            gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(gl_panel.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addGap(27)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel)
                        .addComponent(textField, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(24)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_1)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_2, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_3, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_4, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_2)
                        .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton)
                        .addComponent(rdbtnNewRadioButton_1))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_3)
                        .addComponent(comboBox, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                    .addGap(18)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(comboBox_1, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addComponent(lblNewLabel_4))
                    .addGap(31)
                    .addGroup(gl_panel.createParallelGroup(Alignment.BASELINE)
                        .addComponent(btnNewButton)
                        .addComponent(btnNewButton_1))
                    .addGap(42))
        );
        panel.setLayout(gl_panel);
        contentPane.setLayout(gl_contentPane);
        btnNewButton_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                close();
            }
        });
    }
    
    //关闭窗口
    public void close() {
        this.setVisible(false);
    }
}

图形界面

六、测试

1.登录测试

输入错误账户密码

输入正确账号密码

2.学生管理界面测试

输入账户密码正确后，会关闭登录框，然后弹出学生管理窗口

如下：

a.条件查询

b.模糊查询

c. 删除学生

可以选择一个，也可以选择多个进行删除，同时还会更新数据。

3.添加学生测试

添加成功后，需要通过点击学生管理窗口的刷新信息按钮刷新界面。

如图所示，自动生成了一个ID，在数据库将ID属性设为自增，且每次加一就可以完成以上效果。

4.修改窗口测试

选择需要修改的学生，点击修改按钮，即可跳转修改界面

5.排名测试

七、注意事项

1.实体类和ResultSet转换

此程序中，因为JTable控件需要的数据类型为二维数组，但是sql查询返回的是ResultSet类型，则直接将ResultSet转化为Object[][]类型，具体实现在util包中的数据类型转化中。因为查询学生信息和成绩时直接将ResultSet转化为了Object[][]，中间并没有使用到model包中的实体类，则可以不用创建对应的实体类，而查询管理员信息时，将获得的管理员信息转化为了实体类对象，所以需要创建一个管理员的实体类。

2.控件取名

在创建控件时，最好将每个控件取上对应的名字，比如标签控件可以叫lblXxx，单行文本框可以叫txtXxx，按钮可以叫btnXxx。如此可以更好的区分控件以及其实现的功能。上述项目中，等写完了才想起来名称没改，控件太多就不改了。

3.控件布局

拖拽控件时，可以将窗体先选好布局，再在窗体布局上添加面板，具体控件可以放在最后布好局的不同面板中。还可以根据需要取设置控件的一些基础属性，如大小(可拖拽放大收缩，需要自定义布局)，背景颜色，字体属性等。

4.构建mysql的驱动

java连接数据库，需要用到mysql驱动，可以网搜驱动，然后下载安装，最后得到的如下图:

打开文件，找到如下的驱动包，然后复制

在eclipse的项目文件下新建ilb，然后将驱动包粘贴进去，然后构建路径，如下图所示:

5.引入外部图片

使用标签控件时，可以引入外部图片作为背景，可以让窗体更加美观。首先创建images包，将心仪的图片放进images文件下，然后再通过JLabel控件中的icon引入图片。

6.项目总体结构

八、总结

使用java的GUI实现学生信息后台管理系统，通过更接近于控件源码的实现方式，去了解java中代码的编写，以及控件的具体实现代码，而不是完全依赖于界面上进行拖拽和属性构建。通过构建此系统，熟悉java使用JDBC连接数据库，并实现对数据库的增、删、改、查，不仅可以加强java中对数据库数据的处理能力，还能加强数据库的SQL语句编写能力。除此以外，还能通过类与类之间的方法调用和接口与实现类之间的方法实现，了解掌握ava中类的封装、继承、多态等的原理与使用方式。