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k8s 常用命令(三)

1、查看版本信息：kubectl** **version

[root@master ~]# kubectl version

[root@master ~]# kubectl version

Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T21:04:39Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T20:59:07Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

[root@master ~]# kubectl

2、查看资源对象简写（缩写）：kubectl api-resources

[root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources

Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T21:04:39Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T20:59:07Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

3、查看集群信息：kubectl cluster-info

[root@master ~]# kubectl cluster-info

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.159.10:6443

CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.159.10:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

4、查看帮助信息：kubectl --help

[root@master ~]# kubectl –help

kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/

Basic Commands (Beginner):

create Create a resource from a file or from stdin.

expose 使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes

Service

run 在集群中运行一个指定的镜像

set 为 objects 设置一个指定的特征

Basic Commands (Intermediate):

explain 查看资源的文档

get 显示一个或更多 resources

edit 在服务器上编辑一个资源

delete Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:

rollout Manage the rollout of a resource

scale Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication Controller

autoscale Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, StatefulSet, or ReplicationController

Cluster Management Commands:

certificate 修改 certificate 资源.

cluster-info 显示集群信息

top 显示 Resource (CPU/Memory) 使用.

cordon 标记 node 为 unschedulable

uncordon 标记 node 为 schedulable

drain Drain node in preparation for maintenance

taint 更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:

describe 显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情

logs 输出容器在 pod 中的日志

attach Attach 到一个运行中的 container

exec 在一个 container 中执行一个命令

port-forward Forward one or more local ports to a pod

proxy 运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server

cp 复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.

auth Inspect authorization

debug Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and nodes

Advanced Commands:

diff Diff live version against would-be applied version

apply 通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置

patch Update field(s) of a resource

replace 通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源

wait Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.

kustomize Build a kustomization target from a directory or URL.

  1. [root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources
  3. NAME                              SHORTNAMES   APIVERSION                             NAMESPACED   KIND
  5. bindings                                       v1                                     true         Binding
  7. componentstatuses                 cs           v1                                     false        ComponentStatus
  9. configmaps                        cm           v1                                     true         ConfigMap
  11. endpoints                         ep           v1                                     true         Endpoints
  13. events                            ev           v1                                     true         Event
  15. limitranges                       limits       v1                                     true         LimitRange
  17. namespaces                        ns           v1                                     false        Namespace
  19. nodes                             no           v1                                     false        Node
  21. persistentvolumeclaims            pvc          v1                                     true         PersistentVolumeClaim
  23. persistentvolumes                 pv           v1                                     false        PersistentVolume
  25. pods                              po           v1                                     true         Pod
  27. podtemplates                                   v1                                     true         PodTemplate
  29. replicationcontrollers            rc           v1                                     true         ReplicationController
  31. resourcequotas                    quota        v1                                     true         ResourceQuota
  33. secrets                                        v1                                     true         Secret
  35. serviceaccounts                   sa           v1                                     true         ServiceAccount
  37. services                          svc          v1                                     true         Service
  39. mutatingwebhookconfigurations                  admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        MutatingWebhookConfiguration
  41. validatingwebhookconfigurations                admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
  43. customresourcedefinitions         crd,crds     apiextensions.k8s.io/v1                false        CustomResourceDefinition
  45. apiservices                                    apiregistration.k8s.io/v1              false        APIService
  47. controllerrevisions                            apps/v1                                true         ControllerRevision
  49. daemonsets                        ds           apps/v1                                true         DaemonSet
  51. deployments                       deploy       apps/v1                                true         Deployment
  53. replicasets                       rs           apps/v1                                true         ReplicaSet
  55. statefulsets                      sts          apps/v1                                true         StatefulSet
  57. tokenreviews                                   authentication.k8s.io/v1               false        TokenReview
  59. localsubjectaccessreviews                      authorization.k8s.io/v1                true         LocalSubjectAccessReview
  61. selfsubjectaccessreviews                       authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectAccessReview
  63. selfsubjectrulesreviews                        authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectRulesReview
  65. subjectaccessreviews                           authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SubjectAccessReview
  67. horizontalpodautoscalers          hpa          autoscaling/v1                         true         HorizontalPodAutoscaler
  69. cronjobs                          cj           batch/v1                               true         CronJob
  71. jobs                                           batch/v1                               true         Job
  73. certificatesigningrequests        csr          certificates.k8s.io/v1                 false        CertificateSigningRequest
  75. leases                                         coordination.k8s.io/v1                 true         Lease
  77. endpointslices                                 discovery.k8s.io/v1                    true         EndpointSlice
  79. events                            ev           events.k8s.io/v1                       true         Event
  81. ingresses                         ing          extensions/v1beta1                     true         Ingress
  83. flowschemas                                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        FlowSchema
  85. prioritylevelconfigurations                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        PriorityLevelConfiguration
  87. ingressclasses                                 networking.k8s.io/v1                   false        IngressClass
  89. ingresses                         ing          networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         Ingress
  91. networkpolicies                   netpol       networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         NetworkPolicy
  93. runtimeclasses                                 node.k8s.io/v1                         false        RuntimeClass
  95. poddisruptionbudgets              pdb          policy/v1                              true         PodDisruptionBudget
  97. podsecuritypolicies               psp          policy/v1beta1                         false        PodSecurityPolicy
  99. clusterrolebindings                            rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRoleBinding
  101. clusterroles                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRole
  103. rolebindings                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         RoleBinding
  105. roles                                          rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         Role
  107. priorityclasses                   pc           scheduling.k8s.io/v1                   false        PriorityClass
  109. csidrivers                                     storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSIDriver
  111. csinodes                                       storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSINode
  113. csistoragecapacities                           storage.k8s.io/v1beta1                 true         CSIStorageCapacity
  115. storageclasses                    sc           storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        StorageClass
  117. volumeattachments                              storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        VolumeAttachment

Settings Commands:

label 更新在这个资源上的 labels

annotate 更新一个资源的注解

completion Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)

Other Commands:

api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server

api-versions Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"

config 修改 kubeconfig 文件

plugin Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.

version 输出 client 和 server 的版本信息

Usage:

kubectl [flags] [options]

Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.

Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

5、node*节点日志查看：journalctl -u kubelet -f*

k8s中查看核心组件日志怎么看

①、通过kubeadm部署的：kubectl logs -f pod_组件名 -n namespace

  1.                                          或者 journalctl -u kubelet -f

②、二进制部署的：journalctl -u kubelet -f

-- Logs begin at 三 2022-11-02 02:24:50 CST. --

11月 01 19:51:04 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:04.415651 13641 pod_container_deletor.go:79] "Container not found in pod's containers" containerID="041b38b5bb2ff0161170bea161fd70e9175cc27fdc98877944d899ebe7b90d2f"

11月 01 19:51:06 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:06.428325 13641 reconciler.go:196] "operationExecutor.UnmountVolume started for volume "kubeconfig" (UniqueName: "kubernetes.io/host-path/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac-kubeconfig") pod "771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac" (UID: "771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac") "

11月 01 19:51:06 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:06.428370 13641 operation_generator.go:829] UnmountVolume.TearDown succeeded for volume "kubernetes.io/host-path/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac-kubeconfig" (OuterVolumeSpecName: "kubeconfig") pod "771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac" (UID: "771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac"). InnerVolumeSpecName "kubeconfig". PluginName "kubernetes.io/host-path", VolumeGidValue ""

11月 01 19:51:06 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:06.529163 13641 reconciler.go:319] "Volume detached for volume "kubeconfig" (UniqueName: "kubernetes.io/host-path/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac-kubeconfig") on node "master" DevicePath """

11月 01 19:51:07 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:07.282148 13641 kubelet_getters.go:300] "Path does not exist" path="/var/lib/kubelet/pods/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac/volumes"

11月 01 19:51:10 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:10.913108 13641 topology_manager.go:187] "Topology Admit Handler"

11月 01 19:51:11 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:11.079185 13641 reconciler.go:224] "operationExecutor.VerifyControllerAttachedVolume started for volume "kubeconfig" (UniqueName: "kubernetes.io/host-path/5e72c0f5a18f84d50f027106c98ab6b1-kubeconfig") pod "kube-scheduler-master" (UID: "5e72c0f5a18f84d50f027106c98ab6b1") "

11月 01 19:51:15 master kubelet[13641]: E1101 19:51:15.849398 13641 cadvisor_stats_provider.go:151] "Unable to fetch pod etc hosts stats" err="failed to get stats failed command 'du' ($ nice -n 19 du -x -s -B 1) on path /var/lib/kubelet/pods/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac/etc-hosts with error exit status 1" pod="kube-system/kube-scheduler-master"

11月 01 19:51:25 master kubelet[13641]: E1101 19:51:25.874999 13641 cadvisor_stats_provider.go:151] "Unable to fetch pod etc hosts stats" err="failed to get stats failed command 'du' ($ nice -n 19 du -x -s -B 1) on path /var/lib/kubelet/pods/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac/etc-hosts with error exit status 1" pod="kube-system/kube-scheduler-master"

11月 01 19:51:31 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:31.

6、获取一个或多个资源信息：kubectl get

语法格式：

kubectl get <resource> [-o wide | json| yaml] [-n namespace]

注释：

resource：可以是具体资源名称

-o ：指定输出格式

-n ：指定名称空间

6.1、查看所有命名空间运行的pod信息： kubectl get pods -A

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -A

NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-7clld 1/1 Running 0 5h35m

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-psgvb 1/1 Running 0 5h35m

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-xxncr 1/1 Running 0 5h35m

kube-system coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lbvl5 1/1 Running 0 5h45m

kube-system coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-m6brz 1/1 Running 0 5h45m

kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 5h45m

kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 5h45m

kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 5h11m

kube-system kube-proxy-jwpnz 1/1 Running 0 5h40m

kube-system kube-proxy-xqcqm 1/1 Running 0 5h41m

kube-system kube-proxy-z6rhl 1/1 Running 0 5h45m

kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 5h11m

6.2、查看所有命名空间运行的pod详细信息： kubectl get pods -A -o wide

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -A -o wide

NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-7clld 1/1 Running 0 5h39m 192.168.159.13 node02 <none> <none>

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-psgvb 1/1 Running 0 5h39m 192.168.159.11 node01 <none> <none>

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-xxncr 1/1 Running 0 5h39m 192.168.159.10 master <none> <none>

kube-system coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lbvl5 1/1 Running 0 5h49m 10.150.2.2 node02 <none> <none>

kube-system coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-m6brz 1/1 Running 0 5h49m 10.150.1.2 node01 <none> <none>

kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 5h49m 192.168.159.10 master <none> <none>

kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 5h49m 192.168.159.10 master <none> <none>

kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 5h16m 192.168.159.10 master <none> <none>

kube-system kube-proxy-jwpnz 1/1 Running 0 5h45m 192.168.159.13 node02 <none> <none>

kube-system kube-proxy-xqcqm 1/1 Running 0 5h45m 192.168.159.11 node01 <none> <none>

kube-system kube-proxy-z6rhl 1/1 Running 0 5h49m 192.168.159.10 master <none> <none>

kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 5h15m 192.168.159.10 master <none> <none>

6.3、 查看所有资源对象：kubectl get all -A

[root@master ~]# kubectl get all -A

NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

kube-flannel pod/kube-flannel-ds-7whbw 1/1 Running 0 5h14m

kube-flannel pod/kube-flannel-ds-nj4vl 1/1 Running 0 5h14m

kube-flannel pod/kube-flannel-ds-w55x5 1/1 Running 0 5h14m

kube-system pod/coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lg6hc 1/1 Running 0 5h20m

kube-system pod/coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-tdwhx 1/1 Running 0 5h20m

kube-system pod/etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 5h20m

kube-system pod/kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 5h20m

kube-system pod/kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 5h13m

kube-system pod/kube-proxy-gv58r 1/1 Running 0 5h20m

kube-system pod/kube-proxy-xd4lz 1/1 Running 0 5h18m

kube-system pod/kube-proxy-zzs2s 1/1 Running 0 5h18m

kube-system pod/kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 5h12m

NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE

default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.125.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 5h20m

default service/nginx-service NodePort 10.125.18.84 <none> 80:32476/TCP 5h3m

kube-system service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.125.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 5h20m

NAMESPACE NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE

kube-flannel daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 5h14m

kube-system daemonset.apps/kube-proxy 3 3 3 3 3 kubernetes.io/os=linux 5h20m

NAMESPACE NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE

kube-system deployment.apps/coredns 2/2 2 2 5h20m

NAMESPACE NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE

kube-system replicaset.apps/coredns-6f6b8cc4f6 2 2 2 5h20m

**6.4、查看node节点上的标签：kube get nodes --show-labels **

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels

NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION LABELS

master Ready control-plane,master 5h58m v1.21.3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=master,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane=,node-role.kubernetes.io/master=,node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers=

node01 Ready node 5h53m v1.21.3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node01,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/node=node

node02 Ready node 5h53m v1.21.3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node02,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/node=node

6.5、查看pod节点上的标签：kubectl get pods --show-labels -A

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels -A

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels -A

NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-7clld 1/1 Running 0 5h51m app=flannel,controller-revision-hash=5b775b5b5c,pod-template-generation=1,tier=node

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-psgvb 1/1 Running 0 5h51m app=flannel,controller-revision-hash=5b775b5b5c,pod-template-generation=1,tier=node

kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-xxncr 1/1 Running 0 5h51m app=flannel,controller-revision-hash=5b775b5b5c,pod-template-generation=1,tier=node

kube-system coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lbvl5 1/1 Running 0 6h1m k8s-app=kube-dns,pod-template-hash=6f6b8cc4f6

kube-system coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-m6brz 1/1 Running 0 6h1m k8s-app=kube-dns,pod-template-hash=6f6b8cc4f6

kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 6h1m component=etcd,tier=control-plane

kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 6h1m component=kube-apiserver,tier=control-plane

kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 5h27m component=kube-controller-manager,tier=control-plane

kube-system kube-proxy-jwpnz 1/1 Running 0 5h56m controller-revision-hash=6b87fcb57c,k8s-app=kube-proxy,pod-template-generation=1

kube-system kube-proxy-xqcqm 1/1 Running 0 5h56m controller-revision-hash=6b87fcb57c,k8s-app=kube-proxy,pod-template-generation=1

kube-system kube-proxy-z6rhl 1/1 Running 0 6h1m controller-revision-hash=6b87fcb57c,k8s-app=kube-proxy,pod-template-generation=1

kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 5h26m component=kube-scheduler,tier=control-plane

6.6、查看节点组件的状态信息：kubectl get cs

[root@master ~]# kubectl get cs

Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+

NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR

scheduler Healthy ok

controller-manager Healthy ok

etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}

6.7、查看命名空间：kubectl get namespaces

或者使用缩写：[root@master ~]# kubectl get ns

[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespace

NAME STATUS AGE

default Active 6h8m

kube-flannel Active 5h58m

kube-node-lease Active 6h8m

kube-public Active 6h8m

kube-system Active 6h8m

7、创建命名空间 ：kubectl create ns app

[root@master ~]# kubectl create ns ceshi

namespace/ceshi created

8、删除命名空间：kubectl delete ns ceshi

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete ns ceshi

namespace "ceshi" deleted

9、在命名空间kube-public创建无状态控制器deployment来启动pod，暴露80端口，副本集为3

在kube-public命名空间创建一个nginx

[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.15 --port=80 --replicas=3 -n kube-public

[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.15 --port=80 --replicas=3 -n kube-public

deployment.apps/nginx created

11、暴露发布pod中的服务供用户访问

[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --name=nginx-service --type=NodePort -n kube-public

访问：

标签： kubernetes java docker
本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/ajax_beijing_java/article/details/132474373
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