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数据仓库搭建ODS层

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一、用户行为数据

1.1创建日志表

1）创建支持lzo压缩的分区表

drop table if exists ods_log;
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ods_log (`line` string)
PARTITIONED BY (`dt` string) -- 按照时间创建分区
STORED AS -- 指定存储方式，读数据采用LzoTextInputFormat；
  INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
  OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_log'  -- 指定数据在hdfs上的存储位置
;

2）加载数据

load data inpath '/data/log/topic_log/2021-05-10' into table ods_log partition(dt='2021-05-10');

3）查看是否加载成功

4）为lzo压缩文件创建索引

hadoop jar /training/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar com.hadoop.compression.lzo.DistributedLzoIndexer -Dmapreduce.job.queuename=hive/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_log/dt=2021-05-10

1.2ODS层加载数据脚本

vi hdfs_to_ods_log.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 定义变量方便修改
APP=default
hive=/training/hive/bin/hive
hadoop=/training/hadoop-3.1.3/bin/hadoop

# 如果是输入的日期按照取输入日期；如果没输入日期取当前时间的前一天
if [ -n "$1" ] ;then
   do_date=$1
else 
   do_date=`date -d "-1 day" +%F`
fi 

echo ================== 日志日期为 $do_date ==================
sql="
load data inpath '/data/log/topic_log/$do_date' into table default.ods_log partition(dt='$do_date');
"

$hive -e "$sql"

hadoop jar /training/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar
com.hadoop.compression.lzo.DistributedLzoIndexer -Dmapreduce.job.queuename=hive/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_log/dt=$do_date

增加脚本执行权限：chmod 777 hdfs_to_ods_log.sh

脚本使用：hdfs_to_ods_log.sh 2020-06-15

查看导入数据：select * from ods_log where dt='2020-06-15' limit 2;

脚本执行时间：企业开发中一般在每日凌晨30分~1点

二、业务数据

2.1hive建表

#订单表（增量及更新）

create external table ods_order_info (
id string COMMENT '订单号',
final_total_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '订单金额',
order_status string COMMENT '订单状态',
user_id string COMMENT '用户id',
out_trade_no string COMMENT '支付流水号',
create_time string COMMENT '创建时间',
operate_time string COMMENT '操作时间',
province_id string COMMENT '省份ID',
benefit_reduce_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '优惠金额',
original_total_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '原价金额',
feight_fee decimal(16,2) COMMENT '运费'
) COMMENT '订单表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string) -- 按照时间创建分区
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' -- 指定分割符为\t
STORED AS -- 指定存储方式，读数据采用LzoTextInputFormat；输出数据采用TextOutputFormat
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_order_info/' -- 指定数据在hdfs上的存储位置
;


#订单详情表（增量）

create external table ods_order_detail(
id string COMMENT '编号',
order_id string COMMENT '订单号',
user_id string COMMENT '用户id',
sku_id string COMMENT '商品id',
sku_name string COMMENT '商品名称',
order_price decimal(16,2) COMMENT '商品价格',
sku_num bigint COMMENT '商品数量',
create_time string COMMENT '创建时间',
source_type string COMMENT '来源类型',
source_id string COMMENT '来源编号'
) COMMENT '订单详情表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_order_detail/';


#SKU商品表（全量）

create external table ods_sku_info(
id string COMMENT 'skuId',
spu_id string COMMENT 'spuid',
price decimal(16,2) COMMENT '价格',
sku_name string COMMENT '商品名称',
sku_desc string COMMENT '商品描述',
weight string COMMENT '重量',
tm_id string COMMENT '品牌id',
category3_id string COMMENT '品类id',
create_time string COMMENT '创建时间'
) COMMENT 'SKU商品表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_sku_info/';


#用户表（增量及更新）

create external table ods_user_info(
id string COMMENT '用户id',
name string COMMENT '姓名',
birthday string COMMENT '生日',
gender string COMMENT '性别',
email string COMMENT '邮箱',
user_level string COMMENT '用户等级',
create_time string COMMENT '创建时间',
operate_time string COMMENT '操作时间'
) COMMENT '用户表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_user_info/';


#商品一级分类表（全量）

create external table ods_base_category1(
id string COMMENT 'id',
name string COMMENT '名称'
) COMMENT '商品一级分类表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_base_category1/';


#商品二级分类表（全量）

create external table ods_base_category2(
id string COMMENT ' id',
name string COMMENT '名称',
category1_id string COMMENT '一级品类id'
) COMMENT '商品二级分类表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_base_category2/';


#商品三级分类表（全量）

create external table ods_base_category3(
id string COMMENT ' id',
name string COMMENT '名称',
category2_id string COMMENT '二级品类id'
) COMMENT '商品三级分类表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'


#支付流水表（增量）

create external table ods_payment_info(
id bigint COMMENT '编号',
out_trade_no string COMMENT '对外业务编号',
order_id string COMMENT '订单编号',
user_id string COMMENT '用户编号',
alipay_trade_no string COMMENT '支付宝交易流水编号',
total_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '支付金额',
subject string COMMENT '交易内容',
payment_type string COMMENT '支付类型',
payment_time string COMMENT '支付时间'
) COMMENT '支付流水表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_payment_info/';


#省份表（特殊）

create external table ods_base_province (
id bigint COMMENT '编号',
name string COMMENT '省份名称',
region_id string COMMENT '地区ID',
area_code string COMMENT '地区编码',
iso_code string COMMENT 'iso编码,superset可视化使用'
) COMMENT '省份表'
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_base_province/';


#地区表（特殊）

create external table ods_base_region (
id string COMMENT '编号',
region_name string COMMENT '地区名称'
) COMMENT '地区表'
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_base_region/';


#品牌表（全量）

create external table ods_base_trademark (
tm_id string COMMENT '编号',
tm_name string COMMENT '品牌名称'
) COMMENT '品牌表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_base_trademark/';


#订单状态表（增量）

create external table ods_order_status_log (
id string COMMENT '编号',
order_id string COMMENT '订单ID',
order_status string COMMENT '订单状态',
operate_time string COMMENT '修改时间'
) COMMENT '订单状态表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_order_status_log/';


#SPU商品表（全量）

create external table ods_spu_info(
id string COMMENT 'spuid',
spu_name string COMMENT 'spu名称',
category3_id string COMMENT '品类id',
tm_id string COMMENT '品牌id'
) COMMENT 'SPU商品表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_spu_info/';


#商品评论表（增量）

create external table ods_comment_info(
id string COMMENT '编号',
user_id string COMMENT '用户ID',
sku_id string COMMENT '商品sku',
spu_id string COMMENT '商品spu',
order_id string COMMENT '订单ID',
appraise string COMMENT '评价',
create_time string COMMENT '评价时间'
) COMMENT '商品评论表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_comment_info/';


#退单表（增量）

create external table ods_order_refund_info(
id string COMMENT '编号',
user_id string COMMENT '用户ID',
order_id string COMMENT '订单ID',
sku_id string COMMENT '商品ID',
refund_type string COMMENT '退款类型',
refund_num bigint COMMENT '退款件数',
refund_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '退款金额',
refund_reason_type string COMMENT '退款原因类型',
create_time string COMMENT '退款时间'
) COMMENT '退单表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_order_refund_info/';


#加购表（全量）

create external table ods_cart_info(
id string COMMENT '编号',
user_id string COMMENT '用户id',
sku_id string COMMENT 'skuid',
cart_price decimal(16,2) COMMENT '放入购物车时价格',
sku_num bigint COMMENT '数量',
sku_name string COMMENT 'sku名称 (冗余)',
create_time string COMMENT '创建时间',
operate_time string COMMENT '修改时间',
is_ordered string COMMENT '是否已经下单',
order_time string COMMENT '下单时间',
source_type string COMMENT '来源类型',
source_id string COMMENT '来源编号'
) COMMENT '加购表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_cart_info/';


#商品收藏表（全量）

create external table ods_favor_info(
id string COMMENT '编号',
user_id string COMMENT '用户id',
sku_id string COMMENT 'skuid',
spu_id string COMMENT 'spuid',
is_cancel string COMMENT '是否取消',
create_time string COMMENT '收藏时间',
cancel_time string COMMENT '取消时间'
) COMMENT '商品收藏表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_favor_info/';


#优惠券领用表（新增及变化）

create external table ods_coupon_use(
id string COMMENT '编号',
coupon_id string COMMENT '优惠券ID',
user_id string COMMENT 'skuid',
order_id string COMMENT 'spuid',
coupon_status string COMMENT '优惠券状态',
get_time string COMMENT '领取时间',
using_time string COMMENT '使用时间(下单)',
used_time string COMMENT '使用时间(支付)'
) COMMENT '优惠券领用表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_coupon_use/';


#优惠券表（全量）

create external table ods_coupon_info(
id string COMMENT '购物券编号',
coupon_name string COMMENT '购物券名称',
coupon_type string COMMENT '购物券类型 1 现金券 2 折扣券 3 满减券 4 满件打折券',
condition_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '满额数',
condition_num bigint COMMENT '满件数',
activity_id string COMMENT '活动编号',
benefit_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '减金额',
benefit_discount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '折扣',
create_time string COMMENT '创建时间',
range_type string COMMENT '范围类型 1、商品 2、品类 3、品牌',
spu_id string COMMENT '商品id',
tm_id string COMMENT '品牌id',
category3_id string COMMENT '品类id',
limit_num bigint COMMENT '最多领用次数',
operate_time string COMMENT '修改时间',
expire_time string COMMENT '过期时间'
) COMMENT '优惠券表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_coupon_info/';


#活动表（全量）

create external table ods_activity_info(
id string COMMENT '编号',
activity_name string COMMENT '活动名称',
activity_type string COMMENT '活动类型',
start_time string COMMENT '开始时间',
end_time string COMMENT '结束时间',
create_time string COMMENT '创建时间'
) COMMENT '活动表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_activity_info/';


#活动订单关联表（增量）

create external table ods_activity_order(
id string COMMENT '编号',
activity_id string COMMENT '优惠券ID',
order_id string COMMENT 'skuid',
create_time string COMMENT '领取时间'
) COMMENT '活动订单关联表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_activity_order/';


#优惠规则表（全量）

create external table ods_activity_rule(
id string COMMENT '编号',
activity_id string COMMENT '活动ID',
condition_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '满减金额',
condition_num bigint COMMENT '满减件数',
benefit_amount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '优惠金额',
benefit_discount decimal(16,2) COMMENT '优惠折扣',
benefit_level string COMMENT '优惠级别'
) COMMENT '优惠规则表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_activity_rule/';


#编码字典表（全量）

create external table ods_base_dic(
dic_code string COMMENT '编号',
dic_name string COMMENT '编码名称',
parent_code string COMMENT '父编码',
create_time string COMMENT '创建日期',
operate_time string COMMENT '操作日期'
) COMMENT '编码字典表'
PARTITIONED BY (dt string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
STORED AS
INPUTFORMAT 'com.hadoop.mapred.DeprecatedLzoTextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
location '/warehouse/gmall/ods/ods_base_dic/';

2.2ODS层加载数据脚本

vi hdfs_to_ods_db.sh

#!/bin/bash

APP=default
hive=/training/hive/bin/hive

# 如果是输入的日期按照取输入日期；如果没输入日期取当前时间的前一天
if [ -n "$2" ] ;then
    do_date=$2
else 
    do_date=`date -d "-1 day" +%F`
fi

sql1=" 
load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/order_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_info partition(dt='$do_date');

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/order_detail/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_detail partition(dt='$do_date');

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/sku_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_sku_info partition(dt='$do_date');

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/user_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_user_info partition(dt='$do_date');

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/payment_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_payment_info partition(dt='$do_date');

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/base_category1/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_category1 partition(dt='$do_date');

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/base_category2/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_category2 partition(dt='$do_date');

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/base_category3/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_category3 partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/base_trademark/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_trademark partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/activity_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_activity_info partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/activity_order/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_activity_order partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/cart_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_cart_info partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/comment_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_comment_info partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/coupon_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_coupon_info partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/coupon_use/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_coupon_use partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/favor_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_favor_info partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/order_refund_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_refund_info partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/order_status_log/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_order_status_log partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/spu_info/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_spu_info partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/activity_rule/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_activity_rule partition(dt='$do_date'); 

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/base_dic/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_dic partition(dt='$do_date'); 
"

sql2=" 
load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/base_province/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_province;

load data inpath '/data/offgmall/db/base_region/$do_date' OVERWRITE into table ${APP}.ods_base_region;
"
case $1 in
"first"){
    $hive -e "$sql1$sql2"
};;
"all"){
    $hive -e "$sql1"
};;
esac

修改权限： chmod 777 hdfs_to_ods_db.sh

初次导入：初次导入时，脚本的第一个参数应为first，线上环境不传第二个参数，自动获取前一天日期

hdfs_to_ods_db.sh first 2022-05-10

每日导入：每日重复导入，脚本的第一个参数应为all，线上环境不传第二个参数，自动获取前一天日期。

hdfs_to_ods_db.sh all 2020-06-15

测试数据是否导入成功：select * from ods_order_detail where dt='2022-05-10';

其他内容请关注我的博客！在<项目>专栏里！！！

本文参考于：

尚硅谷大数据项目

标签： hadoop hive hdfs
本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_55906442/article/details/124948001
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