Kubernetes详细安装

By：雪月三十

参考：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43580215/article/details/125153959
https://juejin.cn/post/6844903943051411469
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI0MDQ4MTM5NQ==&mid=2247502359&idx=1&sn=8c16100c9731359b9864403183f44233&chksm=e918af0bde6f261da9f4960c0ed43e1552eeed9ff3ad0ba06bcfef75e3ba9e9d097e1c87a51c&scene=178&cur_album_id=1790241575034290179#rd
https://juejin.cn/post/6952331691524358174#heading-5
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases
https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/

一、前置条件

本篇文章，安装大步骤如下：

安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）
设置k8s环境前置条件（所有机器）
安装k8s v1.26.2 （所有机器）截止到2023.3最新版
初始化k8s（master管理节点）
安装flannel（master管理节点）
安装Dashboard（master管理节点）安装到最后发现因k8s版本太高无法使用

预先安装好了两台虚拟机, centos7(CPUx2, 内存2G)

这里有重要的一步，请记住自己master和node之间通信的ip，如我的master的ip为192.168.140.133，node的ip为：192.168.140.134.

请确保使用这两个ip在master和node上能互相ping通

，这个master的ip 192.168.140.133接下来配置k8s的时候需要用到。

二、安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）

所有安装k8s的机器都需要安装docker，命令如下：

# 安装docker所需的工具

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

# 配置阿里云的docker源

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 指定安装这个版本的docker-ce
yum install docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7 docker-ce-cli-18.09.9-3.el7 containerd.io
#安装完毕后, 建议将docker源替换为国内. 推荐阿里云镜像加速, 有阿里云账号即可免费使用.阿里云 -> 容器镜像服务 -> 镜像中心 -> 镜像加速# 启动docker
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

三、设置k8s环境准备条件（所有机器）

安装k8s的机器需要2个CPU和2g内存以上，这个简单，在虚拟机里面配置一下就可以了。然后执行以下脚本做一些准备操作。所有安装k8s的机器都需要这一步操作。

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld

# 关闭selinux# 临时禁用selinux
setenforce 0# 永久关闭 修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件设置
sed -i 's/SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/'/etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g"/etc/selinux/config

# 禁用交换分区
swapoff -a
# 永久禁用，打开/etc/fstab注释掉swap那一行。
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/'/etc/fstab

# 修改内核参数
cat <<EOF >/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables =1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables =1
EOF
sysctl --system

四、装k8s v1.26.2 （所有机器）

如果还没安装docker，请参照本文步骤二安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）安装。如果没设置k8s环境准备条件，请参照本文步骤三设置k8s环境准备条件（所有机器）执行。
以上两个步骤检查完毕之后，继续以下步骤。

安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl 由于官方k8s源在google，国内无法访问，这里使用阿里云yum源

# 执行配置k8s阿里云源
cat <<EOF >/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

# 安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes

# 启动kubelet服务
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

五、初始化k8s （master管理节点）

以下这个命令开始安装k8s需要用到的docker镜像，因为无法访问到国外网站，所以这条命令使用的是国内的阿里云的源(registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers)。
另一个非常重要的是：这里的–apiserver-advertise-address使用的是master和node间能互相ping通的ip，我这里是192.168.140.133，请自己修改下ip执行。

kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.26.2--apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.140.133--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16--token-ttl 0

执行这一步的时候可能会有报错问题不大

kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.26.2--apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.140.133--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16--token-ttl 0[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.26.2[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
error execution phase preflight:[preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:[ERROR CRI]: container runtime isnot running: output: time="2023-03-14T10:49:34+08:00" level=fatal msg="validate service connection: CRI v1 runtime API is not implemented for endpoint \"unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock\": rpc error: code = Unimplemented desc = unknown service runtime.v1.RuntimeService", error: exit status 1[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with--v=5or higher

在这里插入图片描述 执行下面两条语句：

rm -rf /etc/containerd/config.toml
systemctl restart containerd

重新执行这个就可以了

kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.26.2--apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.140.133--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16--token-ttl 0

没有报错的话：
这条命令执行时会卡在

[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull

，大概需要2分钟，请耐心等待。
看到初始化成功即可

在这里插入图片描述
并且会获得一条加入节点的语句记得存一下忘记了也没关系其实

六、将node节点加入集群（node节点）

在node节点中输入下面命令每个人的不一样（刚才初始化主节点获得的）
如果忘记保存了命令可以使用

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

来获取

kubeadm join 192.168.140.133:6443--token hqyy9b.dami9ysr2lew0ily \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:52252d1b9edb9a5232ede445582014007560c6e97889094c4ef24a34238cb4cb

执行完毕后可以使用

kubectl get nodes

命令查看到加入的节点。
在这里插入图片描述

七、安装flannel（master管理节点）

以上步骤安装完后，机器搭建起来了，但状态还是NotReady状态，如下图，master机器需要安装flanneld。

下载官方fannel配置文件使用wget命令，地址为：(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml)，这个地址国内访问可能会有问题我把内容放在文章最后(fannel配置文件) 你们新建一个名称为kube-flannel.yml文件然后复制到这个文件里面即可
安装fannel

kubectl apply-f kube-flannel.yml

在这里插入图片描述
等待几分钟后再次查看

可以的很完美
至此，k8s集群搭建完成

八、安装Dashboard（master管理节点）

如果你按照我安装的k8s版本1.26.2的话目前没有办法使用Dashboard 作者没有更新

在这里插入图片描述
不过教程还是写一下吧留给以后的自己看

部署Dashboard

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
kubectl apply-f recommended.yaml

在这里插入图片描述部署完毕后, 执行

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

查看pods状态
在这里插入图片描述 2. 创建用户
创建一个用于登录Dashboard的用户. 创建文件dashboard-adminuser.yaml内容如下:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system

执行命令

kubectl apply-f dashboard-adminuser.yaml

在这里插入图片描述

获取token 其实也可以设置密码个人觉得这种方式比较方便

kubectl -n kube-system create token admin-user

找到服务端口

kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

浏览器访问 https://192.168.140.133:XXXX 会出现不安全的网站的提示，随便点击 chrome 空白位置，输入 thisisunsafe 即进入登录界面
输入token即可

九、fannel配置文件

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:- configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:- pathPrefix:"/etc/cni/net.d"- pathPrefix:"/etc/kube-flannel"- pathPrefix:"/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities:['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities:[]
  requiredDropCapabilities:[]# Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:-min:0max:65535# SELinux
  seLinux:# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule:'RunAsAny'---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:- apiGroups:['extensions']
    resources:['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs:['use']
    resourceNames:['psp.flannel.unprivileged']- apiGroups:-""
    resources:- pods
    verbs:- get
  - apiGroups:-""
    resources:- nodes
    verbs:-list- watch
  - apiGroups:-""
    resources:- nodes/status
    verbs:- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json:|{"name":"cbr0","cniVersion":"0.3.1","plugins":[{"type":"flannel","delegate":{"hairpinMode": true,"isDefaultGateway": true
          }},{"type":"portmap","capabilities":{"portMappings": true
          }}]}
  net-conf.json:|{"Network":"10.244.0.0/16","Backend":{"Type":"vxlan"}}---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:- linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:- amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:- operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:- name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:- cp
        args:--f
        -/etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        -/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:- name: cni
          mountPath:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:- name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:-/opt/bin/flanneld
        args:---ip-masq
        ---kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add:["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:- name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:- name: run
          mountPath:/run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:- name: run
          hostPath:
            path:/run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:- linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:- arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:- operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:- name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:- cp
        args:--f
        -/etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        -/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:- name: cni
          mountPath:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:- name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:-/opt/bin/flanneld
        args:---ip-masq
        ---kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add:["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:- name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:- name: run
          mountPath:/run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:- name: run
          hostPath:
            path:/run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:- linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:- arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:- operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:- name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:- cp
        args:--f
        -/etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        -/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:- name: cni
          mountPath:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:- name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:-/opt/bin/flanneld
        args:---ip-masq
        ---kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add:["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:- name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:- name: run
          mountPath:/run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:- name: run
          hostPath:
            path:/run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:- linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:- ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:- operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:- name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:- cp
        args:--f
        -/etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        -/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:- name: cni
          mountPath:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:- name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:-/opt/bin/flanneld
        args:---ip-masq
        ---kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add:["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:- name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:- name: run
          mountPath:/run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:- name: run
          hostPath:
            path:/run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:- linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:- s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:- operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:- name: install-cni
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:- cp
        args:--f
        -/etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        -/etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:- name: cni
          mountPath:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:- name: kube-flannel
        image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:-/opt/bin/flanneld
        args:---ip-masq
        ---kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu:"100m"
            memory:"50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add:["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:- name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:- name: run
          mountPath:/run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath:/etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:- name: run
          hostPath:
            path:/run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path:/etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg

by：雪月三十

标签： kubernetes docker 容器

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49764009/article/details/129525997
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Kubernetes详细安装

一、前置条件

二、安装docker-ce 18.09.9（所有机器）

三、设置k8s环境准备条件（所有机器）

四、装k8s v1.26.2 （所有机器）

五、初始化k8s （master管理节点）

六、将node节点加入集群（node节点）

七、安装flannel（master管理节点）

八、安装Dashboard（master管理节点）

九、fannel配置文件

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