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spring七种事务传递机制及其原理

spring事务传递机制原理


首先,我们通过org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation来了解一下spring事务的传播定义:

1. REQUIRED(默认):

Support a current transaction, create a new one if none exists.
支持当前事务,如果没有则创建一个新的

2. SUPPORTS

Support a current transaction, execute non-transactionally if none exists.
支持当前事务,如果没有则不使用事务

3. MANDATORY

Support a current transaction, throw an exception if none exists
支持当前事务,如果没有事务则报错

4. REQUIRED_NEW

Create a new transaction, and suspend the current transaction if one exists.
新建一个事务,同时将当前事务挂起

5. NOT_SUPPORTED

Execute non-transactionally, suspend the current transaction if one exists
以无事务的方式执行,如果当前有事务则将其挂起

6. NEVER

Execute non-transactionally, throw an exception if a transaction exists.
以无事务的方式执行,如果当前有事务则报错

7. NESTED

Execute within a nested transaction if a current transaction exists,behave like PROPAGATION_REQUIRED else
如果当前有事务,则在当前事务内部嵌套一个事务,内部事务的回滚不影响当前事务。如果当前没有事务,就相当于REQUIRED

  • Note: Actual creation of a nested transaction will only work on specific transaction managers. Out of the box, this only applies to the JDBC DataSourceTransactionManager when working on a JDBC 3.0 driver. Some JTA providers might support nested transactions as well.
  • 注意:该定义只能在JDBC3.0驱动下的DataSourceTransactionManager事务管理器中使用,有些JTA事务可能也会支持

接下来我们通过代码验证一下spring事务的传递性,在UserServiceImpl类添加两个方法如下:

@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.NEVER)publicUserfindById(Long id){User user =  userMapper.findById(id);System.out.println("find user:"+user);return user;}@TransactionalpublicvoidtransactionTest(int t){findById(t+0L);}

我们调用transactionTest方法,transactionTest没有配置Propagation,所以默认是REQUIRED,会在当前新建一个事务。transactionTest内部调用findById,由于findById事务传播定义为NEVER,表明它当前不能有事务,按理说这里会抛出异常,但是我们利用junit执行后发现,transactionTest是可以正常执行的。

事实上,如果使用@Transaction方法里嵌套调用的是同一个类的方法,spring代理会忽略嵌套方法的@Transaction配置。但是,如果是其他注入对象的方法,那么@Transaction配置就会生效。我们将上面的transactionTest方法的事务传播定义为NERVER,并新增一个insert操作,即使insert启用了事务并且抛出异常,但是事务不会生效,也不会有回滚的说法,程序会抛出异常但是数据会保存到数据库中:

@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.NEVER)publicvoidtransactionTest(int t){findById(t+0L);insertUser("huangxl","abc123");}@TransactionalpublicintinsertUser(String name,String password){User user =newUser();
    user.setPassword(password);
    user.setUsername(name);int insertCount =  userMapper.insertEntity(user);if(insertCount ==1){thrownewRuntimeException("test transaction roll back");}return insertCount;}

接下来我们来测试不同类之间的方法(事务)调用,以下的测试都是基于junit执行TransactionTestServiceImpl.test()方法

一、Propagation.NERVER的测试

下面我们将UserService注入到TransactionTestServiceImpl中,test方法使用@Transactional,UserService findById事务传播定义不变,还是NERVER。

UserserviceImpl:@ServicepublicclassTransactionTestServiceImplimplementsTransactionTestService{@AutowiredprivateUserService userService;@Override@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){
        userService.findById(1L);}}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@ServicepublicclassUserServiceImplimplementsUserService{@Override@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.NEVER)publicUserfindById(Long id){User user =  userMapper.findById(id);System.out.println("find user:"+user);return user;}}

由于test默认启用了事务,findById不允许当前有事务,所以我们执行test方法后会发现程序抛出了异常:
org.springframework.transaction.IllegalTransactionStateException: Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation ‘never’

  • 结论: NERVER 不允许当前存在事务

二、Propagation.REQUIRED的测试

UserserviceImpl:@TransactionalpublicintinsertUser(String name,String password){User user =newUser();
    user.setPassword(password);
    user.setUsername(name);int insertCount =  userMapper.insertEntity(user);if(insertCount ==1){thrownewRuntimeException("test transaction roll back");}return insertCount;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){try{
        userService.insertUser("abc","123");}catch(Exception e){//do Nothing}
    userMapper.updateUserPassWord(1L,"456");}

我们会发现,即使捕获了userService.insertUser抛出的异常,test还是把insertUser和updateUserPassword操作当成是一个整体,整个事务还是回滚了,程序抛出了下面的异常:
org.springframework.transaction.UnexpectedRollbackException: Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only

  • 结论: REQUIRED子事务会影响当前事务的提交、回滚

三、Propagation.NESTED的测试

UserserviceImpl:@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.NESTED)publicintinsertUser(String name,String password){User user =newUser();
    user.setPassword(password);
    user.setUsername(name);int insertCount =  userMapper.insertEntity(user);if(insertCount ==1){thrownewRuntimeException("test transaction roll back");}return insertCount;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){try{
        userService.insertUser("abc","123");}catch(Exception e){//do Nothing}
    userMapper.updateUserPassWord(1L,"456");}

程序正常运行,因为NESTED内部事务回滚不影响外部事务。假如这个时候我们把test的@Transactional去掉再运行test方法,发现insertUser没有插入用户信息,说明当前没有事务的情况下,NESTED会默认创建一个事务,类似于REQUIRED。
如果我们把程序改为下面的情况:

UserserviceImpl:@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.NESTED)publicintinsertUser(String name,String password){User user =newUser();
    user.setPassword(password);
    user.setUsername(name);int insertCount =  userMapper.insertEntity(user);return insertCount;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){
    userService.insertUser("abc","123");int updateRow = userMapper.updateUserPassWord(1L,"456");if(updateRow ==1){thrownewRuntimeException("transational roll back");}}

我们会发现没有插入用户信息,当前事务和子事务全部回滚。

  • 结论: NESTED子事务回滚不会影响当前事务的提交(catch回滚异常的情况下),但是当前事务回滚会回滚子事务。也就是说只有当前事务提交成功了,子事务才会提交成功。

四、Propagation.REQUIRED_NEW的测试

UserserviceImpl:@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)publicintinsertUser(String name,String password){User user =newUser();
    user.setPassword(password);
    user.setUsername(name);int insertCount =  userMapper.insertEntity(user);return insertCount;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){
    userService.insertUser("abc","123");int updateRow = userMapper.updateUserPassWord(1L,"456");if(updateRow ==1){thrownewRuntimeException("transational roll back");}}

运行结果:程序报错,但是有用户信息插入。
将程序改为下面的样子:

UserserviceImpl:@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)publicintupdateUserPassWorld(Long id,String password){int update =  userMapper.updateUserPassWord(id,password);return update;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){//当前事务
    userMapper.updateUserPassWord(28L,"123456");//执行REQUIRES_NEW事务
    userService.updateUserPassWorld(28L,"000000");System.out.println("commit");}

执行程序,发现程序迟迟没有打印字符串commit,发生了死锁。

  • 结论: REQUIRES_NEW会启用一个新的事务,事务拥有完全独立的能力,它不依赖于当前事务,执行时会挂起当前事务,直到REQUIRES_NEW事务完成提交后才会提交当前事务,如果当前事务与REQUIRES_NEW 存在锁竞争,会导致死锁。

五、NOT_SUPPORTED的测试

UserserviceImpl:@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)publicintupdateUserPassWorld(Long id,String password){int updateRow =  userMapper.updateUserPassWord(id,password);if(updateRow ==1){thrownewRuntimeException("roll back test");}return updateRow;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){
    userService.updateUserPassWorld(28L,"000000");}

程序运行报错,但是id为28的用户密码还是更新了。

  • 将程序改为下面这个情况:
UserserviceImpl:@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)publicintupdateUserPassWorld(Long id,String password){int update =  userMapper.updateUserPassWord(id,password);return update;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:@Transactionalpublicvoidtest(){//当前事务
    userMapper.updateUserPassWord(28L,"123456");//执行REQUIRES_NEW事务
    userService.updateUserPassWorld(28L,"000000");System.out.println("commit");}

执行程序,发现程序迟迟没有打印字符串commit,发生了死锁。

  • 结论: NOT_SUPPORTED会挂起当前事务,并且NOT_SUPPORTED定义的方法内部不启用显示事务,如果NOT_SUPPORTED和当前事务存在锁竞争,会发生死锁。

六、NOT_SUPPORTED的测试

UserserviceImpl:@Transactional(propagation =Propagation.MANDATORY)publicintupdateUserPassWorld(Long id,String password){int updateRow =  userMapper.updateUserPassWord(id,password);return updateRow;}TransactionTestServiceImpl:publicvoidtest(){
    userService.updateUserPassWorld(28L,"123456");}

程序运行错误:
org.springframework.transaction.IllegalTransactionStateException: No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation ‘mandatory’

  • 结论: MANDATORY必须包含在事务中,如果事务不存在,则抛出异常
标签: java junit spring

本文转载自: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36665875/article/details/129759753
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